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Clint Eastwood

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This article refers to the actor/producer/director. For the Gorillaz song named after him, see Clint Eastwood (song).
Clint Eastwood
File:Clint eastwood.jpg
Born
Clinton Eastwood, Jr.
Height6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
Spouse(s)Maggie Johnson
(1953-78)
Dina Ruiz
(1996-present)
WebsiteNone

Clinton Eastwood, Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an iconic American actor, film producer, composer, and Academy Award-winning film director. Eastwood is famous for his tough guy/anti-hero roles, including Inspector 'Dirty' Harry Callahan in the Dirty Harry series and the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Westerns.

Biography

Early life

Born at St. Mary's Hospital in San Francisco, California to Clinton Eastwood Sr. and Margaret Ruth Runner; the family is of Scottish, Irish, Dutch, and English descent. Eastwood is a descendant of Mayflower passenger and Plymouth Colony Governor, William Bradford. As a child, Eastwood endured the Great Depression, which in turn left its mark on his later films.

Clint Sr., a sometime steel worker in the San Francisco Bay Area, was forced in the 1930s to seek work over a wide area of coastal and inland California. According to film scholar David Kehr, the Eastwoods, with Clint Jr. and sister Jean, spent much of the decade in motion, an experience that would inform such movies as 1982's Honkytonk Man, with its migrant, "Okie" families. From his working-class childhood and upbringing, Eastwood the artist drew upon a perspective that was often far more archetypically middle-American than those of other California-born actors and directors. When he needed a mid-American backdrop from the 1950s for his 1988 film Bird, Eastwood used the elm-lined streets of central Sacramento, a distinctly un-Hollywood setting which he remembered from living there briefly as a child. That leafy cityscape, with its early 20th century clapboard houses, seems worlds removed from the hilly vistas and intellectual pretensions of the Bay Area and also from the sun-drenched glitz of Los Angeles, where Clint Jr. would live as a young man.

While attending Oakland Technical High School in Oakland, CA, one of his teachers assigned him a part in a play to try to get him to be less introverted. He did not enjoy the experience.

File:EastwoodFFOD.jpg
Eastwood as the "Man with No Name" in A Fistful of Dollars.

Eastwood was drafted into the Army, apparently in 1951, during the Korean War. He was sent to Fort Ord on the Monterey Bay, California for basic training. He was supposed to be sent to Korea, but a trip home to Seattle to visit his parents and girlfriend changed that. Eastwood caught an uneventful flight home aboard a Navy plane at Moffett Field, but on the return trip aboard a Navy torpedo bomber, the plane developed engine trouble and was forced to make a water landing off San Francisco. He was forced to swim over a mile through the tide to shore. Because of this, instead of being sent to Korea, he was assigned a job as a swimming instructor and remained at Ft. Ord. He worked nights and weekends as a bouncer at the NCO club. It was while on duty at Ft. Ord that Eastwood met fellow soldiers and future TV actors Martin Milner ("Route 66" and "Adam-12"), David Janssen ("The Fugitive" and "Harry O"), and Richard Long ("The Big Valley" and "77 Sunset Strip").

After his discharge in 1953, Eastwood moved to Southern California and attended Los Angeles City College, studying drama and business administration under the G.I. Bill.

Film career

File:ClintEastwood.JPG
Eastwood as the "Man with No Name" in "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"

Eastwood began work as an actor, appearing in B-films such as Revenge of the Creature, Tarantula and Francis in the Navy. In 1959, he got his first break with the long-running television series, Rawhide. As Rowdy Yates (whom Eastwood would later refer to in interviews as "the idiot of the plains"), he made the show his own and became a household name across the country. Eastwood found lead roles as the mysterious Man with no name in Sergio Leone's loose trilogy of westerns A Fistful of Dollars / Per un pugno di dollari (1964), For a Few Dollars More / Per qualche dollaro in più (1965), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly / Il Buono, il brutto, il cattivo (1966). Although the first of these was evidently a tribute to Akira Kurosawa's Yojimbo, Leone used his innovative style to depict a wilder, more lawless and desolate world than traditional westerns. All three films were hits, particularly the third, and Eastwood became an instant international star, redefining the traditional image of the American cowboy (though his character was actually a gunslinger rather than a traditional hero).

Stardom brought more roles, though still in the "tough guy" mold. In Where Eagles Dare (1968) he had second billing to Richard Burton but was paid $800,000. In the same year, he starred in Don Siegel's Coogan's Bluff, in which Eastwood was a lonely sheriff who came to the big city of New York to enforce the law in his own way. The film was controversial for its straightforward portrayal of violence, but it launched a more than ten-year collaboration between Eastwood and Siegel and set the prototype for the macho cop hero that Eastwood would play in the Dirty Harry series of films. In the next year Eastwood began to branch out. Paint Your Wagon (1969) was a western, but also a musical. Kelly's Heroes, (1970) combined tough-guy action with offbeat humor. In The Beguiled, directed again by Siegel, he played a villain. 1971 proved to be the biggest year yet for his career. He directed and starred in the thriller Play Misty for Me, but it was his portrayal of the hard-edged police inspector Harry Callahan in Dirty Harry that propelled Siegel's most successful movie at the box-office and arguably established Eastwood's most memorable character. The film has been credited with inventing the "loose-cannon cop genre" that is imitated to this day. Eastwood's tough, no-nonsense cop touched a cultural nerve with many who were fed up with crime in the streets. Dirty Harry led to four sequels: Magnum Force (1973), The Enforcer (1976), Sudden Impact (1983), and The Dead Pool (1988), as well as sparking numerous imitators such as Death Wish (1974), which had four sequels of its own.

