Allied leaders of World War I
Appearance
The Allied leaders of World War I consist of the political and military figures that fought for or supported the Allies during World War I.
- Nicholas II[2] – Last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.
- Alexander Kerensky[3] - Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government
- Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich[4] – Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy in the Caucasus
- Ivan Goremykin – Prime Minister (1914–1916)
- Boris Stürmer – Prime Minister (1916)
- Alexander Trepov – Prime Minister (1916–1917)
- Vladimir Sukhomlinov - Minister of War (1909-1915)
- Mikhail Alekseyev - Commander of Southwestern Front (1914), Northwestern Front (1915) and Chief of Staff (1915-1917)
- Alexander Samsonov[5] – Commander of the Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Paul von Rennenkampf[6] – Commander of the First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Nikolay Ivanov[7] – Commander of the Russian army on the Southwestern Front, responsible for much of the action in Galicia
- Aleksei Brusilov[8] – Commander of the south, then provisional Commander-in-Chief after the Tsar's abdication
- Lavr Kornilov - Commander of the South-West Front and Commander-in-Chief (August 1917)
- Aleksey Kuropatkin - Commander of the Northern Front
- Nikolai Ruzsky - Commander of the Northern Front
- Nikolai Yudenich – Commander of the Russian forces in the Caucasus Campaign
- Andrei Zayonchkovski - Commander of the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in the Romanian Campaign
- Mikhail Diterikhs - Commander of the Russian Expeditionary Force at the Macedonian Front
- Dmitry Shcherbachev - Russian Army General
- Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Chief of the Imperial Russian Air Service
- Andrei Eberhardt – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1914–16)
- Alexander Kolchak – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1916–17)
- Nikolai Essen – Commander of Baltic Fleet (1913–1915)
- Raymond Poincaré[9] – President of France (1913–1920)
- René Viviani – Prime Minister of France (1914–1915)
- Aristide Briand – Prime Minister of France (1915–1917)
- Paul Painlevé - Prime Minister of France (1917)
- Georges Clemenceau – Prime Minister of France (1917-1920)
- Joseph Joffre[10] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1914-1916); Marshal of France from the end of 1916
- Ferdinand Foch[11] – Commander of French Army Group North (1914-1916), Commander-in-chief and Generalissimo of the Allied Armies (1918); Marshal of France from August 1918
- Robert Nivelle[12] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1917)
- Philippe Pétain[13] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1917-1918); Marshal of France from November 1918
- Maxime Weygand - General in the French Army and one of the Permanent Military Representatives in the Allied Supreme War Council
- Maurice Sarrail – Commander of the Allied Army of the Orient on the Macedonian Front (1915-1917)
- Adolphe Guillaumat - Commander of the Allied Army on the Macedonian Front (1917-1918)
- Louis Franchet d'Espèrey - Commander of Allied Army on the Macedonian Front and in the Liberation of Serbia (1918)
- Joseph Gallieni – Military Governor of Paris and Minister of War (1915–1916)
- Marie-Eugène Debeney - General of the First Army and Chief of Staff to Philippe Pétain
- Henri Mathias Berthelot - General of French Military Mission in Romania and the Fifth Army
- Noël Èdouard de Castelnau - Commander of Central Army Group (1915) and Eastern Army Group (1918)
- Émile Fayolle - Commander of Army Group Center (1917), French divisions to the Italian Front (1917-1918) and the Army Group Reserve (1918)
- Jean César Graziani - Commander of the Italian 12th Army in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto
- Milan Rastislav Štefánik – Commander of Czechoslovak Legions
- King George V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Empire
- H. H. Asquith – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (until 1916)[14]
- David Lloyd George – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
- Herbert Kitchener – Secretary of State for War (1914–1916)
- William Robertson - Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1916-1918)
- Douglas Haig – Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (1915–1918)
- John French - Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (1914–1915) and Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces (1915–1918)
- Henry Wilson – Advisor of John French and Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1918-1922)
- Archibald Murray - Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (1914-1915), Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1915) and Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1916-1917)
- Edmund Allenby – Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917-1918)
- John Jellicoe – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1914–1916), First Sea Lord (1916–1917)
- Winston Churchill – First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-1915)
- David Henderson – Director-General of Military Aeronautics (1913–1917)
- Henry Rawlinson – British General in the Battle of the Somme and Battle of Amiens
- George Milne – Commander of the British forces at the Salonika Front
- Ian Hamilton - Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Gallipoli Campaign
