Curva
Curva- [ˈkurva] (plural: curve [ˈkurve]) is an Italian term or name for curved stands of seating located at sports stadiums, particularly in Italy; so named, originally, due to their curved or bending shape. The curva plays an integral part in the culture of Ultras and European football.
Composition
The majority of stands referred to as a "curva" are located behind the goals in their respective stadiums and contain the most vocal supporters within them, often known as Ultras. They are usually curved in shape, in some form whether minor or major, often due to the presence of a running track around the pitch.[1] The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza provides an example of two prominent stands referred to as "curva", "Curva Nord" and "Curva Sud", which contain only minor curves at their corners, while the Stadio Olimpico provides an example of two completely curved stands. A curva may extend from one corner flag to another or be located centrally behind the goal, bordered by two separate corner sections for ticketing or organizational purposes.[2]
Significance
Being home to the most openly passionate supporters in a stadium, the curva is usually the focal point of a club's support. It is often the scene of dramatic choreographed displays of support and occasionally, disapproval for a team or club.[3] These displays often take on an importance of their own, particularly in games involving rivals where both sets of supporters aim to outdo each other.[4] In certain countries, particularly those where sports clubs and supporters are extremely reflective of the local culture, the curva can become quite politicised in nature.[4] Therefore, it is not uncommon for a curva to be split into individual factions or groups, either solely or partially, based on politics, and for one group to hold significant control of the curva and its inhabitants on match days. Ultras groups within a curva often benefit from this degree of relative uniformity, when there are issues regarding supporters' rights and the commercialisation of sports and football in particular.
Locations
Algeria
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| July 5, 1962 Stadium | MC Alger | Ultras The Twefth Player 2011, Ultras Green Corsairs 2012 , Ultra' Amoré E Montalita /Virage Sud |
| May 19, 1956 Stadium | USM Annaba | Les indepandants de bone 12 / Curva Nord |
| Stade 20 Août 1955, Skikda | JSM Skikda | Ultras Senza Confine 13 / Curva Sud |
| July 5, 1962 Stadium | USM Alger | Ouled El Bahdja / Virage Nord |
| Mohamed Hamlaoui Stadium, Constantine |
CS Constantine | Ultras Green Army 12, Ultras Loca Ragazzi 10 / Curva Nord |
| November 1, 1954 Stadium (Tizi Ouzou), Tizi-Ouzou | JS Kabylie | Ultra Kabylie Boys 09 / Zona Amazigh |
| August 20, 1955 Stadium (Algiers), | CR Belouizdad | Ultras Fanatic Reds 09 / Volcana |
| Stade 8 Mai 1945, Setif | ES Setif | Ultras Inferno 10 / Curva Nord |
| Ahmed Zabana Stadium | MC Oran | Ultras Red Castle / Zona Oranostra |
| Mohamed Boumezrag Stadium, Chlef |
ASO Chlef | Ultras Polina 2010 / Curva Sud Chlef |
| November 1, 1954 Stadium (Batna), Batna | MSP Batna | Ultras Pantera Nera / Curva Toxic |
| November 1, 1954 Stadium (Batna), Batna | CA Batna | Ultras Aurès Boys / Curva Batna |
| Maghrebi Unity Stadium | MO Béjaïa | Ultras Granchio / Curva Majica |
| Maghrebi Unity Stadium | JSM Béjaïa | Ultras Gouraya United / Curva Furia |
| August 20, 1955 Stadium (Algiers) | NA Hussein Dey | Ultra Dey Boys / Curva Razzista |
| Stade Imam Lyes de Médéa | Olympique de Médéa | Ultras Matador / Curva Blues |
| Stade Akid Lotfi | WA Tlemcen | Ultras Kop 13 / Curva Nord |
Austria
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Allianz Stadion | SK Rapid Wien | Block West |
