Elections in Hungary
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Elections in Hungary are held at two levels: general elections to elect the 386 members of the National Assembly (from 2014 onwards, the number of National Assembly members will be decreased to 199 according to the Act CVIII of 2011), and local elections to elect local authorities.
General elections
The National Assembly (Országgyűlés) has 386 members, elected for a four-year term. 176 members are elected in single-seat constituencies, 152 by proportional representation in multi-seat (or Regional seat) constituencies and there are 58 so-called compensation seats (or National list seats). For the latter two, an election threshold of 5% is in effect. Or in case of two parties' joint list, the threshold is 10%, in case of three or more parties: 15%.
General elections in Hungary were held in two rounds until 2010, with a second, run-off round taking place two weeks after the first. From 2014 a one round system will replace the formerly existing system.
First round
In the first round, each voter may cast
- one vote for one candidate running for the seat in the single-seat constituency of his/her residence;
- one vote for a party list established in the multi-seat constituency of his/her residence.
After the polls close:
- The result in single-seat constituencies where voter turnout was below 50% is declared invalid, and all candidates for the first round enter the second round.
- Any single-seat constituency where turnout was over 50% and one candidate received over 50% of the votes is won by that candidate, and no second round takes place.
- In all remaining single-seat constituencies (i.e., where turnout exceeded 50% but no candidate received over 50% of votes), the candidates who finished the first three plus any more candidates having received at least 15% of votes may enter the second round (a kind of runoff voting).
- The result for multi-seat constituencies where the turnout was over 50% is produced. (If this means all multi-seat constituencies, the parties passing the election threshold can already be determined together with the distribution of the seats from the multi-seat constituencies.)
Second round
In the second round, each voter may cast
- one vote for one candidate still standing in the single-seat constituency (if the seat wasn't won in the first round);
- one vote for a party list in the multi-seat constituency (if the first round was invalid due to insufficient turnout).
After the polls close:
- Any seats in single-seat constituencies where turnout was below 25%, or where the first two candidates received an equal number of votes, will remain vacant.
- All other single-seat constituencies will be won by the candidate who received the most votes.
- The result of multi-seat constituencies where turnout was below 25% is declared invalid, and the seats from that constituency are added to the compensation seats.
- The parties passing the threshold are identified based on multi-seat constituencies with a valid result. Seats from these constituencies are distributed.
- Parties having passed the threshold are eligible for the compensation seats; these are distributed based on
- the sum of votes remaining in the multi-seat constituencies after the distribution of the seats, plus
- the sum of votes cast for losing candidates of each party in the first valid round of each single-seat constituency (similar to the scorporo system). (Since the first valid round is taken into account, votes are still counted for a candidate who is eliminated in the first round, or who steps down after a valid first round in favour of another candidate with more chances to win the second round.)
Changes in the electoral system from 2014 onwards
- one round system instead of the two round system
- no 50%, nor 25% turnout is necessary (formerly 50% turnout was needed for the first round and 25% for the second round)
- 199 seats (decreased from 386)
- 106 constituency seats (decreased from 176, increased from 45.6% to 53.3% of all seats)
- 93 national list seats, including minority list seats (decreased from 210 regional- and national list seats, decreased from 46.7% to 54.4% of all seats)
- 5% threshold still exists in case of national list, and 10% in case of two parties' joint list, 15% in case of three or more parties' joint list.
- Minorities, that could not reach the 5% threshold (out of all minority list votes, not out of all votes) or could not get at least one seat, will be able to send a minority spokesman to the National Asembly from 2014, who has right only to speak but not to vote. Note, that getting one seat out of the 93 is much harder for minorities, than reaching the 5% threshold out of the minority votes, because one seat means a little bit more than 1% of all the national and minority lists. This minority spokesman solution gives the opportunity to minorities to speak in the National Assembly even if they cannot gain the approximately 1% of all votes.
