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CSeries
Display model of the CSeries
Role Narrow-body jet airliner
National origin Canada
Manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace
First flight slated for December 2012[1]
Introduction slated for the end of 2013 (CS100)
Status In development

The Bombardier CSeries is a family of narrow-body, twin-engine, medium-range jet airliners being developed by Canadian manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace. Models are the 110-seat CS100, and the 130-seat CS300. These were initially named C110 and C130, respectively.

The first flight was initially planned for the second half of 2012. In March 2012 Bombardier declared that the first flight is slated for December 2012.[2] In February 2012, first delivery remains scheduled for the end of 2013.[3]

Development

Background

During the demise of Fokker, Bombardier considered purchasing the company in order to gain access to their Fokker 100 100-seat short-haul aircraft. They eventually decided against a purchase and ended discussions in February 1996.[4]

The Bombardier BRJX, or "Bombardier Regional Jet eXpansion", was a project for a larger regional jet than the Canadair Regional Jet. Instead of 2–2 seating, the BRJX was to have a wider fuselage with 2–3 seating, and underwing engine pods. It was projected to seat 80 to 120 passengers, abutting the smallest narrow-body jetliners, like the 2–3 DC-9/MD-80/Boeing 717 or the 3–3 A318/737-500/737-600. The project was shelved by Bombardier in favour of stretching the CRJ700 into the CRJ900.

It was not long after that the 80-seat Embraer E-170 came to market, followed by the 110-seat E-195. Both models became bestsellers, and Bombardier had no product to compete with them at the "high end".

CSeries

In July 2004, Bombardier announced the development of the CSeries family of airliners to replace the cancelled BRJX project. The CSeries would be larger than the current Canadair Regional Jets, and capable of carrying 110 to 130 passengers. For the first time, Bombardier would be competing directly with the smallest size airliners from Boeing and Airbus. At the time, Bombardier expected the aircraft to be available by 2013.

In March 2005, Bombardier's board decided to promote the plane to airlines to gather advance orders. Two models were announced: the C110 with layouts from 100-125 seats, and the C130 with layouts from 120-145 seats. The CSeries would feature new, more fuel-efficient engines and a higher percentage of composite materials in its fuselage,[5] a strategy similar to that used on the widebody Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A350.

The aircraft were designed to seat passengers in a 2-3 arrangement in coach and a 2–2 arrangement in business/first class, similar to the Boeing 717. With the 2-3 arrangement, 80% of the seats would be aisle or window seats, as opposed to 'middle' seats (seats set between two other passengers' seats). The aircraft would have under-wing turbofans. The CSeries' cross section was designed to give enhanced seating comfort for passengers, with features like broader seats and armrests for the middle passenger and larger windows at every seat to give every passenger the physical and psychological advantages of ample natural light.

In May 2005, Bombardier secured agreements with the Federal Government of Canada, the Provincial Government of Quebec, and the Government of the United Kingdom for support and loans for the CSeries project. The Canadian government has committed US$350 million in financing; the British government has committed US$300 million. The program will cost about $3.5 billion, and Bombardier will share the cost with suppliers and governments.[6]

The fuselage will be built by China Aviation Industry Corp. I (AVIC I)' affiliate Shenyang Aircraft Corporation.[5] Final assembly of the aircraft was to be at Mirabel Airport, Mirabel, outside Montreal, Quebec.[7] Substantial portions of the aircraft were to be constructed at Bombardier facilities in Belfast, Northern Ireland.[8]

On 31 January 2006, Bombardier announced it would not go forward with plans to develop the CSeries after it failed to secure any significant orders. Bombardier stated it would keep a small team of roughly 50 employees working on the CSeries marketing plan, and including other risk sharing partners in the program.[9][10] With the CSeries on hold, Bombardier announced on 18 February 2006 that it would begin work on the 100-seat CRJ1000 regional jet.

Restarting programme

On 31 January 2007, Bombardier announced that work on the aircraft would continue.[11] In November 2007, Bombardier announced that the Pratt & Whitney Geared Turbofan (now PW1000G) would be the exclusive powerplant for the CSeries.[12] On 22 February 2008, Bombardier Aerospace announced that its parent company's Board of Directors had granted it the authority to offer formal sales proposals of the CSeries family to airline customers.[13]

On 13 July 2008, in a press conference on the eve of the opening of the Farnborough Airshow, Bombardier Aerospace announced the launch of the CSeries, with a letter of interest for 60 aircraft (including 30 options) from Lufthansa. The final assembly of the aircraft would be done at a new assembly facility to be built beside the existing one where the CRJ700 and CRJ900 are assembled in Mirabel, north of Montreal.[14] Ghafari Associates will work on redeveloping the Montreal manufacturing site to accommodate CSeries production.[15] The CSeries aircraft will use the Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion avionics suite, an integrated cockpit system made up of 15 inch displays, with comprehensive navigation, communications, surveillance, engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS), and aircraft maintenance systems.[16]

The CSeries is designed for the 100- to 149-seat market category. Bombardier estimated this market to be 19,333 aircraft,[17] representing more than $250 billion revenue over the next 20 years. Bombardier expects to be able to capture up to half of this market with the CSeries, currently projected to enter service in 2013.[18] First flight for the CSeries is expected in 2012.[19] The CSeries would feature a five-abreast cabin with larger windows and overhead luggage bins.

