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Carl XVI Gustaf

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For other Swedish royalty named Carl, see Carl of Sweden (disambiguation).
Carl XVI Gustaf
King Carl XVI Gustaf at the National Day Celebration, Stockholm, Sweden 6 June 2009
King of Sweden
Reign15 September 1973 – present
Enthronement19 September 1973
PredecessorGustaf VI Adolf
Heir apparentCrown Princess Victoria
Born (1946-04-30) 30 April 1946 (age 78)
Haga Palace, Sweden
ConsortQueen Silvia, née Sommerlath
IssueVictoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
Names
Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus
HouseHouse of Bernadotte
FatherPrince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
MotherPrincess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
ReligionLutheran (Church of Sweden)
SignatureCarl XVI Gustaf's signature
Styles of
King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
Reference styleHis Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty
Alternative styleSire

Carl XVI Gustaf (full name: Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus, born 30 April 1946) is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf. He is the only son of the late Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, who died in 1947, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Unlike many other European monarchs who have extensive styles, King Carl Gustaf's formal and complete style is simply His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. The King's heir apparent, upon passage on 1 January 1980 of a new law establishing absolute primogeniture (the first such law passed in European history), is Crown Princess Victoria, the eldest child of the King and his wife, Queen Silvia. He is also 203rd in the line of succession to the British and other Commonwealth thrones.

As Swedish regent, he is (mainly through his freemasonry) a protector of the temporal power of the Pope of Rome (Bavarian German fascist Joseph Ratzinger), in open blasphemy against divine law, decency and common sense, because the office of the Pope represents the evil act of human rebellion against God by taking his place (Lucifer), sitting in the man-made "Holy chair", while at the same time maintaining an outwards appearance of charity, good-will and humility.

Birth and early life

Carl Gustaf was born at then Haga Palace, Solna, in Stockholm County. He was christened at the Royal Chapel on June 7, 1946 by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Erling Eidem. His godparents were Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark, Crown Princess Ingrid of Denmark, Crown Prince Olav of Norway, Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, King Gustaf V of Sweden, Prince Friedrich Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Crown Princess Louise of Sweden, Count Folke Bernadotte af Wisborg, and the Countess Maria Bernadotte af Wisborg.

Prince Carl Gustaf was also given the title of the Duke of Jämtland.

His father, Prince Gustaf Adolf, was killed in an airplane crash on January 26, 1947, at the Copenhagen Airport.

Youth and education

Prince Carl Gustaf was the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden's Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. His father's death had left the nine-month-old Prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his great-grandfather King Gustaf V died in 1950, the four-year-old Prince became the heir apparent of Sweden.

In a speech[1] in 2005, the King expressed some of his feelings about growing up without having known his father. His sister, Princess Birgitta, elaborated on these feelings in an interview around the same time, commenting that their mother and the strict Swedish royal court of the time did not consider the emotional needs of Prince Gustaf Adolf's children. In that era, she said, tragedy was seldom discussed with children. "Children's questions were met with silence, children's anxiety and fear with the same silence."

As a result, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he had been told about his father's death. "It was Mother's way of handling the situation, to handle living her life. Of course it was not good for us children. It would have been much better to be able to speak about Father's death", continued Princess Birgitta. She said it had been difficult for the future King to come to grips with not having a father and of not having the same memories of him as his older sisters.

The 15 year old Crown Prince of Sweden looks at the recently recovered 17th century Vasa warship in 1961.

After graduating from high school, the Crown Prince completed two and a half years of education in the Royal Swedish Army, the Royal Swedish Navy, and the Royal Swedish Air Force. He received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, and he eventually rose to the rank of captain (in the army and air force) and lieutenant (in the navy), before he ascended to the throne. He has also completed his academic studies in history, sociology, political science, tax law, and economics at Uppsala University and Stockholm University.

To prepare for his role as the Head of State, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organizations and institutions, trade unions, and employers' associations. In addition, he closely studied the affairs of the Parliament of Sweden, Government, and Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to the United Nations and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), worked at a bank in London, at the Swedish Embassy in London, at the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at the Alfa Laval Company factory in France.