- Pre-registration will be necessary, which will be available in local municipalities or on internet. Registration will be opened in September and closed in March or April 2 weeks before the elections. Registration is valid for the general elections, local elections and any by-elections in the following term (normally 4 years).
nomination of candidates
- general requirement: at least 18 year old, Hungarian citizen
- for constituency seats: at least 1000 proposal coupons
- national list: parties, that have set candidates in at least 27 constituencies (out of the 106) in at least 9 county (out of 19) and Budapest
- minority list: minority councils can set minority lists without restrictions
voting
- Hungarian citizens with Hungarian residence
- one vote for the national list of a party
- one vote for a constituency candidate
- Hungarian citizens without Hungarian residence
- one vote for the national list of a party
- Hungarian citizens with Hungarian residence registered as minority voter
- one vote for a constituency candidate
- one vote
- either for the national list of a party
- or for a minority list
by-election
By-election is an election held to fill a constituency seat that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections. In case of the vacancy of a national list seat, the next person on the list that is still interested, gets to the National Assembly. This rule has not changed. Note, that by-elections from 2012 are held according to the new system, so only one round is held and no minimum turnout is needed, while the constituencies are the same until 2014.
Latest general elections
The most recent general elections (2010) in the country resulted in an overwhelming majority win for the conservative opposition party Fidesz (which gained a 2/3 supermajority by winning the 68% of the seats (52.7% of the votes)), as well the dramatic rise of the far-right newcomers Jobbik (12.2% of seats, 16.7% of votes), who were just 2.5% short of the former ruling Hungarian Socialist Party (15.3% of seats, 19.3% of votes).
The green liberal, social progressivist Politics Can Be Different (4.1% of seats, 7.5% of votes) was also newcomer, while the liberal conservative formerly parlamentary Hungarian Democratic Forum (2.7% of votes) could not achieve the 5% threshold, and the formerly parlamentary (and also member of the coalition government before 2009) Alliance of Free Democrats was not able to run on the election because of the large decrease of popularity.
This election has changed the balance of power in the National Assembly of Hungary the most significantly since the end of the communist one-party system, as two brand new political forces could have got to the National Assembly while two formerly parliamentary parties fell out and the support of previous ruling party had significantly decreased (from 48.2% to 15.3% of seats, from 40.3% to 19.3% of votes).
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All 386 seats to the Országgyűlés 194 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 64.38% (first round) 46.66% (second round) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the election. A darker shade indicates a higher vote share. Proportional list results are displayed in the top left. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 11 and 25 April 2010 to elect the members of the National Assembly.[1] They were the sixth free elections since the end of the communist era. 386 Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected in a combined system of party lists and electoral constituencies.[2] Electoral law in Hungary requires candidates to gather 500 signatures from citizens supporting their candidacy.
In the first round of the elections, the conservative party Fidesz won the absolute majority of seats, enough to form a government on its own. In the second round, the alliance of Fidesz and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) won enough seats to achieve a two-thirds majority required to modify major laws and the country's constitution.
Background
Fidesz's landslide victory was a result of massive dissatisfaction with the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), which had been in government since 2002. One event that provoked an especially strong backlash was the revelation that the MSZP's Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister from 2004 to 2009, had admitted in a private speech to party members that he had lied to the general public during the previous election campaign to help his party win re-election. The Őszöd speech, as it came to be called, surfaced in the press during the autumn of 2006 and resulted in nationwide protests.