- Reginald Wingate – Commander of the British forces in the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
- Hastings Ismay – Commander of the British forces in the Somaliland Campaign
- Stanley Maude - Commander during the Mesopotamian Campaign
- Andrew Fisher – Prime Minister of Australia (to 27 October 1915)
- Billy Hughes – Prime Minister of Australia (from 27 October 1915)
- Edward Millen – Minister for Defence (to 17 September 1914)
- George Pearce – Minister for Defence (from 17 September 1914)
- Jens Jensen – Minister for the Navy (1915-1917)
- Joseph Cook – Minister for the Navy (from 17 February 1917)
- William Birdwood – Commander of the Australian Imperial Force
- John Monash – Commander of the Australian Corps (1918)
- William Holmes – Commander of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (1914–1915)
- Harry Chauvel – Commander of Desert Mounted Corps (1917-1919)
- Robert Borden – Prime Minister of Canada (1911-1920)
- Sam Hughes – Minister of Militia and Defence (1911-1916)
- Albert Edward Kemp - Minister of Militia and Defence (1916-1917) Minister of Overseas Military Forces of Canada (1917-1918)
- Joseph Flavelle – Chairman of Imperial Munitions Board (1915–1919)
- Edwin Alderson - Commander of the Canadian Corps (1915-1916)
- Julian Byng - Commander of the Canadian Corps (1916-1917)
- Arthur Currie - Commander of 1st Canadian Division (1915-1917) and Canadian Corps (1917-1919)
- Lord Hardinge – Viceroy of India (1910–1916)
- Lord Chelmsford – Viceroy of India (1916–1921)
- Robert Crewe-Milnes – Secretary of State for India (1911-1915)
- Austen Chamberlain – Secretary of State for India (1915-1917)
- Edwin Samuel Montagu – Secretary of State for India (1917-1922)
- Beauchamp Duff - Commander-in-Chief, India (1914-1916)
- Charles Monro - Commander-in-Chief, India (1916-1920)
- John Nixon - Commander in the British Indian Army
- Louis Botha – Prime Minister of South Africa
- Jan Smuts – Commander in the South-West Africa Campaign and in the East African Campaign (1916-1917)
- Jacob van Deventer - Commanded the Union Defence Force and later all forces of the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force in the East African Campaign (1917-1918)
- William Massey – Prime Minister of New Zealand
- Alexander Godley – Chief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1910-1914) and The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (1914-1918)
- Alfred William Robin – Quartermaster-General and Chief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1914-1919)
- Andrew Hamilton Russell – Commander of the New Zealand Division
- Edward Morris – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
- John Crosbie – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1917–1918)
- William Lloyd – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1918–1919)
- Peter I[15] – King of Serbia
- Crown Prince Alexander – Regent, Commander-in-Chief
- Nikola Pašic – Prime Minister
- Radivoje Bojović – Minister of War (1914–1915)
- Radomir Putnik – Commander-in-Chief of the Serbian Army
- Živojin Mišić - Deputy Chief of General Staff (1914), Commander of First Army (1914–1915; 1917) and Chief of General Staff (1918)
- Petar Bojović - Commander of First Army (1914), Deputy Chief of General Staff (1915–1916), Chief of General Staff (1916–1917) later Commander of First Army (1918)
- Stepa Stepanovic – Commander of Second Army (1914–1918)
- Pavle Jurišić Šturm - Commander of Third Army (1914–1916)
- Nikola I - King of Montenegro
- Janko Vukotić - Prime Minister and Commander of the 1st Army
- Božidar Janković - Chief of Staff of the Montenegrin Supreme Command
- Andrija Radović - Prime Minister in Exile (1916-1917)
- Krsto Popović - General during the Montenegrin Campaign
- Albert I of Belgium[16] – King of the Belgians and Commander-in-chief
- Charles de Broqueville – Prime Minister (1911–1918)
- Gérard Cooreman – Prime Minister (1918)
- Félix Wielemans – Deputy Chief of Staff (1914) and Chief of Staff (1915-1917)
- Cyriaque Gillain – Chief of Staff (1918)
- Gérard Leman – General commanding the defense of Liège
- Théophile Figeys – General in the Hundred Days' Offensive
- Charles Tombeur – Commander of the colonial Force Publique in the East African theater
- Victor Emmanuel III[17] – King of Italy
- Antonio Salandra - Prime Minister of Italy (1914-1916)
- Paolo Boselli - Prime Minister of Italy (1916-1917)
- Vittorio Orlando – Prime Minister of Italy (1917-1919)
- Luigi Cadorna – Chief of Staff of the Italian Army (1914-1917)
- Armando Diaz – Chief of Staff of the Italian Army (1917-1919)
- Emanuele Filiberto - Commander of the Third Army
- Luigi Capello - Commander of several Army Corps and later the Second Army in 1917
- Gaetano Giardino - Commander of several Army Corps and close advisor to Armando Diaz
- Mario Nicolis di Robilant - Commander of the Fourth Army and representative to the Allied Supreme War Council
- Ernesto Mombelli – Italian commander on the Macedonian Front
- Paolo Thaon di Revel – Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Navy
- Alfredo Acton – Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy
- Luigi Amedeo – Commander-in-Chief of the Adriatic Fleet of Italy
- Maurizio Moris – Head of Italian military aviation
- Ferdinand I – King of Romania
- Ion I. C. Brătianu – Prime Minister of Romania (1914-1918)
- Alexandru Averescu – Prime Minister of Romania (1918) and Commander of the 2nd Army, 3rd Army, then Army Group South
- Constantin Prezan – Chief of the General Staff of Romania