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Stadion Asim Ferhatović Hase | Sarajevo | "Vedran Puljić"-Sjever / North Stand |
| Stadion Grbavica | Željezničar | Sector C-Jug / South Stand |
| Stadion Bilino polje | Čelik | Jug / South Stand |
| Tušanj City Stadium | Sloboda | Sjever / North Stand |
| Banja Luka City Stadium | Borac | Sjever / North Stand |
| Gradski SRC Slavija | Stadion SRC Slavija | Jug / South Stand |
China
| Stadium | Club | Stand | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSUFT East-Garden Stadium | Hunan Billows | Curva Nord | Bad Billows Boys |
Croatia
| Stadium | Club | Stand | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stadion Maksimir | Dinamo Zagreb | North Stand / Sjever | Bad Blue Boys |
| Stadion Poljud | HNK Hajduk Split | North Stand / Sjever | Torcida |
| Stadion Kantrida | HNK Rijeka | West Stand / Zapad | Armada |
| Stadion Gradski Vrt | NK Osijek | SouthEast/East Stand /Jugoistok/Istok | Kohorta |
| Stadion Alde Drosine | NK Istra 1961 | North Stand / Sjever | Demoni |
Cyprus
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| GSP Stadium | AC Omonia Nicosia | North Stand/Gate-9 |
| APOEL FC | South Stand/AU79 | |
| Tsirion Stadium | AEL Limassol | East Stand/Gate-3 |
| Apollon Limassol | West Stand/Gate-1 | |
| Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium | Anorthosis Famagusta FC | South Stand/Maxhtec |
Denmark
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Aalborg Portland Park | Aalborg BK | Vesttribunen |
| Blue Water Arena | Esbjerg fB | Nordvestkurve |
| Viborg Stadion | Viborg FF | Sydtribunen |
| Brøndby Stadion | Brøndby IF | Sydsiden (earlier Faxetribunen) |
| Parken | FC Copenhagen | Sektion 12 |
| Nature Energy Park | Odense BK | Stiften |
| Ceres Park | Aarhus GF | Stemningsafsnit (B1-B2) |
| Right to Dream Park | FC Nordsjælland | Red Zone (D-Tribunen) |
Egypt
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Cairo International Stadium | Al Ahly SC | Ultras Ahlawy/Curva Nord |
| Cairo International Stadium | Zamalek SC | Ultras White Knights/Curva Sud |
| Port Said Stadium | Al-Masry SC | Ultras Green Eagles |
| Suez Stadium | Suez Montakhab | Ultras Suez Fedyan |
| Ghazl El Mahalla Stadium | Ghazl El Mahalla SC | Ultras Whales 2008 |
| Ismailia Stadium | Ismaily SC | Ultras Yellow Dragons |
| Alexandria Stadium | Al Ittihad Alexandria Club | Ultras Green Magic |
Finland
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Helsinki Olympic Stadium | Finland national football team | Pohjoiskaarre |
| Bolt Arena | HIFK Helsinki | Klacken |
| Bolt Arena | HJK Helsinki | Klubipääty |
France
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Stade Armand Cesari | SC Bastia | Est/Petrignani |
| Stade Chaban-Delmas | Girondins de Bordeaux | Virage Sud |
| Stade Vélodrome | Olympique de Marseille | Virage Nord/Sud |
| Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Kop of Boulogne/Virage Auteuil |
Germany
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Signal Iduna Park | Borussia Dortmund | Südtribüne/Gelbe Wand |
| Olympiastadion/Allianz Arena | Bayern München | Südkurve |
| Volkswagen Arena | Wolfsburg | Nordkurve |
| Commerzbank-Arena | Eintracht Frankfurt | Nordwestkurve |
| Fritz-Walter-Stadion | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Westkurve |
| Max Morlock Stadion | 1. FC Nürnberg | Nordkurve |
| AWD-Arena | Hannover 96 | Nordkurve |
| Weserstadion | Werder Bremen | Ostkurve |
| Olympiastadion | Hertha BSC | Ostkurve Hertha BSC |
| Veltins-Arena | FC Schalke 04 | Nordkurve |
| Borussia Park | Borussia Mönchengladbach | Nordkurve |
| BayArena | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | Nordkurve |
Greece
India
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Salt Lake Stadium, East Bengal Ground | East Bengal F.C. | Curva Nord |
Indonesia
