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University of Denver

Coordinates: 39°40′42″N 104°57′44″W / 39.67833°N 104.96222°W / 39.67833; -104.96222
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Not to be confused with University of Colorado Denver.

University of Denver
Former name
Colorado Seminary (1864–1880)
MottoPro Scientia et Religione (Latin)
Motto in English
"For Knowledge and Spirit"
TypePrivate research university
Established1864; 160 years ago (1864)
Religious affiliation
Nonsectarian; founded by Methodists[1][2]
Academic affiliation
Endowment$990.3 million (2020)[4]
ChancellorJeremy Haefner
Academic staff
782 (2022 Fall)[5]
Administrative staff
1,773 (2022 Fall)[5]
Students13,735 (2022 Fall)[5]
Undergraduates6,152 (2022 Fall)[5]
Postgraduates7,583 (2022 Fall)[5]
Location
Denver
,
Colorado
,
United States
CampusUrban/residential, 125 acres (51 ha)[6]
NewspaperThe DU Clarion
ColorsCrimson and gold[7]
   
NicknamePioneers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I – The Summit
NCHC (Men's Hockey)
Websitewww.du.edu

The University of Denver (DU) is a private research university in Denver, Colorado. Founded in 1864, it is the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States.[8] It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – very high research activity".[9] DU enrolls approximately 5,700 undergraduate students and 7,200 graduate students. The 125-acre (0.51 km2) main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood,[10] about five miles (8 km) south of downtown Denver. The 720-acre Kennedy Mountain Campus is located approximately 110 miles northwest of Denver, in Larimer County.[11]

History

Mary Reed Hall and Harper Humanities Garden

In March 1864, John Evans, former Governor of the Colorado Territory, appointee of President Abraham Lincoln, founded the Colorado Seminary[12][13][14] in the newly created (1858) city of Denver, which was then a mining camp. Evans, governor and superintendent of Indian affairs of the Colorado Territory, was partially culpable for the November 1864 Sand Creek massacre (which was carried out by Colonel John Chivington, later a member of the university's original board of directors).[15] The school had originally been planned as the Denver Seminary, but the name was changed before the charter was secured.[16]

At its founding the seminary was non-sectarian and operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church. It struggled in the early years of its existence.[14] In 1880 it was renamed the University of Denver. The first buildings of the university were located in downtown Denver in the 1860s and 1870s, but concerns that Denver's rough-and-tumble frontier town atmosphere was not conducive to education prompted a relocation to the current campus, built on the donated land of potato farmer Rufus Clark, some seven miles (11 km) south of the downtown core. The university grew and prospered alongside the city's growth, appealing primarily to a regional student body prior to World War II.[citation needed] After the war, the large surge in G.I. Bill students pushed DU's enrollment to over 13,000 students, the largest the university has ever been, and helped to spread the university's reputation to a national audience.

Campus

University Hall, built in 1890

The heart of the campus has a number of historic buildings. The longest-standing building is University Hall, which has served DU since 1890, and was built in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The cornerstone to this building is exactly one mile above sea level. Just a few blocks off campus sits the historic Chamberlin Observatory, opened in 1894. Still a fully operational observatory, it is open to the public twice a week as well as one Saturday a month.[17]

Evans Memorial Chapel; built in the late 1870s by John Evans in memory of his daughter Josephine Evans Elbert[18]

The central campus area also includes Evans Memorial Chapel, an 1870s-vintage small church which was once located in downtown Denver, and was relocated to the DU campus in the early 1960s. Buchtel Tower (1913) is all that remains of the former Buchtel Chapel, which burned in 1983.

Margery Reed Hall

The administrative offices are located in the Mary Reed Building, a former library built in 1932 in the Collegiate Gothic style. Margery Reed Hall (named for the daughter of Mary Reed) was also built in the collegiate gothic style in 1929. Margery Reed Hall houses the Undergraduate Program for the Daniels College of Business; an $8 million overhaul and renovation was completed early 2014. The building was updated to include more classroom space, a larger hall to host guest speakers, as well as mechanical and technical improvements.

F.W. Olin Hall opened in 1997, housing Biological and Natural Sciences. The 40,000 square foot structure was the first building on campus constructed to meet a new set of design and aesthetic standards emphasizing load-bearing masonry, organic designs, and timeless architectural features.[19] Olin Hall includes a two-story rotunda topped with an elliptical copper dome, a sentinel in the university skyline.

