Reactions to the killing of Osama bin Laden

On May 1, 2011, the President of the United States Barack Obama confirmed that al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had been killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Within minutes of the official announcement, crowds gathered in impromptu fashion to celebrate the news throughout the U.S.

Bin Laden's death was welcomed throughout the world as a fitting end to someone who had inspired mass bloodshed, and a positive and significant turning point in the fight against terrorism. Those who welcomed it included the United Nations, European Union, NATO, and some nations in Asia, South America, and the Middle East, including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Somalia, Philippines, Turkey, Iraq, Israel, and the rebel Libyan Republic.

The killing was condemned, however, by Venezuela, the Hamas administration of the Gaza Strip, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Taliban. The governments of most Arab and Muslim countries maintained official silence. Iran and the Muslim Brotherhood opined that bin Laden's death removed "the last excuse" for western forces to remain in the Middle East and urged for their withdrawal. The monitoring of Jihadist websites after the death of Osama bin Laden by intelligence agency SITE also revealed encouragement of retaliatory attacks for the death of Osama bin Laden.

United States

Americans celebrating the death of Osama bin Laden in front of the White House

Within minutes of the official announcement, crowds gathered spontaneously to celebrate outside the White House, where thousands assembled, Ground Zero, the Pentagon and in New York's Times Square. In Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit with a large Muslim and Arab population, a small crowd gathered outside the City Hall in celebration, many of them of Middle Eastern descent. From the beginning to the end of Obama's speech, 4,000 tweets per second were sent on Twitter.

Fans attending a nationally televised Major League Baseball game between two National League East rivals, the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets, at Citizens Bank Park initiated U-S-A! cheers in response to the news. Likewise, at WWE Extreme Rules 2011; a pay-per-view broadcast emanating from the St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa, Florida newly crowned WWE Champion John Cena announced the news to the audience following the event's conclusion, resulting in a massive "U-S-A!" chant from the crowd. Students at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri celebrated with a parade through the Greek housing section of the campus, an event which included fireworks, the singing of the National Anthem of the United States, and multiple recordings of festivities being posted to the internet. Students from many other universities, including cadets from the U.S. Military Academy and other U.S. armed forces academies also celebrated when they got the news. All three major television networks airing programming at the time interrupted their regularly scheduled programming to cover the news. Lisa Provence of The Hook said "Some Americans responded to news about the death of Osama bin Laden much like the Munchkins did when Dorothy vanquished the Wicked Witch in the Wizard of Oz: with jubilant cheers and official proclamations."

Current and former officials

Former President George W. Bush said that "this momentous achievement marks a victory for America, for people who seek peace around the world, and for all those who lost loved ones on September 11, 2001". Former President Bill Clinton described it as "a profoundly important moment for people all over the world who want to build a common future of peace, freedom, and cooperation for our children". For her part, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said: "The fight (against terrorism) continues, and we will never waver. I know there are some who doubted this day would ever come, who questioned our resolve and our reach. But let us remind ourselves, this is America. We rise to the challenge, we persevere, and we get the job done."

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said that he hoped the death of bin Laden "would comfort those who lost loved ones" in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Former National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice characterized the news as "absolutely thrilling", adding that she was "overwhelmed with gratitude and continue[s] to be amazed at what our military has achieved". The event was also applauded by past and presumed future Republican presidential contenders former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, former Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty, and Senator John McCain. Several U.S. senators questioned whether Pakistani authorities knew about bin Laden's presence, and had protected him.

Market responses

• Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway stated that Osama's death was not "a big market factor".
• The United States dollar briefly rallied against other currencies upon news of bin Laden's death, pushing the price of petroleum downward. These gains were erased by the end of trading on May 2.

