Citrus macroptera
| Citrus macroptera | |
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| Hatxora sellers in Sylhet, Bangladesh | |
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| Species: | C. macroptera
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| Binomial name | |
| Citrus macroptera | |
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Citrus macroptera, also known as hatkhora, satkara, shatkora, hatxora, cabuyao,[2] Melanesian papeda,[1] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to Bangladesh, Malesia and Melanesia.[3]
Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[4] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[5]
Description
Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height. Its fruit is about 6–7 cm (2.4–2.8 in) in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]
Varieties
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[5]
- C. macroptera var. macroptera
- C. macroptera var. annamensis Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. combara (Raf.) Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle -> C. kerrii (Swingle) Tanaka
Cultivation
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2014) |
A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis known as 'Sat Kara',[6] is grown primarily in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh where it is called "hatkhora".
Uses
Culinary uses
In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of the Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also a primary ingredient in satkora/shatkora pickles. It is also used in doner kebabs in British Bangladeshi fast-food restaurants.[citation needed]
Perfumery
Many of the C. macroptera var. annamensis fruits are exported from Bangladesh, exacting a high price because their oil is used in the perfume industry.[6]
See also
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Beef Hatkora
- Citrus latipes a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
References
- ^ a b "Citrus macroptera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
- ^ Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
- ^ a b c d Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). pdf
- ^ "TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
- ^ a b Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia. [1]
- ^ a b M. N. Miah, Sahina Islam, and Syed Hadiuzzaman 2002. Regeneration of plantlets through somatic embryogenesis from nucellus tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis (‘Sat Kara’). Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 12(2):167-172 pdf