The Daniels College of Business was completed in September 1999 at the cost of $25 million.[20] The business school has been nationally recognized by organizations such as Forbes magazine, Business Week, and the Wall Street Journal where it is ranked second in the nation for producing students with high ethical standards.[21]

In 2002, the university opened the $70 million Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts, which houses the acclaimed Lamont School of Music. The center includes the June Swaner Gates Concert Hall, a four-level opera house seating just under 1,000, the Frederic C. Hamilton Family Recital Hall, a 222-seat recital hall with the largest (2,850 pipes) "tracker" organ in the region, and the Elizabeth Ericksen Byron Theatre, a flexible theatre space seating up to 350. The Newman Center serves as home to many professional performing arts groups from the Denver region as well as the university's Newman Center Presents multi-disciplinary performing arts series.

Nelson Hall, opened in 2002, is a LEED residence hall housing sophomores in dorm- and apartment-style suites. Its castle-like design and gold leaf-topped tower anchors the south end of campus.

In autumn 2003, DU opened a new $63.5 million facility for its College of Law, later named the "Sturm College of Law." Donald and Susan Sturm, owners of Denver-based American National Bank, had given $20 million to the University of Denver College of Law. The gift is the largest single donation in the 112-year history of the law school and among the largest gifts ever to the university. The building includes a three-story library.

In 2005 the Graduate School of Social Work completed the renovation and significant expansion of its building, renamed Craig Hall. The building features extensive stained glass artwork and a large events space.

Fritz Knoebel School of Hospitality Management

In January 2006, DU opened a new building for the School of Hotel, Restaurant, and Tourism Management (Fritz Knoebel School of Hospitality Management), later named the Joy Burns Center. The building contains classrooms, a large wine cellar, meeting rooms, and an all-purpose dining room that hosts numerous city and university events, weddings, and formal parties. The school helps DU rank near the top of all hotel schools in the United States. The program had its first graduating class in 1946.

Nagel Hall was completed in the Fall of 2008 to house sophomores and upperclassman, and offers a wide collection of art throughout the building donated by the Nagel family. In 2012, the building was certified Gold in LEED standards in recognition of its environmentally friendly and sustainable design. The building also houses offices for the Department of Psychology and a bike repair shop in its lower level.

DU completed the first ever (Peter S. Barton) lacrosse-only stadium that was specifically designed for the sport in 2005, as well as the Ciber Field Soccer Stadium (2010) on the northern end of campus, adjoining the Nagel studio space for the School of Art, as well as the Pat Bowlen varsity sports weight training facility underneath the stands.

The environmentally friendly $25 million Morgridge College of Education was opened in June 2010.

At the beginning of the summer of 2011, the 41-year-old Penrose Library closed for a $32 million renovation, and reopened in the spring of 2013 as the Anderson Academic Commons, a 21st-century high-tech collaboration and study space.

In May 2016, the 47,000 square foot Anna & John J. Sie International Relations Complex opened as an addition to Cherrington Hall. The addition rises five stories, and includes classrooms, offices, and an expansive event space and deck on the fifth floor. The building also features a blue-tiled tower prominent in the university's skyline.

In 2016, the university opened the 130,000 square foot Daniel Felix Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science on the southern end of campus, adjacent to Olin Hall. The building features classroom, laboratory, and office spaces for faculty, as well as a cafe on the first floor. The structure is notable for its zinc and limestone dome rising five floors above the main entrance.

In 2018, then-Chancellor Rebecca Chopp and university architect Mark Rodgers introduced the Denver Advantage Campus Framework Plan, which aimed to provide a path forward for the university's physical campus.[22]

In September 2020, the Dimond Family Residential Village opened to house first-year students, and the Burwell Center for Career Achievement opened to house alumni engagement and career services offices, replacing the Leo Block Alumni Center. Both are on track to achieve LEED certification and are the first structures completed under the Denver Advantage Campus Framework Plan.

In January 2021, the new Community Commons opened to students, on the previous site of the Driscoll North student center. The building serves as a student union and houses the Rebecca Chopp Grand Central Market, the central campus dining hall. The building features a copper-clad exterior, a rooftop deck, and extensive suites for offices and student engagement.