Pakistan

Following the death of bin Laden, President Asif Ali Zardari convened emergency talks with Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani and security chiefs in Islamabad. Pakistan's military officials declined to comment, referring questions to the foreign ministry. Yousaf Raza Gillani said: "We will not allow our soil to be used against any other country for terrorism and therefore I think it's a great victory, it's a success and I congratulate the success of this operation." The next day a rally was held in support of bin Laden in Pakistani town of Quetta where about 1,000 people gathered chanting "death to America" and set fire to a U.S. flag. Former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf criticized the operation saying "America coming to our territory and taking action is a violation of our sovereignty, handling and execution of the operation [by US forces] is not correct. The Pakistani government should have been kept in the loop."

After the operation Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence admitted that there had been an intelligence failure. An official stated that the same compound had been raided in 2003 but since then was not being monitored.

Islamic organizations

• Ahmadiyya Muslim Community national spokesman Harris Zafar said: "Let me say it very plainly. As a Muslim, I am happy that a known terrorist like Osama bin Laden has been brought down and his reign of terror has come to an end. His actions ran counter to the true, peaceful, message of Islam, and he created so much mistrust and misconception of Islam. I hope other Muslims will realize that he was not a leader of Muslims. He was only a leader of extremists."
• Council on American-Islamic Relations issued a statement saying: "We join our fellow citizens in welcoming the announcement that Osama bin Laden has been eliminated as a threat to our nation and the world through the actions of American military personnel. ... Bin Laden never represented Muslims or Islam. In fact, in addition to the killing of thousands of Americans, he and Al Qaeda caused the deaths of countless Muslims worldwide."
• The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt issued a statement in which it condemned bin Laden's killing, calling it an "assassination". Muslim Brotherhood second-in-command Mahmud Ezzat said: "Islam is not bin Laden. After September 11, there had been a lot of confusion. Terrorism was mixed up with Islam. In the coming phase, everyone will be looking to the West for just behaviour." He added that, with bin Laden dead, the western forces should now pull out of Iraq and Afghanistan.

Terrorist Organizations

• An Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula member said: "This news has been a catastrophe for us. At first we did not believe it, but we got in touch with our brothers in Pakistan who have confirmed it."
• Hamas denounced the killing of bin Laden: "We condemn the assassination and the killing of an 'Arab holy warrior'. We regard this as a continuation of the American policy based on oppression and the shedding of Muslim and Arab blood." Ismail Haniya, a senior political leader of Hamas and one of two disputed Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority, said: "We condemn any killing of a holy warrior or of a Muslim and Arab person and we ask God to bestow his mercy upon him." Ismail al-Ashqar, a Hamas lawmaker, called it "state terrorism that America carries out against Muslims".
• A Taliban in Pakistan spokesman said: "If he [bin Laden] has been martyred, we will avenge his death and launch attacks against American and Pakistani governments and their security forces... If he has become a martyr, it is a great victory for us because martyrdom is the aim of all of us."

International

Organizations

• European Union – the President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek said, "We have woken up in a more secure world."
• Interpol – Secretary General Ronald Noble congratulated the U.S. and its counterparts worldwide for the gathering and sharing intelligence that permitted the U.S. to locate and launch a targeted operation to bring bin Laden to justice. He stated that since the death of Bin Laden does not represent the demise of Al-Qaeda affiliates and those inspired by Al-Qaeda, no continent or region of the world is spared from terrorism; he stated also that the Interpol National Central Bureaus and all law enforcement agencies are on full alert for acts of retaliation from Al-Qaeda, in the tentative to prove they still exist.
• NATO – NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said the killing of bin Laden is a "significant success" for the security of NATO allies.
• UN – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon hailed bin Laden's death as a key turning point in the world's struggle against terrorism. "The death of Osama bin Laden, announced by President (Barack) Obama last night, is a watershed moment in our common global fight against terrorism".