Ireland
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Turner's Cross | Cork City FC | The Shed End |
Italy
Malaysia
| Stadium | Team/Club | Stand | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil | Malaysia National Football Team | Curva Ultras Malaya 07 | Ultras Malaya |
| Stadium Bolasepak Kuala Lumpur | Kuala Lumpur Football Team | Droogs Curva | Kuala Lumpur Ultras (the Cityboys) |
| Shah Alam Stadium | Selangor FA | Green Curva Nord | UltraSel |
| Stadium Perak | Perak FA | Silvermania Curva / Belang Tarung Tiga Warna | Silver State Ultras |
| Stadium Negeri | Sarawak FA | Curva Distrixtigabelas | GB-13 |
| Darul Makmur Stadium | Pahang FA | Curva Sebelas | Elephant Army |
| Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium | Johor Darul Ta'zim FC | Curva Nord | Boys Of Straits |
| Stadium Majlis Perbadanan Pasir Gudang | Johor Darul Ta'zim II FC | Nord Stand | Boys Of Straits |
| Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium | Kelantan FA | Gate H Boys | |
| Darul Aman Stadium | Kedah FA | Terrace 1- T1 | Ultras Kedah |
| Likas Stadium | Sabah FA | North Borneo Ultras | |
| Stadium Sultan Mizan Zainal Abiddin | Terengganu FA | Curva Gong Badak | Ultras Tranung |
Malta
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Ta' Qali Stadium | Valletta F.C. | Ultras Beltin 999 |
| Birkirkara F.C. | Ultras Birkirkara 97 | |
| Hibernians Stadium | Hibernians F.C. | Paola Boys Hibs Ultras 07 |
| Sirens Stadium | Sirens F.C. | Ultras Sireni 16 |
| Centenary Stadium | Marsa F.C. | Ultras Marsin 10 |
| Ta' Qali Stadium | Sliema Wanderers F.C. | Sliema Ultras 2008 |
| Centenary Stadium | Tarxien Rainbows F.C. | Tarxien Ultras 2014 |
| Gozo Stadium | Xewkija Tigers F.C. | 12th Tiger Supporters Club |
| Nadur Youngsters F.C. | White Force Nadur Ultras | |
| Ghajnsielem F.C. | Black Pride 2007 | |
| Xaghra United F.C. | Blue Warriors Xaghra Ultras | |
| Għarb Stadium | Għarb Rangers F.C. | West Blue Army est.2013 |
| Luxol Stadium | Melita F.C. | Melita Supporters Club |
Morocco
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Stade Mohamed V | Raja Casablanca | Ultras Green Boys 05, Ultras Eagles 06 / Curva Sud Magana |
| Wydad Casablanca | Ultras Winners 2005 /Curva Nord Frimija | |
| Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium | Association Sportive des FAR | Ultras Askary Rabat 2005, Black Army 1427 / Curva Che |
| Stade El Massira | Olympique Club de Safi | Ultras Shark 06 /Curva Arena |
| Stade de Marrakech | Kawkab Marrakech | Ultras Crazy Boys 2006 /Curva Sud 36 (Mitica) |
| Stade Adrar | Hassania Agadir | Ultras Imazighen 2006/Curva Sud Ultras Red Rebels/ Curva Nord |
| Stade Saniat Rmel | Moghreb Tetouan | Ultras Los Matadores 2005 – Ultras Siempre Paloma 2006 / Gate 3 – Curva Norte |
| Stade Mimoun Al Arsi | Chabab Rif Al Hoceima | Ultras Los Rifeños 2012/Curva Rifeña |
| Ibn Batouta Stadium | Ittihad Riadi Tanger | Ultra Hercules 2007/Curva Loca |
Netherlands
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| De Kuip | Feyenoord | Feyenoord |
| Galgenwaard | FC Utrecht | Bunnikside |
| Euroborg | FC Groningen | Z-Side |
North Macedonia
| Stadium | Club | Stand | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Philip II Arena | FK Vardar | West Stand | Komiti |
Philippines
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Panaad Park and Stadium | Ceres–Negros F.C. | South Side Curva |
Poland
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Stadion GOSiR | Arka Gdynia | Górka |
| Stadion Miejski | Lech Poznań | Kocioł |
| Polish Army Stadium | Legia Warszawa | Żyleta |
| Stadion im. Henryka Reymana | Sektor X |
Portugal
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Estádio do Dragão | F.C. Porto | Topo Sul |
| Estádio das Antas | Curva Norte | |