File:Joseywales2.JPG
Clint Eastwood in a classic shot from The Outlaw Josey Wales, a Revisionist Western.

Eastwood directed two important westerns during the revisionist '70s period in American film-making, High Plains Drifter (1973) and The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976).

In 1974, Eastwood teamed with a young actor named Jeff Bridges in Thunderbolt and Lightfoot. The movie was written and directed by Michael Cimino, who had previously written only the Dirty Harry sequel Magnum Force (and would win an Oscar for directing The Deer Hunter four years later). Critics and the public alike loved the chemistry between Eastwood and Bridges, making the film one of the biggest hits of 1974.

In 1975, Eastwood brought another talent to the screen: rock climbing. In The Eiger Sanction, in which he directed and starred, Eastwood - a 5.9 climber - performed his own rock climbing stunts. This film has become a cult classic in the rock climbing community. This film was done before the advent of CGI, so everything you see is real.

In 1979 Eastwood played another memorable role as the prison escapee Frank Morris in the fact-based movie Escape from Alcatraz. Morris was an escape artist who was sent to Alcatraz in 1960, which was, at the time, one of the toughest prisons in America. Morris devised a carefully thought out plan to escape from "The Rock" and, in 1962, he and two other prisoners broke out of the prison and entered San Francisco Bay. They were never seen again, and although the FBI believes that the escapees drowned, to this day their actual fate is unknown.

Inspector Harry Callahan, played by Clint Eastwood in Dirty Harry

It was the fourth Dirty Harry film, Sudden Impact (1983), that made Eastwood a viable star for the '80s. President Reagan even used his famous "make my day" line in one of his speeches. Eastwood revisited the western genre directing and starring in Pale Rider (1985), paying homage to the western film classic Shane which was rehearsed in the Cannes Film Festival and brought some hope to the dying Western after waterloo of Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate. His fifth and final Dirty Harry movie, The Dead Pool (1988), was a success overall, but it did not have the box office punch his previous films had achieved. Eastwood alternated between more mainstream comedic films (if not particularly successful) such as Pink Cadillac (1989), and The Rookie (1990) and more personal projects, such as directing Bird (1988), a biopic of Charlie "Bird" Parker,which gave him the nomination for Golden Palm in the Cannes Film Festival and also starring in and directing White Hunter, Black Heart (1990), an uneven, loose biography of John Huston, which received some critical acclaim, although Katharine Hepburn contested the veracity of much of the material.

File:In the line of fire.jpg
Eastwood in the thriller In the Line of Fire

Eastwood rose to prominence yet again in the early 1990s. He directed and starred in the revisionist western Unforgiven in 1992, taking on the role of an aging ex-gunfighter long past his prime. The film, also starring such heavyweight actors as Gene Hackman, Morgan Freeman and Richard Harris, laid the groundwork for such later westerns as Deadwood by reenvisioning established genre conventions in a more ambiguous and unromantic light. A great success both in terms of box office and critical acclaim, it was nominated for nine Oscars, including Best Actor for Eastwood, and won four, including Best Picture and Best Director for Eastwood.

The following year, Eastwood played a guilt-ridden Secret Service agent in the thriller In the Line of Fire (1993) directed by Wolfgang Petersen. This film was a blockbuster and among the top 10 box-office performers in that year. Eastwood directed and starred with Kevin Costner in A Perfect World in the same year. He continued to expand his repertoire by playing opposite Meryl Streep in the love story, The Bridges of Madison County (1995). Based on a best-selling novel, it was also a hit at the box-office. Afterward, Eastwood turned to more directing work--much of it well received--including Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997), Mystic River (2003), and Million Dollar Baby (2004), but he also acted in the last of these and garnered another Best Actor nomination.

Directing

Eastwood has developed directing as a second career, and has generally received greater critical acclaim for his directing than he ever did for his acting. Eastwood has become known for directing high-quality but pessimistic dramas such as Unforgiven, Mystic River, Million Dollar Baby, Flags of Our Fathers, and Letters from Iwo Jima . However, he has chosen a wide variety of films to direct, some clearly commercial, others highly personal. Articles about Eastwood often neglect to mention that he has directed 27 films (as of 2006). Many actors direct now and then, but Eastwood is as distinguished as many more famous directors. (See Awards.)

Eastwood also produces many of his movies, and is well known in the industry for his efficient, low-cost approach to making films. Over the years, he has developed relationships with many other filmmakers, working over and over with the same crew, production designers, cinematographers, editors and other technical people. Similarly, he has a long-term relationship with the Warner Bros. studio, which finances and releases most of his films (although, in a 2004 interview appearing in The New York Times, Eastwood noted that he still sometimes has difficulty convincing the studio to back his films). In more recent years, Eastwood also has begun writing music for some of his films.