Mongolian airline Eznis Airways has a letter of interest for seven CSeries.[20] Qatar Airways had previously been in talks with Bombardier, but broke off talks after disagreeing on terms.[21] An unnamed lessor was understood to be in talks for 40 aircraft.[22] On 11 March 2009, Bombardier announced their first firm orders for the CSeries. Lufthansa, who originally had signed a letter of interest for 60 aircraft, firmed up an order for 30. The aircraft will be operated by Lufthansa subsidiary Swiss European Air Lines.[23]

In March 2009, Bombardier also announced that the C110 and C130 were being redesignated CS100 and CS300, respectively.[24] On 30 March 2009, Bombardier inked the second CSeries order, with airliner lessor Lease Corporation International (LCI) of Dublin, Ireland ordering 3 CS100s and 17 CS300s, becoming the launch customer of the latter.[25] LCI also hold options for a further 20 aircraft.[26]

In January 2010, JP Morgan released a report stating Bombardier are considering a 150-seat version of the CSeries. Bombardier called the report speculative, noting that the CSeries development program "is in the joint definition phase where we will be able to add greater product definition and that includes the ability to make changes before the final design is frozen".[27]

Republic Airways Holdings ordered 40 CS300 aircraft with options for an additional 40 in February 2010.[28] In March 2010, easyJet stated that the company is having “ongoing discussions with Bombardier regarding CSeries.[29] In December 2009, United Airlines expressed interest in using the CS100 and CS300 for replacing the now retired 737-300 and 737-500 aircraft.[30] But no plans or orders have been made by United Airlines as of December 2011.

Bombardier Aerospace announced the sale of up to 30 CS300 aircraft to Asian launch customer, Korean Air, at the Paris Air Show.

On 1 June 2011 Braathens Leasing Limited in Sweden announced that they had placed a firm order for five CS100 and five CS300. It also took options on ten more aircraft. With this new deal, Bombardier has now secured 100 firm orders for the CSeries.[31] On 7 June 2011, Bombardier announced that an unnamed airline had placed a firm order for three CSeries airplanes, with options for three more.[32] On 20 June 2011, Bombardier announced it had secured a launch customer for the CS100 at the Paris Air Show. The undisclosed airline signed a firm order for 10 aircraft with an option for six more.[33] On 21 June 2011, Korean Air announced that they will purchase 10 CS300 plus an additional 10 options and 10 purchasing rights on CS300, signing a LOI which was converted to a firm order on 29 July 2011.[34][35] On 24 June 2011, the last day of the Paris Show 2011, Bombardier reached a last minute deal with an undisclosed European carrier that will purchase 10 CS100.[36] On 17 August 2011, at the MAKS Airshow, Bombardier announced a deal with Ilyushin Finance for up to 30 CSeries aircraft.[37] Atlasjet announced plans on 15 November 2011 to purchase 10 CS300 aircraft with options for another plus five.[38]

The CSeries programme has several major suppliers including, Shenyang Aircraft (centre fuselage), Alenia Aeronautica (horizontal and vertical stabilisers), Fokker Elmo (wiring and interconnection systems), C&D Zodiac (interiors), Parker Hannifin (fuel and hydraulics systems), Goodrich (flap and slat actuation systems, as well as engine nacelles), and Rockwell Collins (avionics).[39][40] Deliveries of the CS100 are expected to start in 2013, and CS300 deliveries are to follow a year later.[41]

Design

Three view of the Bombardier CSeries with lateral view of both CS100 and CS300

The Bombardier CSeries aircraft contain features similar to those found in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A350 aircraft. These include higher usage of composite materials, a lower cabin altitude and larger windows.[42]

The CSeries cabin would also have large, rotating overhead storage bins, allowing each passenger to stow a sizeable carry-on bag on board.[42] Compared to the cabins of current in-service narrowbody aircraft, the CSeries is to provide airlines with the highest overhead bin volume per passenger and a wider aisle that would allow for faster boarding and disembarkation of passengers.[42]

