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Emmanuelle Charpentier

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Emmanuelle Charpentier
Emmanuelle Charpentier, August 2015
Born (1968-12-11) December 11, 1968 (age 55)
Juvisy-sur-Orge, France
NationalityFrance
Alma materPierre and Marie Curie University
Pasteur Institute
Known forCRISPR[1]
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsUniversity of Vienna
Umeå University
Max Planck Society
Websitewww.emmanuelle-charpentier-lab.org

Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier (born 11 December 1968) is a professor and researcher in microbiology, genetics and biochemistry.[1] Since 2015 she is the Director of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology.

Education

Born in 1968 in Juvisy-sur-Orge in France. Her father was a park manager, and her mother, worked as psychiatrist. Charpentier studied biochemistry, microbiology and genetics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) in Paris.[2] She was graduate student at the Institut Pasteur from 1992 to 1995, and was awarded a research doctorate.

Career and research

The Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin, Germany

Charpentier worked as a University Teaching Assistant at UPMC in Paris from 1993 to 1995 and as a post-Doc at the Institut Pasteur from 1995 to 1996. She moved to the US and worked as post-Doc at the Rockefeller University in New York from 1996 to 1997. She worked as Assistant Research Scientist at the New York University Medical Center from 1997 to 1999 and in 1999 held the position of Research Associate at the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine in New York from 1999 to 2002.[2]

After five years, she returned to Europe and became lab head and guest Professor at the Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna from 2002 to 2004. From 2004 till 2006 she was lab head and assistant Professor at the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology. In 2006 she became private docent (Microbiology) and received her habilitation at the Centre of Molecular Biology. From 2006 to 2009 she worked as lab head and associate Professor at the Max F. Perutz Laboratories.[2]

She moved to Sweden and became lab head as well as associate Professor at the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), at Umeå University. She held these positions from 2009 till 2014, and was promoted to lab head as visiting Professor in 2014. She moved to Germany to act as department head and W3 Professor at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Braunschweig and the Hannover Medical School from 2013 till 2015. 2014 she became an Alexander von Humboldt Professor.[2]

In 2015 Charpentier accepted an offer from the German Max Planck Society to become scientific member and director at the new Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin.[2] Charpentier retained her position as visiting professor at Umeå University, where a new donation from the Kempe Foundations and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation has given her the opportunity to offer more young researchers positions within research groups of the MIMS Laboratory.[3]

CRISPR-Cas9

Charpentier is best known for her role in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 immune system and repurposing it into a tool for genome editing. In particular she uncovered the mechanism beyond the maturation of non-coding RNA key for the CRISPR-Cas9 function.[4] In collaboration with Jennifer Doudna's laboratory, Charpentier's laboratory showed that Cas9 could be used to make cuts in any DNA sequence desired.[5][6] The method they developed involved the combination of Cas9 with easily created synthetic "guide RNA" molecules. Researchers worldwide have employed this method successfully to edit the DNA sequences of plants, animals, and laboratory cell lines.

Awards

Charpentier has been awarded several international prizes, awards and acknowledgements, including the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, the Gruber Foundation International Prize in Genetics and the Leibniz Prize, Germany's most prestigious research prize. Also, in the Spring of 2015, Time Magazine designated Charpentier one of the 100 most influential people in the world (together with Jennifer Doudna).[7] In spring 2017 she was elected foreign associate in The United States National Academy of Sciences[8]

She has won the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award jointly with Jennifer Doudna and Francisco M. Mojica, whose pioneering work has ignited “the revolution in biology permitted by CRISPR/Cas 9 techniques.” These tools facilitate genome modification with an unprecedented degree of precision, and far more cheaply and straightforwardly than any previous method. Not unlike today’s simple, intuitive word processing programs, CRISPR/Cas 9 is able to “edit” the genome by “cutting and pasting” DNA sequences: a technology so efficient and powerful that it has spread like wildfire round the laboratories of the world, explains the jury, “as a tool to understand gene function and treat disease.”

Awards and honours

References

  1. ^ a b Abbott, Alison (2016). "The quiet revolutionary: How the co-discovery of CRISPR explosively changed Emmanuelle Charpentier's life". Nature. 532 (7600): 432–434. doi:10.1038/532432a. PMID 27121823.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Charpentier, Emmanuelle - Vita". Max Planck Society. Retrieved 3 Mai 2017. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ "Emmanuelle Charpentier - Regulation in Infection Biology - FUNDING". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  4. ^ Deltcheva E, Chylinski K, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA, Eckert MR, Vogel J, Charpentier E (2011). "CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III". Nature. 471 (7340): 602–607. doi:10.1038/nature09886. PMC 3070239. PMID 21455174.
  5. ^ "CRISPR Therapeutics, About us". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  6. ^ "A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity". Science. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  7. ^ "Emmanuelle Charpentier named in Time magazine's '100 most influential people in world' list". Umeå University. 2015-04-13. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  8. ^ "National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected". National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  9. ^ "Eric K. Fernström's Prize to Emmanuelle Charpentier". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. 2011-06-09. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Alexander von Humbolt sponsorship". Humboldt Foundation. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  11. ^ "Göran Gustafsson Prize for Emmanuelle Charpentier". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  12. ^ "MIMS group leader Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Dr. Paul Janssen Award for discoveries of CRISPR-Cas9". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award". Umeå University. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  14. ^ "Umeå University, press releas: Emmanuelle Charpentier honored with Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences". Umeå University. 2014-11-10. Retrieved 15 June 2015. (shared with Jennifer Doudna)
  15. ^ "The 11th ISTT Prize jointly awarded to Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier". Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Foundation Louis-Jeanet: "The 2015 Louis-Jeantet Prize-Winners"". Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  17. ^ Mary-Claire King. "Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". TIME. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  18. ^ "Laureates 2015 – Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier". Jung-Stiftung für Wissenschaft und Forschung. May 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ The Hansen Family Award
  20. ^ "YaleNews: Gruber Foundation honors excellence in neuroscience, cosmology, and genetics". Yale University. 2015-06-16. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  21. ^ "Umeå University EC Jubilee Award 2015". Umeå University. 2015-06-24. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  22. ^ "Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Carus Medal". Helmholtz Centre for Infection research. 2015-09-07. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  23. ^ Massry winners helped launch gene editing revolution
  24. ^ "Three new members elected to the Academy". The Royal Swedish Academy of Science. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  25. ^ http://www.mims.umu.se/groups/emmanuelle-charpentier/cv-charpentier.html
  26. ^ http://www.mims.umu.se/news-events/1768-france-is-celebrating-emmanuelle-charpentier-during-the-l-oreal-unesco-week-in-paris.html
  27. ^ "Leibniz Prizes 2016: DFG Honours Ten Researchers". Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  28. ^ "Canada Gairdner International Award". Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  29. ^ "Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 2016".
  30. ^ Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Biopharmaceutical Science>>2016 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science
  31. ^ "The 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award goes to Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". Human Frontier Science Programme. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  32. ^ http://www.wilhelmexner.org/liste_001.html
  33. ^ Japan Prize 2017
  34. ^ Albany Medical Center Prize 2017
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