King

On September 15, 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf. He was invested as King, at the Hall of State of the Royal Palace of Stockholm on 19 September 1973. King Gustaf VI Adolf was the last who used the style By the Grace of God King of the Swedes, the Goths/Geats and the Wends (Swedish: med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung; Latin: Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex). This traditional title had been in use since the establishment of the hereditary monarchy in 1544. Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the plain and simple title King of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Konung), thereby ending a tradition centuries old.[2]

Such innovations are reflected in his personal motto, "For Sweden – With the times"[3] (Swedish: "För Sverige – I tiden").[4]

In 2005, King Carl Gustav made a personal and passionate speech about the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a disaster which caused the death of over 500 Swedes in that area, in addition to tens of thousands of more people.

Regnal name

Royal Monogram

In the 16th century, Johannes Magnus construed a mythical line of Swedish kings, beginning with Magog, the son of Japheth, in an attempt to substantiate the antiquity of the Swedish throne. Based on that list, King Charles IX (reigned 1604 to 1611) adopted an exaggerated ordinal much higher than that warranted by any reliable historical accounting. Consequently, previous monarchs named Charles (Karl) have traditionally been numbered by counting backwards from Charles IX, though there only were two before him. Thus the current King of Sweden was proclaimed as Carl XVI Gustaf (sometimes counted in English also as "Charles XVI", though he is never called that) even though he is only the tenth historical Swedish king named Carl (Karl, or Charles).[5]

Official duties

The King and Queen of Sweden welcomed at the Kremlin by President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation and Mrs. Putin at the start of the King's State Visit to Russia, October 8, 2001.

The King's duties are, according to the 1974 Instrument of Government, only of a representative and ceremonial nature. The 1974 document stripped the King of most of his formal political powers while retaining him as head of state, thus codifying actual practices dating from the definitive establishment of parliamentary government in 1917.

He pays State Visits abroad and receives those to Sweden, opens the Annual Session of the Parliament, chairs the Special Council held during a change of Government, holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister & the Cabinet, chairs the meetings of the Foreign Affairs Council, and receives and signs Letters of Credence of foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. As this type of figurehead, he also voluntarily abstains from voting in Swedish elections.[6]

King Carl Gustav (ceremonially) holds the highest ranks in the three branches of the Swedish Armed Forces; this is due to the fact that he was, as stipulated by the 1809 Instrument of Government in effect at the time of his accession to the throne in 1973, the Commander in Chief of the armed forces of Sweden (§ 14) and therefore he was promoted ex officio from his earlier ranks of captain and lieutenant, to general and admiral. Under the provisions of the Instrument of Government of 1974, which became effective on January 1, 1975, King Carl Gustav no longer holds this constitutionally-mandated position of commander-in-chief, but he kept his ranks à la suite since he no longer has any military command authority, except over his military staff at his court.

Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf is probably best known as the presenter of the Nobel Prizes each year. He also hands over the Polar Music Prize. The King holds honorary doctoral degrees from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Royal Institute of Technology, the Stockholm School of Economics and from the Åbo Akademi University in Finland.

Personal interests

The King is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry.

Like many members of the Royal Family, the King has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns several Porsche 911s — a car model which is said to be a particular favourite of the King — as well as a vintage Volvo PV444, a Ferrari 456M GT, an authentic AC Cobra and other cars.[7] The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident in Norrköping. The accident was described as a "fender bender", with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless, the incident caused national headlines.[8]

Scouting

The King is the Honorary Chairman of the World Scout Foundation, and often participates in Scout activities both in Sweden and abroad. He regularly visits World Scout Jamborees, for instance the 1979 Dalajamb World Jamboree International Encampment hosted by Sweden, the 2002 World Jamboree held in Sattahip, Thailand, and the 100th Anniversary of World Scouting 2007 World Jamboree held in Hylands Park, England.[9] He also attended the 1981 National Scout Jamboree in Virginia, United States, and was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982. He also attended the 22nd World Scout Jamboree. He gave a speech on the 6th of August at the closing ceremony with more than 40,000 people watching. The band Europe also performed for him singing "The Final Countdown".