| Estádio da Luz | S.L. Benfica | Topo Sul |
| Estádio José Alvalade | Sporting Clube de Portugal | Curva Sul |
| Estádio 1º de Maio | Sporting Clube de Braga | Curva Norte |
Romania
Russia
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Petrovsky Stadium | FC Zenit Saint Petersburg | Virazh(Virage) |
[1](in Russian)
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Lokomotiv Stadium | FC Lokomotiv Moscow | Jug(South) |
Scotland
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Celtic Park | Celtic | North Curve |
| Ibrox Stadium | Rangers | Section BF1 |
| Pittodrie Stadium | Aberdeen | RDS Centre Block |
Serbia
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Stadion Crvena Zvezda | Crvena Zvezda | North Stand / Sever |
| Stadion Partizan | FK Partizan | South Stand / Jug |
| Stadion Čair | FK Radnički Niš | South Stand / Jug |
| Stadion Karađorđe | FK Vojvodina | North Stand / Sever |
| Omladinski Stadion | OFK Beograd | South Stand / Jug |
| Gradski Stadion Tvrdjava | FK Smederevo | North Stand / Sever |
Spain
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Estadio Vicente Calderón | Atlético de Madrid | Fondo Sur |
| Estadio Santiago Bernabéu | Real Madrid | Fondo Sur |
| Estadio Manuel Ruiz de Lopera | Real Betis | Gol Sur |
| Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán | Sevilla | Gol Norte |
| Estadi RCDE | RCD Espanyol | Gol Cornellà |
| Estadio Mestalla | Valencia | Curva Nord Mario Alberto Kempes |
| La Rosaleda | Málaga CF | Frente Bokeron / Brigadas Sur |
| Estadio Municipal de Riazor | Deportivo la Coruña | Riazor Blues/Maratón inferior |
Sweden
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Friends Arena | AIK | Norra Stå |
| Tele2 Arena | Djurgårdens IF | Sofialäktaren (Södra Stå) |
| Gamla Ullevi | GAIS, Örgryte IS | Sektion 23, Östra Stå |
| Tele2 Arena | Hammarby IF | Norra Övre: Ultra Boys 1999, E1 Ultras 2013, Hammarbykollektivet Norra Nedre: Hammarby Ultras 1993, Söder Bröder 1998, Bajen Fans 1981, Bara Bajare 1996 |
| Olympia | Helsingborgs IF | Södra Stå Sektion 37 |
| Borås Arena | IF Elfsborg | Elfsborgsläktaren |
| Gamla Ullevi | IFK Göteborg | Kommandobryggan |
| Nya Parken | IFK Norrköping | Curva Nordahl |
| Stadion | Malmö FF | Norra Ståplats |
| Behrn Arena | Örebro SK | Västra Stå |
| Studenternas IP | IK Sirius FK | Arkens Gärde |
Switzerland
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| Letzigrund | FC Zürich | Südkurve |
| St. Jakob-Park | FC Basel | Muttenzerkurve |
Tunisia
Turkey
| Stadium | Club | Stand |
|---|---|---|
| BJK İnönü Stadı | Beşiktaş J.K. | Kapalı Tribün |
| Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium | Fenerbahçe SK | Türk Telekom Tribünü |
| Bursa Atatürk Stadium | Bursaspor SK | Teksas (taraftar grubu) |
| Karşıyaka Arena | Karşıyaka Basket | 1912 CURVA (taraftar grubu) |
Ukraine
See also
References
- Specific
- ^ "Football in Rome". Italy Heaven. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ^ "LO STADIO OLIMPICO". Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ^ Micheal Lehane (7 January 2004). "Soccer: Roma Therapy". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ^ a b "Il Derby della Capitale". CBC News. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- General
- Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (2008). "Words and actions: Italian ultras and neo-fascism" Social Identities, vol. 14 (4), pp. 473 – 490
- Testa, A. (2009) "UltraS: an Emerging Social Movement", Review of European Studies, vol. 1 (2), 54–63
- Testa, A. (2010). Contested Meanings: the Italian Media and the UltraS. Review of European Studies, vol 2(1), 15–24
- Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (in press; November 2010). Football, Fascism and Fandom: The UltraS of Italian Football, A&C (Bloomsbury), London, Black Publishers.