Polls
The Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) entered a limited electoral cooperation agreement after polls suggested that they would be unlikely to make it into parliament independently.[3] In March 2010, polls also indicated that parliament after the election would likely be dominated by Fidesz, polling at 53–67% that month, followed by either the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party at 12–22% or newcomer Jobbik (Movement for a Better Hungary) at 11–18%.[4][5]
Opinion polls
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Election Party preferences in percentage (What percentage of eligible voters would have voted for the party) | |||||||||||
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Agency | Date | Fidesz | MSZP | Jobbik | MDF | LMP | SZDSZ | KDNP | Other | ||
Medián[6] | 25 November 2009 | 66 | 19 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | n/a | 1 | ||
Tárki[7] | 25 November 2009 | 68 | 17 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | n/a | ||
Századvég-Forsense[8] | 26 November 2009 | 59 | 20 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 1 | n/a | 3 | ||
Tárki[9] | 16 December 2009 | 63 | 19 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 1 | n/a | n/a | ||
Századvég-Forsense[10] | 21 December 2009 | 64 | 17 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | n/a | 4 | ||
Medián[11] | 25 December 2009 | 61 | 23 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | n/a | 3 | ||
Szonda Ipsos[12] | 17 January 2010 | 63 | 21 | 12 | 2 | n/a | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Forsense[13] | 21 January 2010 | 59 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Medián[14] | 21 January 2010 | 65 | 19 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 0 | n/a | 2 | ||
Századvég-Kód[15] | 26 January 2010 | 59 | 23 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | n/a | ||
Tárki[16] | 27 January 2010 | 62 | 22 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | n/a | n/a | ||
Szonda Ipsos[17] | 12 February 2010 | 58 | 22 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | ||
Századvég-Kód[18] | 18 February 2010 | 58 | 23 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - | - | ||
Forsense[19] | 22 February 2010 | 59 | 18 | 14 | 2 | 5 | 0 | n/a | 1 | ||
Medián[20] | 24 February 2010 | 63 | 18 | 15 | 2 | 1 | n/a | n/a | 1 | ||
Tárki[21] | 3 March 2010 | 61 | 22 | 11 | 2 | 3 | n/a | n/a | 1 | ||
Szonda Ipsos[22] | 11 March 2010 | 57 | 20 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Nézőpont Intézet[23] | 14 March 2010 | 53 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 2 | n/a | n/a | 0 | ||
Medián[24] | 17 March 2010 | 57 | 21 | 18 | 1 | 2 | n/a | n/a | 1 | ||
Szonda Ipsos[25] | 18 March 2010 | 64 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 5 | n/a | n/a | 3 | ||
Gallup[26] | 25 March 2010 | 67 | 15 | 14 | 1 | 4 | n/a | n/a | 0 | ||
Századvég-Kód[27] | 29 March 2010 | 59 | 16 | 17 | 3 | 3 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Controversies
The European Parliament elections of 2009 in Hungary saw the rise of right-wing and far-right parties. This trend was covered negatively by some foreign media outlets that feared the rise of intolerance and xenophobia in the country.[28] In addition, Fidesz Member of Parliament Oszkár Molnár was accused of antisemitism after saying "I love Hungary, I love Hungarians, and I prefer Hungarian interests to global financial capital, or Jewish capital, if you like, which wants to devour the whole world, but especially Hungary." He later said that it was only a response to a speech by President of Israel Shimon Peres in which Peres said that his country aims to "colonise" Hungary when he spoke of Israel's investments abroad, and claimed that Israel was "buying out Manhattan, Poland, Hungary...."[29][30] Jobbik leader Gábor Vona, also stirred up controversy with allegations of chauvinism by saying "Hungary is for Hungarians" and must be defended against "foreign speculators".[citation needed] Molnár also claimed that the language of instruction in Jerusalem schools was Hungarian and they were "learning the language of their future homeland". His party at the time, Fidesz, did not denounce his statement but simply said it was "embarrassing". Adding that he would not even consider ousting Molnar from his party or parliamentary faction, as the remark "did not violate the party's bylaws".