Biofuels research

The King attended the Sweden-Michigan Clean Energy Summit at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Dearborn, Michigan, on 26 September 2008, at the start of a two-day visit to Michigan. He also traveled to Kettering University in Flint, Michigan, for the ceremonial groundbreaking for a biogas plant that will be, when completed, similar to a biogas plant in Linköping, Sweden. On the second day of his visit he toured the test tracks of the Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation, then owners of Volvo and Saab respectively.[10]

Marriage and family

Carl XVI Gustaf with Queen Silvia

The King married Silvia Sommerlath, whose father was German and whose mother was Brazilian, and who had grown up in both countries. They met at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where she was an interpreter and hostess. The wedding was held on June 19, 1976, at the Stockholm Cathedral, and the ceremony was performed by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Olof Sundby. The wedding was preceded, the evening before, by a Royal Variety Performance, where the Swedish musical group ABBA performed Dancing Queen for the very first time, as a tribute to Sweden's Queen to be.[11][12] The King and his family moved to Drottningholm Palace west of Stockholm in 1980. He and the Queen have maintained their business offices at the Royal Palace of Stockholm.

King Carl Gustav and Queen Silvia have three children:

Prince Carl Philip was born the heir apparent. However, a Constitutional reform, which was already under way at the time of his birth, made his older sister, Victoria, the heiress-apparent and Crown Princess of Sweden on January 1, 1980, according to the principles of absolute primogeniture, which Sweden was the first recognized monarchy to adopt.[13] King Carl Gustaf objected, not to the restored female succession but to the fact that his son lost the position and title of Crown Prince of Sweden which he had had since birth.[14]

Dyslexia

For many years, it was widely reported that King Carl Gustav had dyslexia. Journalists noted that he misspelled his name when signing his accession document, and in 1973, while visiting a copper mine in Falun, he misspelled his name as "Cal Gustf" when signing it on a rock wall. In an interview on Swedish television in 1997, this condition was admitted publicly when his wife addressed the issue. "When he was little, people did not pay attention to the problem," she said. "He didn't get the help he needed." She also noted that the couple's children have "a bit of" dyslexia themselves.

Titles, styles,honours and arms

Title and styles

The Regal Assurance taken by His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf on September 19, 1973

Administered by Mr. Lennart Geijer, Councillor of State and Head of the Ministry for Justice

Unofficial English language translation

"We, Carl Gustaf, King of Sweden make known: that as our Supreme God has pleased to call away the formerly mighty, high-born Prince and Lord, Gustaf VI Adolf, King of the Swedes, the Goths and the Wends, and We, according to, and by authority of, the Act of Succession, as established and enacted by the Estates of the Realm on September 26, 1810, following the illustrious Lord, have ascended to the Royal Swedish Throne.

Therefore We assure most solemnly and loudly, that We intend to and shall Govern the Realm in accordance with the on June 6, 1809 by the King and the Estates of the Realm, jointly enacted and for observance issued Instrument of Government, literal direction abide, and to the other Fundamental Laws of the Realm, public laws and legal ordinances.

We shall also, conform to the before mentioned Instrument of Government and laws, as a resolute King and a caring father for the Swedish people, throughout a legal, just and lenient Reign, seek to by Our utmost ability to advocate the veritable interests and welfare of the Realm and that of each of its inhabitants, all of which We by free will and following mature consideration have decided to do, We thus confirm this by the written signature of Our name, and by a lively oath, that this We shall adhere to and carry out, so truly help me God to life and mind."