The CSeries aircraft contain 70% advanced materials comprising 46% composite materials and 24% aluminium-lithium which allows for a 15% lower seat-mile cost and a significant reduction in maintenance costs.[43] Computer software design tools were used on the project, including CATIA and HyperSizer, and similar technology employed in the Learjet 85.[44]

Orders

Date Airline Transportation Firm EIS Type
CS100 CS300 Options
9 January 2009 Eznis Airways[20] TBD (7)
10 March 2009 Lufthansa (for Swiss European Air Lines)[45][46] 2014 30 30
30 March 2009 LCI[47] TBD 3 17 20
25 February 2010 Republic Airways Holdings[28] Q2 2015 40 40
1 June 2011 Braathens (for Malmö Aviation)[48] 2014 5 5 10
7 June 2011 Undisclosed[49] TBD 3 3
20 June 2011 Undisclosed[33] 2013[50] 10 6
24 June 2011 Odyssey Airlines[36][51] TBD 10
29 July 2011 Korean Air[35] 2014 10 20
17 August 2011 Ilyushin Finance[37] TBD (3) (7) (20)
15 November 2011 Atlasjet[52] Q1 2016 (10) (5)
19 January 2012 PrivatAir[53] TBD 5 5
Sub-totals 66 (+3) 72 (+17) 134 (+25)
Totals 138 (+27)
Numbers in brackets are intended as LOI.

Specifications

CS100 CS100ER CS300 CS300XT CS300ER
Passengers 125 (1-class, dense)
110 (1-class, standard)
100 (2-class, mixed) 		145 (1-class, dense)
130 (1-class, standard)
120 (2-class, mixed)
Seat Pitch 30 in (76 cm) (1-class, dense)
32 in (81 cm) (1-class, standard)
36 in (91 cm) & 32 in (81 cm) (2-class, mixed)
Seat Width 19 in (48 cm)
Flight crew 2 (pilot, co-pilot)
Length 34.9 m (115 ft) 38.0 m (124.7 ft)
Wingspan 35.1 m (115 ft)
Wing Area (net) 112.3 m2 (1,209 sq ft)
Tail height 11.5 m (38 ft)
Cabin width 3.27 metres (129 in)
Cabin height 2.13 metres (84 in)
Fuselage max diameter 3.7 m (12 ft)
Max takeoff weight 54,931 kg (121,102 lb) 58,151 kg (128,201 lb) 59,557 kg (131,301 lb) 63,095 kg (139,101 lb)
Max landing weight 50,576 kg (111,501 lb) 55,339 kg (122,002 lb)
Cargo Volume 23.2 m3 (820 cu ft) 30 m3 (1,100 cu ft)
Max range 4,074 km (2,200 nmi) 5,463 km (2,950 nmi) 4,074 km (2,200 nmi) 5,463 km (2,950 nmi)
Max cruise speed Mach 0.82 (870 km/h, 470 kn, 541 mph)
Typical cruise speed Mach 0.78 (828 km/h, 447 kn, 514 mph)
Take off run at MTOW 1,509 m (4,951 ft) 1,902 m (6,240 ft) 1,661 m (5,449 ft) 1,890 m (6,200 ft)
Landing field length 1,350 m (4,430 ft) 1,448 m (4,751 ft)
Service ceiling 12,497 m (41,001 ft)
Engines 2 x Pratt & Whitney PW1500G
Thrust per Engine 93.4 kN (21,000 lbf) 103.6 kN (23,300 lbf) 93.4 kN (21,000 lbf) 103.6 kN (23,300 lbf)
  • Notes: Data is preliminary and may change. ER = Extended Range, XT = Extra Thrust.
  • Sources: CSeries Family[54]

See also

Graphical comparison between comparable aircraft, based on the number of seats.
In blue the CSeries, in grey similar in-production aircraft and in orange similar in project-phase aircraft.