[31] However, in 2010 he was excluded from the Fidesz, due to these remarks. Instead of him, a Lebanese-origin doctor, Pierre Daher became the Fidesz candidate.[original research?] Molnár also claimed that pregnant Roma women deliberately try to induce birth defects so they can give birth to "fools to receive higher family subsidies. I have checked this and it’s true; they hit their bellies with a rubber hammer so that they’ll give birth to handicapped kids." In 2011, he denounced Roma women at the Hungarian police authorities.[32]
Another Fidesz parliamentarian, Ilona Ékes, wrote to the police to ban a gay pride event in Budapest, saying that homosexuality was a mental illness and demonstrators would scandalise people, as they did in previous years, when homosexual activists imitated sexual intercourse on stage and other activists were allegedly blasphemous.[33][34] According to Ékes, the demonstrations would harm youngsters, whose school season was to start on the same day.[clarification needed][35]
A Hungarian analyst was cited as saying Fidesz tolerates such provocative rhetoric from its members because of fears they would vote for Jobbik instead.[citation needed]
Foreign interference
Former Jobbik MEP Krisztina Morvai wrote an open letter to Eleni Tsakopoulos Kounalakis, the United States Ambassador to Hungary, alleging foreign interference after the ambassador visited the headquarters of three major parties but not that of Jobbik.[36]
Results
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s_2010_gy%C5%91ztes_egy%C3%A9ni_jel%C3%B6ltek_els%C5%91_fordul%C3%B3.png/200px-Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s_2010_gy%C5%91ztes_egy%C3%A9ni_jel%C3%B6ltek_els%C5%91_fordul%C3%B3.png)
██ = majority won by Fidesz-KDNP (119)
██ = plurality, Fidesz-KDNP (56)
██ = plurality, MSZP (1)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s_2010_m%C3%A1sodik_helyezett_egy%C3%A9ni_jel%C3%B6ltek_p%C3%A1rt%C3%A1ll%C3%A1sa.png/200px-Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s_2010_m%C3%A1sodik_helyezett_egy%C3%A9ni_jel%C3%B6ltek_p%C3%A1rt%C3%A1ll%C3%A1sa.png)
██ = MSZP (112)
██ = Jobbik (60)
██ = Somogyért Szövetség (1)
██ = Fidesz-KDNP (1)
██ = independent candidate (2)
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Party | Proportional | SMCs (first round) | SMCs (second round) | Seats | |||||||||||
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | National | Total | +/– | ||||
Fidesz–KDNP | 2,706,292 | 52.73 | 87 | 2,732,965 | 53.43 | 119 | 620,232 | 53.81 | 53 | 3 | 262 | +99 | |||
Hungarian Socialist Party | 990,428 | 19.30 | 28 | 1,088,374 | 21.28 | 0 | 326,361 | 28.31 | 2 | 29 | 59 | –131 | |||
Jobbik | 855,436 | 16.67 | 26 | 836,774 | 16.36 | 0 | 141,415 | 12.27 | 0 | 21 | 47 | +47 | |||
Politics Can Be Different | 383,876 | 7.48 | 5 | 259,220 | 5.07 | 0 | 43,437 | 3.77 | 0 | 11 | 16 | +16 | |||
Hungarian Democratic Forum | 136,895 | 2.67 | 0 | 72,768 | 1.42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –11 | ||||||
Civil Movement | 45,863 | 0.89 | 0 | 34,938 | 0.68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||||
Hungarian Workers' Party | 5,606 | 0.11 | 0 | 5,668 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Social Democratic Party of Hungary | 4,117 | 0.08 | 0 | 3,156 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||||
Unity Party | 2,732 | 0.05 | 0 | 3,422 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||||
Hungarian Justice and Life Party | 1,286 | 0.03 | 0 | 2,345 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Hungarian Democratic Forum–Alliance of Free Democrats | 12,652 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||||
Fidesz–KDNP–Entrepreneurs' Party | 10,661 | 0.21 | 0 | 8,796 | 0.76 | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | ||||||
Association for Somogy | 7,470 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –1 | |||||||||
Hungarian Democratic Forum–Összefogás Megyénkért | 4,052 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||||
Torgyán-Kisgazda-Koalíció | 3,079 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | |||||||||