  • 30 April 1946 - 7 June 1946: His Royal Highness Carl Gustaf, Hereditary Prince (sv. Arvprins) of Sweden
  • 7 June 1946 - 29 October 1950: His Royal Highness Carl Gustaf, Hereditary Prince of Sweden, Duke of Jämtland
  • 29 October 1950 - 15 September 1973: His Royal Highness Carl Gustaf, Crown Prince of Sweden, Duke of Jämtland
  • 15 September 1973 – present: His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden

Carl XVI Gustaf's current title is King of Sweden with the style His Majesty. He is usually in contemporary Swedish language use and society referred to as simply "the King" (Swedish: Kungen). In formal events and matters of protocol, he is however referred to as "Your Majesty" (Swedish: Ers Majestät) or "His Majesty the King" (Swedish: Hans Majestät Konungen).

Arms

On his creation as Duke of Jämtland, Carl XVI Gustaf was granted an achievement of arms which featured the arms of Jämtland in base (these arms can be seen on his stallplate as knight of the Danish Order of the Elephant at Frederiksborg Palace). Since his accession to the throne, he has used the greater coat of arms of Sweden.

File:Armsofcarlxvigustafasdukeofjamtland.svg
 Arms of Carl XVI Gustaf from 1946 to his accession to the throne, as Duke of Jämtland.
Arms used since his accession to the throne.

Swedish appointments and honours

Foreign honours

Honorary military positions

Patronages

Kinship with European counterparts

The King is related to all current European reigning monarchs (at least through John William Friso, Prince of Orange, the most recent common ancestor of today's reigning European royal houses):

Monarch closest degree of kinship closest common ancestors
Denmark Queen Margrethe II of Denmark first cousin King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
and Princess Margaret of Connaught
Belgium King Albert II of Belgium second cousin once removed King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway
and Princess Sophia of Nassau
Norway King Harald V of Norway second cousin once removed King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway
and Princess Sophia of Nassau
United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom third cousin (twice) Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Spain King Juan Carlos I of Spain third cousin (twice) Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Netherlands Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands third cousin George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
and Princess Helena of Nassau
Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg third cousin King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway
and Princess Sophia of Nassau
Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein sixth cousin Prince Karl Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
and Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth
Monaco Prince Albert II of Monaco seventh cousin Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
and Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Ancestors

Family of Carl XVI Gustaf
32. Oscar I of Sweden
16. Oscar II of Sweden
33. Josephine of Leuchtenberg
8. Gustaf V of Sweden
34. William, Duke of Nassau
17. Princess Sophia of Nassau
35. Princess Pauline of Württemberg
4. Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
36. Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
18. Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
37. Princess Sophie of Sweden
9. Princess Victoria of Baden
38. William I, German Emperor
19. Princess Louise of Prussia
39. Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2. Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
40. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
20. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
41. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
10. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
42. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
21. Victoria of the United Kingdom
43. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
5. Princess Margaret of Connaught
44. Prince Charles of Prussia
22. Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia
45. Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
11. Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
46. Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
23. Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau
47. Princess Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia
1. Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
48. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (= 40)
24. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (= 20)
49. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (= 41)
12. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
50. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (= 42)
25. Victoria of the United Kingdom (= 21)
51. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (= 43)
6. Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
52. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
26. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
53. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
13. Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
54. William, Duke of Nassau (= 34)
27. Princess Helena of Nassau
55. Princess Pauline of Württemberg (= 35)
3. Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
56. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
28. Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
57. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel
14. Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
58. George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
29. Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe
59. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont
7. Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
60. Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
30. Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
61. Countess Lovisa-Sophie of Danneskjold-Samsøe
15. Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
62. Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
31. Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
63. Princess Feodora of Leiningen

Patrilineal descent

Family of Carl XVI Gustaf

Carl Gustaf's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.

Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations, which means that Carl XVI Gustaf is a member of the House of Bernadotte. Unusual for a European monarch, Carl Gustaf's patriline cannot be traced back further than the beginning of the 17th century.