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

  1. ^ Scott Deveau (March 7, 2012). "First flight of Bombardier CSeries set for December — or January". Financial Post. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  2. ^ CSeries ‘On Track’ for First Flight in Second-Half of 2012. AINonline
  3. ^ UPDATE 1-Bombardier satisfied with C-Series orders, CEO says Reuters
  4. ^ "Bombardier Ends Talks With Fokker". allbusiness.com
  5. ^ a b Bombardier Plans New Jetliner, Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2008, p. B3
  6. ^ Tomesco, Frederic (November 9, 2009). "Bombardier's Beaudoin Sees Further Aerospace Cutbacks (Update2)". Bloomberg.com.
  7. ^ Bombardier rejects KC, will build plant in Canada, Kansas City Star, July 13, 2008
  8. ^ Bombardier unveils 'greenest' passenger jet
  9. ^ Bombardier
  10. ^ "Bombardier Shelves $2.1 Billion Aircraft Program (Update6)". Bloomberg. 31 January 2006.
  11. ^ CSeries Program Update
  12. ^ Bombardier opts for geared turbofan for CSeries
  13. ^ Bombardier Grants Authority to Offer CSeries
  14. ^ "Bombardier Launches CSeries Aircraft Program". Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  15. ^ "Bombardier awards contract to Ghafari to redevelop CSeries Aircraft Manufacturing Complex". ATW Online. 2010-08-16. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
  16. ^ "Bombardier Selects Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion(TM) for CSeries". Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  17. ^ Shalom, François (October 15, 2009). "Boeing bristles over CSeries". The Montreal Gazette.
  18. ^ Bombardier launches C Series aircraft programme
  19. ^ Bombardier officially begins construction of Belfast CSeries site
  20. ^ a b Flightglobal (2009-01-09). "PICTURE: Mongolia's Eznis signs letter of interest for CSeries". Retrieved 2012-03-23.
  21. ^ CSeries talks 'in the freezer': Qatar Airways
  22. ^ CSeries questions remain despite Lufthansa firm deal
  23. ^ Ionides, Nicholas. "Lufthansa board approves order for 30 CSeries aircraft". Air Transport Intelligence news, 11 March 2009.
  24. ^ Kirby, Mary. "Bombardier makes tweaks to CSeries specs". Air Transport Intelligence news, 11 March 2009.
  25. ^ Lessor LCI orders 20 CSeries including first CS300s Accessed 17 April 2009.
  26. ^ International Aircraft Leasing | Key Facts | LCI Aviation
  27. ^ Talk of 150-seat CSeries in the fray following analyst report
  28. ^ a b ATI: Republic orders 40 CSeries and options 40 more
  29. ^ Airbus Weighs Costs, Rivals’ Advances in Engine Upgrade Choice - Businessweek
  30. ^ UAL Considers CSeries To Replace 737s. AVIATION WEEK, 10 Dec 2009.
  31. ^ Corporate > Media Centre > Press Releases
  32. ^ Keenan, Greg (2011-06-07). "Bombardier books new order for C-series jets". The Globe and Mail. Toronto.
  33. ^ a b Susanna Ray and Rachel Layne (20 June 2011). "Bombardier CSeries Gets Deal While Qatar Goes on Hold". Bloomberg.
  34. ^ "Korean Air to Acquire up to 30 Bombardier CSeries Aircraft". Reuters. 21 June 2011.
  35. ^ a b "Korean Air Converts Letter of Intent to Firm Order for Bombardier CSeries Aircraft". Bombardier. July 29, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  36. ^ a b Gates, Dominic (24 June 2011). "Bombardier's new CSeries: hanging in there at the Paris Air Show". The Seattle Times.
  37. ^ a b "MAKS: Ilyushin Finance plans to take up to 30 CSeries". Flight Global. August 17, 2011.
  38. ^ "Bombardier inks deal to sell 10 CSeries jets to Turkish airline". 15 November 2011.
  39. ^ Majority of CSeries supplier contracts already awarded
  40. ^ Bombardier - China
  41. ^ CSeries poised for design freeze as joint definition phase concludes
  42. ^ a b c Aerospace > Products > Commercial Aircraft > CSeries
  43. ^ Aerospace > Products > Commercial Aircraft > CSeries
  44. ^ Karen Wood (1 November2010). "Learjet 85 composite pressurized cabin a cost cutter". Composites World. High-Performance Composites. Retrieved 22 August 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ "Lufthansa Group Signs Purchase Agreement with Bombardier for up to 60 CSeries Aircraft". Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  46. ^ Financial post: Bombardier finally lands CSeries
  47. ^ "Lease Corporation International Group Orders 20 Bombardier CSeries Jetliners with Options to Purchase a Further 20". Bombardier. March 30, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  48. ^ Corporate > Media Centre > Logos and guidelines
  49. ^ "UPDATE 2-Bombardier gets second CSeries order in a week". Reuters. 7 June 2011.
  50. ^ "Major Network Carrier Places Firm Order for 10 CSeries Aircraft; Will Take First CS100 Aircraft Delivery". 20 June 2011.
  51. ^ Peter Myers and Tim Hepher (12.19.2011). Reuters (ed.). "New airline plans London City-NY link". Retrieved 19th December 2011. {{cite news}}: |editor= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  52. ^ "Bombardier sells 10 CS300 jetliners to Turkish airline". 15 November 2011.
  53. ^ "Bombardier Signs PrivatAir for up to 10 CSeries Aircraft". Bombardier. 19 January 2012.
  54. ^ Bombardier CSeries page
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