Countries

Europe

• Austria – Austrian Foreign Minister Michael Spindelegger welcomed the news, calling it "a relief for many people", but warned that it must not be interpreted as a "final victory over terrorism".
• Belgium – Belgian resigning Prime Minister Yves Leterme said "Many people have a sense of relief, especially the victims of the attacks. One would normally expect a trial, but I think this is a good solution, given what happened in the past on the initiative of Osama bin Laden."
• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Bosnia and Herzegovina Minister of Security, Sadik Ahmetović said that the news of bin Laden's discovery and death was "received with relief". Ahmetović added that "terrorism is the evil of modern times whose victims are mainly innocent civilians so we have to fight it with all means".
• Czech Republic – Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas said that "the death of Osama bin Laden is a significant milestone in the fight against terrorism, in the effort to achieve a more secure world, though it is far from its end. It is an important symbolic message to the survivors of victims of terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda and a clear signal to all parties without respect for law and human lives anywhere in the world: human life is irreplaceable, but its wasting won't stay unpunished." Czech President Václav Klaus said "I accepted message about destruction of symbol of world terrorism, Osama bin Laden, with great relief and I believe it will significantly increase safety and calm atmosphere in the world."
• Denmark – Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen said "I congratulate President Obama and the American people with the success in finishing the era of bin Laden's unscrupulous and inhumane violence and destruction". The Danish Foreign Minister, Lene Espersen, called bin Laden's demise a "great symbolic victory", but warned that the War on Terror had not yet ended.
• Finland - President of Finland Tarja Halonen said "Hopefully this the end of an era." She also commented on importance of the international community to create a system which would be constructive and build on co-operation.
• France – French Foreign Minister Alain Juppé said on state radio that bin Laden's death is a "victory for all democracies fighting the abominable scourge of terrorism". He went on to say, "France, the United States and European states work closely together to fight terrorism, so I'm overjoyed at the news." A French MEP and president of the Front National, Marine Le Pen welcomes Osama bin Laden's "salutary elimination" and claims that his execution is "a right and appropriate answer to the death of the victims in the Marrakech bombing.
• Germany – German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said, "That a stop could be put to this terrorist's bloody trade is good news for all peace-loving and free-thinking people in the world."
• Hungary – Hungarian Foreign Minister János Martonyi said, "The death of Osama bin Laden is a major success in the war on international terrorism, but it doesn't mean the end of this war. A very important and determined enemy of our entire civilization has fallen."
• Ireland – Taoiseach Enda Kenny said the removal of bin Laden's ability to plot heinous acts is a major achievement in the effort to rid the world of the threat of terrorism.
• Italy – Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said of bin Laden's killing, "This is a great outcome in the fight against evil, in the fight against terrorism, a great outcome for the United States and for all democracies." Minister of Foreign Affairs Franco Frattini hailed the reported killing of bin Laden as "a great victory" for the United States and the international community as a whole in the struggle against Al Qaeda and terrorism. The Minister has praised US officials for the operation. Minister of the Interior Roberto Maroni said that "Bin Laden's elimination is a good news" and he shared Interpol chief's concerns about risks of immediate terrorist reactions.
• Netherlands – Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte praises the courage and the determination that people showed during the mission. He further says that this is a major blow to the Al-Qaeda network. He has presented his compliments to President Obama but also said this is not the end of terrorism.
• Norway – Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre called the death of bin Laden "a break-through in the fight against terror", but insisted that the threat from al-Qaida remained.
• Poland – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "Justice has been done. Congratulations to our allies. We share this moment of happiness with the American people." It further added, "Let yesterday be a reminder of what will happen to those who continue to align themselves with bin Laden and to those who continue to plan further terrorist attacks."
• Portugal – The President of Portugal, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, sent a message to the President of the United states in which he expressed his solidarity with the feelings of the American people when the outcome of the military operation of which ended with the death of bin Laden became known.
• Russia – "Russia was among the first countries to face the dangers inherent in global terrorism, and unfortunately knows what al Qaeda is not from hearsay," the Kremlin said. "Retribution will inevitably reach all terrorists."
• Spain – Prime Minister of Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero sent a telegram to Barack Obama to expressed "in name of [his] Government and the Spanish society, the satisfaction shared with the American people for the result of the anti-terrorist operation which led to bin Laden's death. Satisfaction for the meaning it has as a decisive and determining step in fighting Al Qaeda's terrorism. Satisfaction inseparable of the memories of the victims caused by the horrible terrorist strikes which will never leave our memory. Spain will stay fully committed with the International Community in fighting terrorism."
• Sweden – Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt wrote a tweet saying that "a world without Osama Bin Laden is a better world. His hatred was a threat to us all".
• Turkey – President Abdullah Gul welcomed the news of bin Laden's death, and said, "It should teach a lesson to terrorist organisations of the world; that the leader of the world's most dangerous and sophisticated terrorist organization is captured this way."
• Ukraine - President Viktor Yanukovych said that bin Laden's death was "important for all countries that wish to live in the world without terrorism".
• United Kingdom – Prime Minister David Cameron said that bin Laden's death would "bring great relief" around the world.
• Vatican – Vatican spokesman Fr. Federico Lombardi said that "Osama bin Laden was gravely responsible for promoting division and hatred between peoples, causing the end of countless innocent lives, and of exploiting religions to this end. Faced with the death of a man, a Christian never rejoices, but reflects on the serious responsibility of each and every one of us before God and before man, and hopes and commits himself so that no event is an opportunity for further growth of hatred, but for peace".