Awards and nominations

Eastwood has been nominated for the Academy Award for directing and producing 3 times, winning for Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby (he was also nominated for Mystic River, but did not win); twice for acting (Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby), but did not win. He is one of only three living directors (along with Francis Ford Coppola and Miloš Forman) to have directed two Best Picture winners, Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby, the second of which earned him his second Best Director Oscar. At age 74, he was the oldest director to achieve this distinction. Eastwood has received numerous other awards, including an America Now TV Award as well as one of the 2000 Kennedy Center Honors. He also received an honorary degree from University of the Pacific in 2006, and he received the honorary Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for lifetime achievement in acting. [1] In 2006, he received a nomination for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for Million Dollar Baby. [2]

Current projects

Eastwood has recently taken the director's chair for a pair of World War II dramas, Flags of Our Fathers (released in October 2006) and Letters from Iwo Jima both of which have become big awards contenders, with "Letters" being first released in Japan and then in limited release in North America in late December.

Eastwood and Warner Bros. have purchased the movie rights to James Hansen's First Man, the authorized biography of astronaut Neil Armstrong.

Political life

Eastwood made one successful foray into elected politics, becoming the Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea (Carmel), California (population 4000), a wealthy small town and artist community on the Monterey Peninsula, for one term. Frustrated with what he perceived to be the bureaucracy in Carmel's politics, he ran a last-minute, small scale campaign emphasizing better relations between the residential and business communities. On election day, April 8, 1986, with double the voter turnout, Eastwood garnered 72.5% of the vote and was elected to a position that paid $200 per month. During his tenure he tried to balance the rights of preservationists and developing the town for local business. Eastwood decided not to run for a second term due to the amount of small scale decisions required of the mayor in such a small town. During his tenure he completed Heartbreak Ridge and Bird.[1] On a lighter note, as mayor he repealed a municipal law that forbade anyone from eating ice cream on the sidewalk.

Although a registered Republican in California, and a supporter of Richard Nixon's 1968 campaign, Eastwood describes himself as a libertarian, describing his philosophy as "Everyone leaves everyone else alone." [2] In May 2003 he criticized the Iraq war as a "big mistake" and defended Sean Penn's controversial visit to Baghdad. [citation needed]

Personal life

File:Clint eastwood old.jpg
Clint Eastwood in Million Dollar Baby

Eastwood, who has been married twice, has five daughters and two sons by five different women: Kimber (born 1964), with Roxanne Tunis; Kyle (born in 1968) and Alison (born on May 22, 1972), with ex-wife Maggie Johnson; Scott (born March 21, 1986) and Kathryn (born February 2, 1988), with airline hostess Jacelyn Reeves; Francesca Ruth (born August 7, 1993), with Frances Fisher, his co-star in Unforgiven; and Morgan (born December 12, 1996), with current wife Dina Ruiz. Clint Eastwood lived with actress Sondra Locke from 1976 to 1988. The relationship produced no children.

Eastwood remains a sex symbol for many. He once said, "I like to joke that since my children weren't giving me any grandchildren, I had two of my own. It is a terrific feeling being a dad again at my age. I am very fortunate. I realize how unfair a thing it is that men can have children at a much older age than women." He has two grandchildren, Clinton (born 1984) and Graylen (born 1994) of Kimberly and Kyle, respectively.

Eastwood owns the exclusive Tehama Golf Club located in Carmel Valley within Monterey County. The invitation-only club reportedly has around 300 members and a joining price of $500,000.

Clint Eastwood is also an audiophile, known for his love of jazz. He owns an extensive collection of LPs which he plays on a Rockport turntable. His interest in music was passed on to his son Kyle, now a jazz musician.

The 'Stan Laurel' myth

One recurrent rumour has it that Eastwood is the son (legitimate or otherwise) of British comic actor Stan Laurel. This is untrue, although a passing facial resemblance to the comedian (plus the fact that Eastwood was born on the same day as one of Laurel's children) has ensured that the legend often resurfaces [3].

Filmography

Further information: Clint Eastwood filmography
Template:S-awards
Preceded by Academy Award for Best Director
1992
for Unforgiven 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Academy Award for Best Director
2004
for Million Dollar Baby 		Succeeded by

Discography

Trivia

  • In 2002 he sued a biographer for publishing allegations that he physically abused Sondra Locke during their relationship, and forced her to have several abortions.
  • He is a vocal supporter of same-sex marriage.
  • Two actors (Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman) have each won Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor in consecutive years for playing characters in Eastwood's movies. Robbins won in 2003 for Mystic River while Freeman won in 2004 for his role in Million Dollar Baby.
  • Claims to have "Developed his distinctive manner of speech by studying the breathy whisper of Marilyn Monroe."
  • His mother Francesca Ruth Eastwood died on February 7, 2006, aged 97.
  • One anagram from his name is "Old West Action."

See also

References

  1. ^ http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1161236423891
  2. ^ http://www.aceshowbiz.com/celebrity/clint_eastwood/nominees.html
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