The university has six residence halls, Johnson McFarlane Hall (JMac), Centennial Halls, Centennial Towers, Nelson Hall, Nagel Hall, and the Dimond Family Residential Village (DFRV). Johnson McFarlane Hall was energy star certified in September 2011 as one of the most energy efficient buildings on campus,[23][24] and is the oldest co-ed dorm in the western United States.

The university developed a robust response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including weekly and bi-weekly saliva testing for undergraduates and faculty, staff and graduate students, respectively.[25] Vaccine mandates, testing, contact tracing and masks are all helping keep transmission low on campus.[26][27]

In October 2021, the establishment of the James C. Kennedy Mountain Campus was announced with a $26 million gift from a university alumnus.[28]

Academics

Rankings

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[29]140
U.S. News & World Report[30]105
Washington Monthly[31]228
WSJ/College Pulse[32]131
Global
ARWU[33]901–1000
QS[34]651–700
THE[35]351–400
U.S. News & World Report[36]727

USNWR graduate school rankings[37]

Business 80
Education 112
Engineering 152
Law 74

USNWR departmental rankings[37]

Clinical Psychology 50
English 116
Fine Arts 124
Library & Information Studies 40
Psychology 81
Social Work 17

The undergraduate business program, The Daniels College of Business, was ranked 87th best in 2016 by BusinessWeek, and it was ranked the 71st best program by U.S. News in a 2008 ranking.[38]

In a 2012 survey performed by the College of William and Mary and published by Foreign Policy Magazine, the Josef Korbel School of International Studies ranked 11th in the world for its graduate masters program, ahead of such schools as Syracuse, Yale, Stanford, University of California-Berkeley, Oxford and MIT.[39]

F W Olin Hall for Biological and Natural Sciences

Academic programs

Schools and colleges:

Buchtel Tower and the Sturm College of Law Tower

Institutes and Centers:

Programs:

  • Graduate Tax Program
  • DU-Iliff Joint Doctoral Program in the Study of Religion (JDP)
  • Graduate School of Social Work Doctoral Program
  • Josef Korbel School of International Studies-Sturm College of Law Joint Program
  • Daniels College of Business-Sturm College of Law Joint Program

Interdisciplinary programs:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience – (Psychology and Biology)
  • Video Game Design – (Computer Science and Emergent Digital Practices)
  • International Intercultural Communication M.A. (International Studies and Media, Film and Journalism Studies)

Students in the graduate programs represent over half of the total enrollment of the school.

Daniels College of Business; the eighth oldest business school in the country

Aside from the Sturm College of Law, the university operates on a quarter system, sometimes known as trimester academic calendar, in which an academic year is divided into three academic quarters lasting 10 weeks per each quarter. This academic system allows students to take more classes each year than students in a more traditional 15-week semester system.

Nelson Hall Tower

Offering students a learning experience abroad, the Cherrington Global Scholars program offers every undergraduate the chance to study abroad at no cost above the normal university tuition, room and board.[42]

File:University of Denver campus pics 057.jpg
Sturm College of Law: the first law school in the nation to earn certification by the U.S. Green Building Council

As of 2017, the Daniels School of Business also offers an online MBA program.[43]

Margery Reed Hall Ivy

Study abroad program

In the 2017–18 academic year, DU had a 77.5 percent of participation leading them to be third in national rank. The director of the Office of International Education, Denise Cop, acknowledged that there is an increase in cultural self-awareness and knowledge of cultural worldview frameworks of the students that go study abroad. The top destinations of DU students are United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, however many students go to universities in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland. DU's Office of International Education also offers to their students support and advice for all undergraduate students who want to study abroad.[44]

Magazine

The University of Denver Magazine is published four times a year, in fall, winter, spring, and summer.[45]

The Denver Quarterly was founded in 1966 by novelist John Edward Williams. The Denver Quarterly is published jointly by the Department of English & Literary Arts at the University of Denver. The Denver Quarterly has published poems by many poets, including Dobby Gibson, Seyed Morteza Hamidzadeh, Emily Fragos, Donna L. Emerson, Heather Hughes, L. S. Klatt, and Victoria McArtor.

Fraternities and sororities

The University of Denver has hosted fraternities and sororities for over 130 years. FSL at the university include:

Interfraternity Council chapters Multicultural Greek Council chapters Panhellenic Association chapters

The University of Denver hosts the Omega Lambda Chapter of Order of Omega founded on campus in 1969 as well as holds numerous awards from national organizations such as Association of Fraternal Leadership and Values, the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, and the Association of Fraternity and Sorority Advisors.