Asia

• Afghanistan – President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai, speaking on the death of bin Laden, said, "It's wonderful. It's great news", elaborating that bin Laden has "been one of the key enemies of humanity, civilization, and it's really been a major problem for the human race". He emphasized that "Afghanistan was right" in saying that "the fighting against terrorism is not in the villages of Afghanistan, not among the poor people of Afghanistan", but in "safe havens", and called on the Taliban to lay down their arms.
• India – Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh said, "I welcome it as a significant step forward and hope that it will deal a decisive blow to Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. The international community and Pakistan in particular must work comprehensively to end the activities of all such groups who threaten civilized behaviour and kill innocent men, women and children." Minister for Home Affairs P. Chidambaram said that bin Laden hiding "deep inside" Pakistan was a matter of grave concern for India and showed that "many of the perpetrators of the Mumbai terror attacks, including the controllers and the handlers of the terrorists who actually carried out the attack, continue to be sheltered in Pakistan". He also called on Pakistan to arrest them.
• Indonesia – Ansyaad Mbai, the head of Indonesia's counter-terrorist agency, said that bin Laden's death "would bring positive impact" and that "it would reduce movements organized by radical groups since their main figure had died".
• Iraq – Foreign Minister of Iraq Hoshyar Zebari said that "Baghdad is delighted by the news that Osama bin Laden has been killed". He mentioned that "thousands of Iraqis had died because of his ideologies".
• Iran – Foreign Ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast said bin Laden's death meant that the "US and their allies have no more excuse to deploy forces in the Middle East under (the) pretext of fighting terrorism". He hoped that the killing would "establish peace and security in the region", adding that it is Iran's policy to "strongly condemn terrorism all over the world". Alaeddin Boroujerdi, head of the Iranian Parliament's foreign policy commission, stated, "If it is true, then the killing of bin Laden 10 years after the September 11 incident is no big deal."
• Israel – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that bin Laden's death was a "resounding triumph for democratic nations fighting terrorism".
• Japan – Foreign Minister of Japan Takeaki Matsumoto said, "I pay respect to the US officials concerned. While his death was confirmed, it does not mean that terrorism was eliminated."
• Lebanon – Lebanon's former Prime Minister Saad Hariri said "The history of our nationalism and Islam will never forgive that man who was a black mark for two decades, filling the minds of youngsters with ideas about terrorism, murder and destruction."
• Malaysia – Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein said he hoped that the death of bin Laden would help bring universal peace and harmony.
• Nepal – Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "The war against terrorism has always remained a priority of Nepal government and we take bin Laden's death as a victory against terrorism".
• Palestinian Authority – The official leader of the Palestinian Authority is in dispute. One of two disputed Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority, Ismail Haniya, said: "We condemn any killing of a holy warrior or of a Muslim and Arab person and we ask God to bestow his mercy upon him." The spokesman for the rival party, Palestinian People's Party, Ghassan Khatib said: "Getting rid of Bin Laden is good for the cause of peace worldwide, but what counts is to overcome the discourse and the methods – the violent methods – that were created and encouraged by Bin Laden and others in the world".
• People's Republic of China – People's Republic of China Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu stated that the death of Bin Laden is "a milestone and a positive development" for the worldwide fight against terrorism.
• Philippines – President Benigno Aquino III praised Barack Obama and said, "The death of Osama bin Laden marks a signal defeat for the forces of extremism and terrorism", while the Philippine National Police described bin Laden's death as "a victory for all peace loving citizens and a major blow to terrorists and terrorism". Authorities in the Philippines believe that there are people who are linked to bin Laden's al-Qaeda network and may commit a retaliation attack.
• Saudi Arabia – Unnamed Saudi official was cited on TV: "Saudi Arabia hopes that the elimination of the leader of the terrorist al-Qaeda organisation will be a step towards supporting international efforts aimed at combating terrorism and dismantling its cells".
• Singapore – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "the killing of Osama bin Laden ... is a significant milestone in the struggle against international terrorism."
• South Korea – A spokesman for President Lee Myung-bak said, "Our government welcomes and supports the efforts shown by the U.S. government through this operation to eradicate terrorism."
• United Arab Emirates – UAE's Assistant Foreign Minister for Political Affairs, Tariq Al Haidan, said that Osama Bin Laden's death "will strengthen efforts of international community in combating terrorism." He added that terrorism had deteriorated the image of Islam and Muslims worldwide and that the "death of the Al-qaeda leader does not mean an end to Al-qaeda or terrorism."
• Yemen – A government official described bin Laden' death as "a truly historic moment". "We welcome the news ... millions of people will sleep in peace tonight. Osama bin Laden was more of a symbolic figure, a spiritual leader for al Qaeda. But this is definitely a strong blow to the organization," said the official, who did not want to be named because he is not authorized to talk to the media.