Green Left | 1,425 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | |||||||||
Magyarok Egymásért Szövetsége | 1,027 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New | |||||||||
Forum of Hungarian Gypsy Organizations Roma Co-operation Party | 491 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Independent Smallholders Party | 381 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Independents | 33,702 | 0.66 | 0 | 12,452 | 1.08 | 1 | – | 1 | +1 | ||||||
Total | 5,132,531 | 100.00 | 146 | 5,114,570 | 100.00 | 119 | 1,152,693 | 100.00 | 57 | 64 | 386 | 0 | |||
Valid votes | 5,132,531 | 99.27 | 5,114,570 | 98.93 | 1,152,693 | 99.39 | |||||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 37,908 | 0.73 | 55,428 | 1.07 | 7,118 | 0.61 | |||||||||
Total votes | 5,170,439 | 100.00 | 5,169,998 | 100.00 | 1,159,811 | 100.00 | |||||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 8,034,394 | 64.35 | 8,034,394 | 64.35 | 2,486,111 | 46.65 | |||||||||
Source: National Election Office, Election Resources |
Party list results by county
County[37][38] | Fidesz-KDNP | MSZP | Jobbik | LMP | MDF | Others | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bács-Kiskun | 60.45 | 14.62 | 15.70 | 5.58 | 2.23 | 1.43 | |||
Baranya | 54.53 | 21.07 | 12.68 | 8.90 | 2.83 | – | |||
Békés | 53.20 | 18.45 | 19.21 | 5.21 | 2.05 | 1.89 | |||
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén | 45.87 | 18.90 | 27.20 | 4.20 | 1.84 | 1.98 | |||
Budapest | 46.32 | 25.33 | 10.84 | 12.81 | 4.70 | – | |||
Csongrád | 50.72 | 20.38 | 15.93 | 7.66 | 2.57 | 2.75 | |||
Fejér | 54.16 | 17.91 | 16.20 | 6.96 | 2.69 | 2.07 | |||
Győr-Moson-Sopron | 59.68 | 16.87 | 12.57 | 6.32 | 2.95 | 1.60 | |||
Hajdú-Bihar | 57.92 | 14.04 | 18.86 | 5.05 | 2.34 | 1.78 | |||
Heves | 45.78 | 21.02 | 24.97 | 6.04 | 2.19 | – | |||
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok | 49.42 | 17.88 | 24.01 | 5.65 | 2.13 | 0.91 | |||
Komárom-Esztergom | 51.31 | 23.39 | 13.76 | 8.37 | 3.17 | – | |||
Nógrád | 51.84 | 20.39 | 20.82 | 5.57 | – | 1.37 | |||
Pest | 52.90 | 17.58 | 16.52 | 8.35 | 2.75 | 1.89 | |||
Somogy | 59.63 | 19.74 | 14.23 | 6.39 | – | – | |||
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | 53.84 | 14.84 | 23.64 | 2.86 | 1.81 | 3.01 | |||
Tolna | 58.68 | 17.88 | 15.44 | 5.45 | 2.54 | – | |||
Vas | 62.77 | 16.96 | 12.09 | 6.37 | – | 1.81 | |||
Veszprém | 56.79 | 18.81 | 14.66 | 7.15 | 2.59 | – | |||
Zala | 57.21 | 16.85 | 16.91 | 5.80 | 2.65 | 0.58 | |||
Total | 52.73 | 19.30 | 16.67 | 7.48 | 2.67 | 1.16 |
Turnout
All times are CEST.
7:00 | 9:00 | 11:00 | 13:00 | 15:00 | 17:30 | Overall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.61% | 10.23% | 24.78% | 35.88% | 46.78% | 59.28% | 64.36% |
7:00 | 9:00 | 11:00 | 13:00 | 15:00 | 17:30 | Overall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.36% | 8.50% | 19.37% | 27.11% | 33.54% | 41.89% | 46.52% |
Post-election controversies
Four Jobbik MPs—Gábor Staudt, Gergő Balla, Zsolt Endrésik and Péter Schön—were removed from their committees because they had failed a vetting procedure that asked whether any MP's maintain contact with groups that engage in "activities that deny the basic principles of a state governed by the rule of law." Staudt, a co-founder of the Magyar Gárda Society—that was banned in 2007—had been on the national security committee, while the other three were on the defence and law enforcement committees. Staudt reacted in saying he found the result to be unconstitutional, and that he would file a criminal report with the interior minister against Defence of the Constitution Office director general László Balajti. The four would, however, continue to be MPs.[40]
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- ^ "Átirányítási figyelmeztetés". Google.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ Gábor, Czene (29 August 2009). "Ékes Ilona, a melegek "gyógyítója"". Nol.hu. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ "Krisztina Morvai's letter to the American ambassador to Hungary". Esbalogh.typepad.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ "Területi választókerületi eredmények".
- ^ "A pártok területi listáinak eredményei országos összesítésben".