Athletics

Main article: Denver Pioneers

DU's athletic teams are known as the Denver Pioneers. The school has been fielding athletic teams since 1867, winning 33 NCAA Division One titles since 1949—among the top 15 of all schools. Denver is best known as a major power in winter sports, in particular, skiing and ice hockey. DU has won 24 NCAA national team skiing championships (more than any other school). Ice hockey is DU's flagship spectator sport, with nine NCAA titles (tied for first among all schools), most recently in 2022 and including back-to-back crowns in 2004 and 2005. The program has produced 75 NHL players and regularly sells out the 6,000 seat Magness Arena on campus, the showpiece of the Ritchie Center for Sports and Wellness.

Magness Arena looking northwest
Exterior of the Daniel L. Ritchie Center

The Pioneers' major conference affiliations changed in July 2013. Denver moved its primary affiliation from the Western Athletic Conference to The Summit League, hockey moved from the Western Collegiate Hockey Association to the National Collegiate Hockey Conference, and men's lacrosse moved from the ECAC Lacrosse League to the Big East Conference. The women's lacrosse team also moved from the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF) to the Big East Conference in 2017 and in 2019 they reached the Elite 8 (quarterfinals) of the NCAA tournament. In addition, the women's gymnastics team joined the newly formed Mountain Rim Gymnastics Conference in 2013 and later moved to the Big 12 Conference in July 2015.

The Pioneers won the national championship in men's lacrosse in 2015, beating Maryland, 10–5. They were the first Division I men's team west of the Appalachians to win a men's lacrosse NCAA national championship. The 2016 men's soccer team advanced to the NCAA College Cup.

Pioneers moniker controversy

The school has identified itself as the Pioneers since 1925.[46] Previous mascots were the Fighting Parsons/Fighting Ministers (1919-1925), Pioneer Pete (1925 to 1968), Denver Boone (1968 to 1998), and Ruckus the red-tailed hawk (1998 to 2007). A 2013 task force generated three new mascot options, but none of them carried enough votes from the university community to merit selection.[47] University administrators began to phase out the Daniel Boone mascot in 1984, due to "male gender stereotyping and its specifically western symbolism", and in 1999 Chancellor Dan Richie began the transition away from Boone to Ruckus.[46]

Despite the removal of the pioneer as the mascot, the University maintains Pioneers as the moniker for its athletics and general university representation. The use of the Pioneers moniker has generated controversy among faculty, staff, and students. The university founder territorial governor John Evans was found culpable in the Sand Creek Massacre.[48] In November 1864, white settlers attacked the Cheyenne and Arapahoe people in the area, killing mostly women, children, and elders. DU has deep ties to the Sand Creek Massacre. Not only was John Evans the founder of the university, Colonel John Chivington who led the attack was also one of the early donors and Board of Trustees members. In 2014, the John Evans Study Committee Report was produced and found Evans culpable for the massacre, given his "aggressively anti-Native rhetoric and actions leading up to the massacre."[49]

The scholars in the DU Evans Committee recommended removing the Pioneers moniker, as it glorified the violent legacy of settler colonialism that was specifically perpetrated against Native peoples in the area.[50] Since the university is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion,[51] the report argues that removing this horrific reminder is necessary. "Instead of asking Native community members whose ancestors were sacrificed before the march of American settler pioneers to sacrifice yet again for the sake of our 'brand,' the University of Denver should finally lay the Pioneer moniker to rest."[50]

In 2016 and 2017, some students demanded change from the university administration. In October 2017, the Native Student Alliance organization started the #NoMorePios movement.[52] During the civil rights uprising in summer 2020, a new student group called Righteous Anger! Healing Resistance! came together to demand the removal of the Pioneers moniker and other actions that would support students from marginalized communities.[53]

Resistance to removing the moniker has come from students, fans and alumni who are attached to the name.[54] They have been supported by Chancellor Haefner, who has made a final decision to keep the moniker.[55]

Notable alumni and faculty

Alumni

Main article: List of University of Denver alumni

Faculty

  • Robert Davine (Professor of Accordion and Music Theory, 1924–2001) - established one of the three major academic programs at the college level within the United States for the accordion as part of a course of study culminating in an Artist Diploma in Concert Accordion Performance at the university's Lamont School of Music in the late 1950s[56][57][58]