- Vintilă Brătianu – Secretary of War
- Eremia Grigorescu – Commander of the 1st Army
- Woodrow Wilson[18] – President of the United States
- Thomas R. Marshall[19] – Vice President of the United States
- Newton D. Baker – Secretary of War
- Josephus Daniels – Secretary of the Navy
- Tasker H. Bliss – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1917-1918)
- Peyton C. March – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1918)
- John J. Pershing[20] – Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces
- William Sims – Commander of all American naval forces in Europe
- Yoshihito[21] – Emperor of Japan
- Okuma Shigenobu – Prime Minister of Japan (1914-1916)
- Terauchi Masatake – Prime Minister of Japan (1916-1918)
- Kamio Mitsuomi - Commander of the Army during the Siege of Tsingtao
- Kato Sadakichi - Commander of the Second Fleet during the Siege of Tsingtao
- Kōzō Satō – Commander of the Second Special Task Fleet in the Mediterranean
- Constantine I – King of Greece (1913–1917)
- Alexander of Greece - King of Greece (1917-1920)
- Eleftherios Venizelos – Prime Minister of Greece
- Panagiotis Danglis – Commander of Greek forces on the Macedonian Front
- Pavlos Kountouriotis – Minister of the Navy
- Hussein bin Ali - King of Hejaz, Sharif of Mecca and leader of the Arab Revolt
- Faisal bin Hussein - Commander of the Northern Arab Army
- Abdullah bin Al-Hussein - Commander of the Eastern Arab Army
- Ali bin Hussein - Commander of the Southern Arab Army
- T. E. Lawrence - British Officer in the Arab Revolt
- Bernardino Machado – President of Portugal
- Afonso Costa – Prime Minister of Portugal
- Jose Norton de Matos – Minister of War of Portugal
- Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva – Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (1917-1918)
- José Augusto Alves Roçadas – Commander of the Portuguese Forces in the South West Africa Campaign
- José César Ferreira Gil – Commander of the Portuguese Forces in the East African Campaign
- Hovhannes Kajaznuni – Prime Minister of Armenia
- Andranik Ozanian - Commander in the Caucasus Campaign, never recognized the First Republic of Armenia and fought independently
- Aram Manukian – Minister of Internal Affairs
- Alexander Khatisian – Foreign Minister
- Hovhannes Hakhverdyan – Defense Minister
- Tovmas Nazarbekian – General and Commander-in-Chief of the Armenian Army
- Drastamat Kanayan – General in the Armenian Army
- Movses Silikyan – General in the Armenian Army
- Rama VI – King of Siam
- Chao Phraya Bodindechanuchit – Minister of Defence
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanath – Chief of staff in the Royal Siamese Army
- Phraya Bijai Janriddhi – Commander of Siamese Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front
- Abdul Aziz ibn Saud - Emir of Nejd and Hasa
- William Shakespear - British Military Advisor to Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
- Venceslau Brás – President of Brazil
- Pedro Frontin – Admiral and Commander of the Brazilian Naval Division (DNOG)
- José Pessoa Cavalcanti – Brazilian Captain and part of the preparatory military mission of Brazilian officers to French units in 1918
- Dr. Nabuco Gouveia – Chief of the Brazilian Medical Delegation
- Duan Qirui – Premier of the Republic of China several times between 1916–1918 and Minister of War several times between 1912-1917
- Wang Shizhen - Premier of the Republic of China between 1917–1918 and Minister of War several times between 1915-1917
See also
References
- Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.
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- ^ At George's wedding in 1893, The Times claimed that the crowd may have confused Nicholas with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially (The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5). Their facial features were only different up close.
- ^ Robert D. Warth, Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch, 20
- ^ Hart 2013, pp. 299–300
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. .
- ^ Who's Who: Alexander Samsonov Biography
- ^ Who's Who: Paul von Rennenkampf
- ^ First World War.com — Who's Who — Nikolai Ivanov
- ^ Brusiloff, Hero of the Hour in Russia, Described Intimately by One Who Knows Him Well Charles Johnston, New York Times, 18 June 1916, accessed 8 February 2010
- ^ J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126
- ^ First World War – Willmott, H.P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, Page 52
- ^ Foch's Biography in French on the Immortals page of the Académie française
- ^ Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey & Hickey, Michael, The First World War: The War To End All Wars, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-738-7
- ^ Williams, Charles, Pétain, Little Brown (Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005, p. 206, ISBN 978-0-316-86127-4
- ^ "HH Asquith (1852–1928)". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ^ Dragoljub R. Živojinovic, Kralj Petar I Karadordevic (King Peter I Karadordevic), vol. I-III, Belgrade, BIGZ 1988–1992.
- ^ Carlo Bronne. Albert 1er: le roi sans terre.
- ^ King Vittorio Emanuele III
- ^ "Woodrow Wilson". Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President (1913–1921)". Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- ^ "Library of Congress link: Washington held the title of "General and Commander in Chief" of the Continental Army".
- ^ Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). ISBN 0-06-093130-2