The Americas

• Argentina – President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner addressed a letter to Obama in which she highlighted the ongoing threat of terrorism as a central issue in today's society, and expressed her wish that the news of bin Laden's death not hinder hopes for peace in the Middle East; "bin Laden's activities," she concluded, "are repudiated by all people and nations who truly believe in the dignity of the human condition, and we stand in support of all his victims." The Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Daniel Scioli, considered the capture of Bin Laden a step forward in the war against terror; the nation's Chief of the Ministers' Cabinet, Aníbal Fernández, announced that Argentina would take the threat of counter-attacks by Al-Qaeda seriously.
• Canada – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said that the death of bin Laden "secures a sense of justice for the families of the 24 Canadians murdered (on September 11, 2001)" and said that "Canada receives the news of the death of Osama bin Laden with sober satisfaction".
• Chile – Minister of Foreign Affairs Alfredo Moreno said the death of bin Laden meant a major blow against terrorism. He described his death as "very positive and important news", saying that it is a "major blow against terrorism".
• Colombia – Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos congratulated Obama, stating in a press release that the raid "proves once again that terrorists, sooner or later, always fall. In the global fight against terrorism there is only one way: to persevere, persevere and persevere."
• Mexico – Foreign Secretary Patricia Espinosa Cantellano said, "It is of great importance in efforts to free the world from the scourge of terrorism, which threatens peace and security, particularly one who leads one of the most ruthless and bloody terrorist organizations in the world."
• Peru – Peruvian President Alan García said that bin Laden's death "vindicates [former U.S. President] George W. Bush's decision to punish Bin Laden and patiently continue this work that has borne fruit".
• Venezuela – Vice President Elias Jaua condemned the killing and subsequent celebrations, saying: "It surprises me to no end how natural crime and murder [have] become, how [they are] celebrated". He added: "At least before imperialist governments were more subtle." Jaua elaborated this, stating that now the deaths, both of people working outside the law and of families of presidents (an apparent reference to Saif al-Arab al-Gaddafi, a target of the 2011 Libyan civil war who had been killed the day prior to bin Laden's death) "are openly celebrated by the leaders of the nations that bomb them".