- ^ a b "Informative Data on the Number and Proportion of Those Turning out at the Parliamentary Elections". Valasztas.hu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ "Four Hungarian Jobbik MPs Fail Security Test - Xpatloop.com - Expat Life In Budapest, Hungary - Current affairs". Xpatloop.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Notes
- ^ Mesterházy was selected as the MSZP's Prime Minister candidate on 12 December 2009, but was not leader of the party until July 2010.
External links
- NSD - European Election Database - Hungary Archived 2014-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
Composition of the National Assembly since 1990
1990–1994: |
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1994–1998: |
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1998–2002: |
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2002–2006: |
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2006–2010: |
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2010–2014: |
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Figure shows the inaugural session of the terms. Later few changes can happen. For example in 1993, the nationalist-radicalist members of MDF quit the party and founded the MIÉP which had got to the National Assmbly only once in 1998. In 2011 some MSZP members quit the party led by former prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány and founded the DK.
Prime ministers and their governments since 1989
Parties MSZMP / MSZP Fidesz MDF Independent
# | Picture | Name | From | Until | Political Party | Cabinet | Assembly (Election) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:Template:Hungarian Socialist Party/meta/color; color:white"| — | Miklós Németh (Provisional) |
23 October 1989 | 23 May 1990 | MSZP | Németh MSZP |
— | |
style="background:Template:Hungarian Democratic Forum/meta/color; color:white"| 35 | József Antall | 23 May 1990 | 12 December 1993 (died) |
MDF | Antall MDF–FKGP–KDNP |
1 (1990) | |
rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Hungarian Democratic Forum/meta/color; color:white"| 36 | ![]() |
Péter Boross (acting) |
12 December 1993 | 21 December 1993 | MDF | Boross MDF–FKGP–KDNP | |
Péter Boross | 21 December 1993 | 15 July 1994 | |||||
style="background:Template:Hungarian Socialist Party/meta/color; color:white"| 37 | ![]() |
Gyula Horn | 15 July 1994 | 8 July 1998 | MSZP | Horn MSZP–SZDSZ |
2 (1994) |
style="background:Template:Fidesz/meta/color; color:white"| 38 | ![]() |
Viktor Orbán | 8 July 1998 | 27 May 2002 | Fidesz | Orbán I Fidesz–FKGP–MDF |
3 (1998) |
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"|39 | File:Medgyessypéter.JPG | Péter Medgyessy | 27 May 2002 | 29 September 2004 (resigned) |
Independent | Medgyessy MSZP–SZDSZ |
4 (2002) |
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Hungarian Socialist Party/meta/color; color:white"|40 | ![]() |
Ferenc Gyurcsány | 29 September 2004 | 9 June 2006 | MSZP | Gyurcsány I MSZP–SZDSZ | |
9 June 2006 | 14 April 2009 (resigned) |
Gyurcsány II MSZP–SZDSZ[1] |
5 (2006) | ||||
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"|41 | ![]() |
Gordon Bajnai | 14 April 2009 | 29 May 2010 | Independent | Bajnai MSZP[2] | |
style="background:Template:Fidesz/meta/color; color:white"|(38) | ![]() |
Viktor Orbán | 29 May 2010 | Incumbent | Fidesz | Orbán II Fidesz–KDNP |
6 (2010) |
1 SZDSZ left the Gyurcsány II Cabinet on 20 April 2008 and supported it externally.
2 The Bajnai Cabinet was supported externally by SZDSZ.
Local elections
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008) |
Elections for mayors and municipalities (Hungarian: Helyi önkormányzati választások) occur every four years in the autumn following the general elections. On the local elections, the following are elected:
in Budapest
- lord mayor of Budapest
- mayor of the districts of Budapest
- members of the city Council of Budapest
- members of the district Council
in the counties:
- mayor of the cities, towns, villages
- members of the county Council
- members of the city/town/village Council
The chairman of the county council is elected by the members of the council, unlike the lord mayor of Budapest, which is elected directly.
Latest local elections
The last but one election of local authorities took place in 2006 amidst the protests and demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány.
