Macaroni

Macaroni is a variety of moderately extended, machine-made, dry pasta made with durum wheat. Macaroni noodles do not contain eggs, and are normally cut in short, hollow shapes; however, the term refers not to the shape of the pasta, but to the kind of dough from which the noodle is made. Although home machines exist that can make macaroni shapes, macaroni is usually made commercially by large-scale extrusion.

Macaroni is a borrowing of the Italian maccheroni (plural of maccherone; "squashed"). Its etymology is debatable; some think it comes from Italian ammaccare, "to bruise or crush" (referring to the crushing of the wheat to make the noodles), which comes, in turn, from Latin macerare,^[1] meaning 1) to soak in liquid, to soften, or 2) to torment, to mortify, to distress (the term also giving the English macerate), while for others it might be the Arabs who invented macaroni in the Middle Ages.^[2] However, the academic consensus supports that the word comes from Greek μακαρία (makaria),^[3] a kind of barley broth which was served to commemorate the dead.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Macaroni is not necessarily associated with the "elbow" shape commonly found in American-style macaroni and cheese. "Elbow macaroni" is also used in a milk pudding, similar to other milk puddings (such as rice pudding) called macaroni pudding, and is also popular among children for homemade arts and crafts projects.

In areas with large Chinese populations open to Western cultural influence, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's cha chaan tengs ("Chinese diner") and Southeast Asia's kopi tiams ("coffee shop"), macaroni is cooked in water and then washed of starch, and served in clear broth with ham or frankfurter sausages, peas, black mushrooms, and optionally eggs, reminiscent of noodle soup dishes. This is often a course for breakfast or light lunch fare.^[13]

References

^ "Maccherone, Maccarone". Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana di Ottorino Pianigiani (in Italian). Retrieved February 24, 2007.
^ Clifford A. Wright, referenced February 18, 2010
^ μακαρία, (def. III), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ Macaroni, on Compact Oxford English Dictionary
^ Macaroni, Online Etymology Dictionary
^ Macaroni, on Webster's New World College Dictionary
^ Andrew Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, Routledge, 2003, on Google books
^ Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder
^ Dhirendra Verma, Word Origins, on Google books
^ Mario Pei, The story of language, p.223
^ William Grimes, Eating your words, Oxford University Press, on Google books
^ Mark Morton, Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities, on Google books
^ AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine, January 8, 2007

[1] "Maccherone, Maccarone". Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana di Ottorino Pianigiani (in Italian). Retrieved February 24, 2007.

[2] Clifford A. Wright, referenced February 18, 2010

[3] μακαρία, (def. III), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library

[4] Macaroni, on Compact Oxford English Dictionary

[5] Macaroni, Online Etymology Dictionary

[6] Macaroni, on Webster's New World College Dictionary

[7] Andrew Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, Routledge, 2003, on Google books

[8] Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder

[9] Dhirendra Verma, Word Origins, on Google books

[10] Mario Pei, The story of language, p.223

[11] William Grimes, Eating your words, Oxford University Press, on Google books

[12] Mark Morton, Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities, on Google books

[13] AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine, January 8, 2007

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