Oceania

• Australia – Prime Minister Julia Gillard welcomed news of bin Laden's death, saying, "Osama bin Laden declared war on innocent people and today he has paid the price for that declaration." She also said it was "a small measure of justice", but stated that the "War on Terror is not over", and "must be continued".
• New Zealand – New Zealand Prime Minister John Key stated that "the world is a safer place without Osama bin Laden", but "bin Laden's death may not mean an end to terrorism".

Africa

• Ethiopia - Office of Communication Affairs of the Government statement: "...Ethiopia feels and shares the agony and suffering of nations who lose citizens to senseless terrorist attacks... The Ethiopian Government salutes all parties involved in this operation, particularly the US anti-terrorist operatives, for hunting and destroying this unrepentant leader of an international terrorist organization. Although the death of Osama Bin Laden does not mean the end the anti-terrorist struggle, it is, nonetheless, a big victory for the global anti-terrorist forces. ...[O]n this happy occasion, we congratulate the entire people of America and the Government of the United States. In our own immediate vicinity, Bin Laden's Al Qaeda has wrecked havoc in stateless Somalia, killed and maimed many innocent people in Kenya and Tanzania, and has for years been engaged in terrorist activities aimed at destabilizing the Horn of Africa."
• Kenya – Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga said, "It's a major achievement in the war against terrorism."
•  Libya (National Transitional Council) – Colonel Ahmed Omar Bani, a spokesman for the rebel military currently fighting against forces loyal to current Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, says that "We are very happy" to hear the news of bin Laden's death and considers bin Laden as another enemy fighting against the rebels. Bani also added that he wishes Gaddafi suffer the same fate as Bin Laden saying, "We want the Americans to do the same to Gaddafi."
• Morocco – Communications Minister Khalid Naciri said that "the entire world suffered from bin Laden and the organization he created." The Moroccan government also believes that an Al-Qaeda affiliated group was responsible for the April 28, 2011 Marrakech bombing.
• Somalia - The Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed hailed the death of bin Laden by saying, "We welcome the operation which U.S intelligence carried and killed the leader of al-Qaeda, Bin Laden, who already confessed he was the mastermind of mass killing in different places in the world." The Prime Minister also "accused Bin Laden for providing huge support to the Al-Shabaab group." He also added that "Somalia is the real victim of Osama's war ideology."
• South Africa – The Department of International Relations and Cooperation issued a brief statement, "the Government of the Republic of South Africa has noted the news of the passing on of Mr. Osama bin Laden as announced" and reaffirmed the country's support for stemming the "demon of terrorism, in all its manifestations", using "the system of global governance of multilateralism". The ANC's national spokesperson, Jackson Mthembu, has refused to comment the news and that the ANC will not issue a formal statement, until there is evidence of the dead body, claiming that "even the President Obama hasn't seen the body".
• Uganda - Uganda's government called bin Laden's death a "momentous event." Spokesman Fred Opolot pledged that "Ugandan troops in an African Union force in Somalia will continue to fight the al-Qaeda affiliated al-Shabaab militia."

Pro-bin Laden rally

On the evening of May 2, dozens of Palestinian Arab residents of Silwan in East Jerusalem held a rally in support of Osama bin Laden. Some of the demonstrators threw stones at Israel Police officers, who responded with crowd dispersal means. No injuries or arrests were reported. Ynet noted that bin Laden had made various statements in support of the Palestinians and against Israel, had declared that Muslims were engaged in a war against Jews, and had criticized the United States for "its support of Israel and the ongoing occupation in Palestine."

Hundreds took to the streets of Pakistan’s city of Quetta on Monday to pay homage to Osama bin Laden, chanting death to America and setting fire to a US flag, witnesses and organisers saidOrganisers said between 1,000 and 1,200 people attended the rally

See also

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• Death of Osama bin Laden
• Al Qaeda
• Reactions to the September 11 attacks
• Death of Osama bin Laden conspiracy theories

External links

• Bin Laden Is Dead: The Reaction – slideshow by Life magazine