Presidential elections
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010) |
The President of Hungary, who has a largely ceremonial role under the country's constitution, is elected by the members of the National Assembly to serve for a term of five years (maximum two times), and has to quit their political party (if they have one) in order to be impartial and able to express the unity of the nation (so the "Political Party" column refers to their party membership, prior to becoming president).
Presidents of Hungary:
# | Picture | Name | From | Until | Political party | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
File:Szuros matyas.jpg | Mátyás Szűrös | 18 October 1989 | 2 May 1990 | Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) | interim president
(until the formation of the first freely elected National Assembly) | |
style="background-color:Template:Alliance of Free Democrats/meta/color; color:white" | 1 | File:Goncz arpad.jpg | Árpád Göncz | 2 May 1990 | 4 August 2000 | Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) | president of the republic |
2 | ![]() |
Ferenc Mádl | 4 August 2000 | 5 August 2005 | Non-partisan | president of the republic |
3 | ![]() |
László Sólyom | 5 August 2005 | 6 August 2010 | Non-partisan | president of the republic |
style="background-color:Template:Fidesz/meta/color; color:white" | 4 | ![]() |
Pál Schmitt | 6 August 2010 | 2 April 2012 (resigned) |
Fidesz | president of the republic |
style="background-color:Template:Fidesz/meta/color; color:white" | | ![]() |
László Kövér | 2 April 2012 | 10 May 2012 | Fidesz | acting president |
style="background-color:Template:Fidesz/meta/color; color:white" | 5 | ![]() |
János Áder | 10 May 2012 | Incumbent | Fidesz | president of the republic |
Parties Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) Fidesz
The non-partisan Ferenc Mádl had been elected by the Fidesz-FKgp-MDF government in 2000, while the also non-partisan László Sólyom (former President of the Constitutional Court) had been elected president as the opposition Fidesz's and MDF's candidate in 2005. The minor party of the coalition government (SZDSZ) did not support the superior coalition government party's (MSZP) candidate, therefore Mr. Sólyom could win as an opposition candidate.
European Parliament elections
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2011) |
Since the EU expansion to Romania and Bulgaria, Hungary delegates 22 members to the European Parliament based on the Nice treaty. Any EU citizens with residence in Hungary have the right to vote for a party-list. In case of the EU elections there are no constituency votes.
The latest EP election in Hungary took place on 7 June, 2009, which was the second one at all, after the 2004 EP election, which took place on 13 June, 2004, bit more than a month after the EU expansion to 10 Eastern European countries.
Results:
Parties | Votes 2004 | % 2004 | Seats 2004 | Votes 2009 | % 2009 | Seats 2009 | Difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Party | European party | |||||||
![]() |
EPP | 1,457,750 | 47.40 | 12 | 1,632,309 | 56,36 | 14 | +2 |
File:Insignia Hungary Political Party MSZP.svg Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) | PES | 1,054,921 | 34.30 | 9 | 503,140 | 17,37 | 4 | -5 |
File:Insignia Hungary Political Party Jobbik.svg Jobbik | none | did not run | - | - | 427,773 | 14,77 | 3 | +3 |
File:Insignia Hungary Political Party MDF.svg Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) | ECR | 164,025 | 5.33 | 1 | 153,660 | 5.31 | 1 | 0 |
Politics Can Be Different (LMP)[2] | none | did not exist | - | - | 75,522 | 2.61 | 0 | - |
![]() |
ELDR | 237,908 | 7.74 | 2 | 62,527 | 2.16 | 0 | -2 |
Hungarian Communist Workers' Party (Munkáspárt) | none[3] | 56,221 | 1.83 | 0 | 27,817 | 0.96 | 0 | 0 |
Gypsy Alliance Party (MCF) | none | did not run | - | - | 13,431 | 0.46 | 0 | - |
Total (turnout 36,31%)[4] | 3,075,450 | 100.0 | 24 | 2,896,179 | 100.0 | 22 | ||
Source: Valasztas.hu |
See also
References
- ^ Common list with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) in the 2009 election
- ^ Common list with the Humanist Party (HP)
- ^ The Hungarian Communist Workers' Party left the European Left in May
- ^ In the previous election in 2004 turnout was 38.5%