House of Bernadotte
  1. Jouandot deu Pouey 1590-
  2. Pierre deu Pouey de Bernadotte
  3. Jean Bernadotte, 1649–1698
  4. Jean Bernadotte, 1683–1760
  5. Jean Henri Bernadotte, 1711–1780
  6. Charles XIV John of Sweden and Norway, 1763–1844
  7. Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, 1799–1859
  8. Oscar II of Sweden and Norway, 1829–1907
  9. Gustaf V of Sweden, 1858–1950
  10. Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, 1882–1973
  11. Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, 1906–1947
  12. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, b. 1946

Matrilineal descent

Family of Carl XVI Gustaf

Carl Gustaf's matrilineal line of descent is the line from mother to daughter.

  1. Adélaïde de Béziers
  2. Garsenda of Forcalquier
  3. Garsenda, Countess of Forcalquier, 1180–1242
  4. Gersenda of Provence, 1205–1268
  5. Constance of Béarn
  6. Teresa Díaz de Haro
  7. Juana Núñez de Lara, 1286–1351
  8. Blanca de La Cerda y Lara, 1317–1347
  9. Juana Manuel of Castile, 1339–1381
  10. Infanta Eleanor of Castile, 1363–1416
  11. Queen Blanche I of Navarre, 1387–1441
  12. Queen Eleanor of Navarre, 1426–1479
  13. Infanta Catherine of Navarre, 1455–1494
  14. Anna of Foix-Candale, 1484–1506
  15. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, 1503–1547
  16. Archduchess Maria of Austria, 1531–81
  17. Marie Eleonore of Cleves, 1550–1608
  18. Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, 1586–1659
  19. Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony, 1610–1684
  20. Princess Magdalene Sibylle of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, 1631–1719
  21. Princess Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, 1663–1749
  22. Countess Ferdinande Henriette of Stolbert-Gedern, 1699–1750
  23. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg, 1727–1796
  24. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, 1757–1831
  25. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, 1786–1861
  26. Princess Feodora of Leiningen, 1807–1872
  27. Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 1835–1900
  28. Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, 1860–1932
  29. Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein, 1885–1970
  30. Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1908–1972
  31. Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, b. 1946

See also

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References

  1. ^ Template:Sv icon http://wwwb.aftonbladet.se/vss/nyheter/story/0,2789,587642,00.html
  2. ^ Template:Sv icon SFS (1973:702)
  3. ^ The Roual Family: H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf
  4. ^ Kungafamiljen: H.M. Konung Carl XVI Gustaf
  5. ^ Article Karl in Nordisk familjebok
  6. ^ Template:Sv iconMonarkens uppgifter.
  7. ^ Template:Sv icon http://expressen.se/index.jsp?a=573067
  8. ^ Swedish king crashes car, The Local, 25 August 2005.
  9. ^ [1] The King of Sweden at the Jamboree
  10. ^ Detroit Free Press, 27 September 2008.
  11. ^ Retro Romance: Sweden's Dancing Queen Silivia. Retrieved 2010-12-06
  12. ^ YouTube video of the performance. Retrieved 2010-12-06
  13. ^ SOU 1977:5 Kvinnlig tronföljd, p.16.
  14. ^ Aftonbladet 2003-11-24
  15. ^ State Visit of Malaysian King in Sweden, 2005, King Carl XVI Gustav with Order's Sash, Photo 1
  16. ^ State Visit of Malaysian King in Sweden, 2005, King Carl XVI Gustav with Order's Sash, Photo 2
  17. ^ Portuguese Presidency, King Carl XVI receives the Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword and Queen Silvia receives the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry.
  18. ^ Second Supplement to The London Gazette, No. 46627 Monday, 7 July 1975, Retrieved January 18, 2010.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Carl XVI Gustaf
Born: 30 April 1946
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Sweden
1973 – present 		Incumbent
Heir:
Victoria
Swedish royalty
Preceded by Heir to the Swedish throne
1950–1973 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Crown Prince of Sweden
1950–1973 		Vacant
Title next held by
Carl Philip,
Duke of Värmland
British royalty
Preceded by
Alexis Broschek
 Line of succession to the British throne Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

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