See also

References

  1. ^ Separated brethren: a review of Protestant, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox & other religions in the United States. Our Sunday Visitor. Retrieved March 27, 2010. Among Protestant denominations, Methodists take first place in hospitals and colleges. Some of their one hundred colleges and universities have all but severed ties with the denominations, but others remain definitely Methodist: Syracuse, Boston, Emory, Duke, Drew, Denver, and Southern Methodist. The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas. Methodists established Goodwill Industries in 1907 to help handicapped persons help themselves by repairing and selling old furniture and clothes. The United Methodist Church runs seventy-two hospitals in the United States.
  2. ^ "Schools by Jurisdiction". United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on December 16, 2009. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  3. ^ "NAICU – Member Directory". Archived from the original on November 9, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  4. ^ As of June 30, 2022. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY21 to FY22 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 17, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e cite web|url=cite web|url=http://www.du.edu/ir/factbook/staff.html%7Ctitle=University Factbook |publisher=DU.edu |access-date =June 9, 2023}}
  6. ^ University of Denver (August 1, 2008). "University of Denver – The Look of Campus". Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
  7. ^ Colors | University of Denver. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  8. ^ https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-denver-1371/applying#:~:text=University%20of%20Denver%20admissions%20is,score%20of%2027%20and%2031.
  9. ^ "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  10. ^ Denver Neighborhoods (Statistical) Map Archived May 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. City and County of Denver. Retrieved on August 25, 2006
  11. ^ Denver, University of. "University of Denver Announces Creation of New Mountain Campus". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  12. ^ Fisher, Steve (April 2012). A Brief History of South Denver & University Park. Arcadia. ISBN 9781614238287.
  13. ^ Beardsley, Isaac Haight (1898). "Echoes from Peak and Plain, Or, Tales of Life, War, Travel and Colorado Methodism".
  14. ^ a b Smiley, Jerome Constant (1901). "History of Denver: With Outlines of the Earlier History of the Rocky Mountain Country".
  15. ^ Report of the John Evans Study Committee University Of Denver (PDF), November 2014, retrieved May 4, 2022
  16. ^ Ubbelohde, Carl; Benson, Maxine; Smith, Duane A., eds. (1972). A Colorado History (1982 5th ed.). Boulder, CO: Pruett Publishing Company. p. 88.
  17. ^ "The University of Denver's Historic Chamberlin Observatory". Denver Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  18. ^ Catlett, Sharon R. (2007). Farmlands, Forts, and Country Life: The Story of Southwest Denver. Big Earth Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-56579-545-7.
  19. ^ "University of Denver – F.W. Olin Hall".
  20. ^ "University of Denver Daniels School of Business Denver, Colorado". Grad Profiles. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  21. ^ Daniels College of Business (September 17, 2007). http://www.daniels.du.edu/news-announcements-WSJ.aspx Archived November 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ https://www.du.edu/_assets/documents/campaigns/final-framework-plan.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  23. ^ "Johnson-McFarlane ENERGY STAR Certification - University of Denver". www.du.edu.
  24. ^ October 18, Sydney says; Am, 2011 at 10:45 (October 18, 2011). "J-Mac residence hall earns Energy Star certification". University of Denver Magazine.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "Colorado looking into endemic COVID response transition".
  26. ^ "COVID boosters required at some Colorado colleges".
  27. ^ "Universities in Colorado have far lower COVID positivity rate on campus than the rest of the state".
  28. ^ "Introducing the James C. Kennedy Mountain Campus". University of Denver. October 5, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  29. ^ "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes. September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  30. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 18, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  31. ^ "2024 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  32. ^ "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  33. ^ "2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. August 15, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  34. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". Quacquarelli Symonds. June 4, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  35. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. September 27, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  36. ^ "2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. June 24, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  37. ^ a b "DU's Graduate School Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  38. ^ "The Top Undergraduate Business Programs". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  39. ^ FP Staff (January 3, 2012). "Ivory Tower". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
  40. ^ University College, University of Denver. "Continuing Education". UniversityCollege.DU.edu. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  41. ^ "Gilbert E. Carmichael papers MSS.338" (PDF). Mississippi State University Libraries. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  42. ^ "Study Abroad". DU.edu. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  43. ^ "Earn an Accredited MBA Online from the University of Denver". University of Denver. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  44. ^ Stone, Jon (November 13, 2017). "DU Recognized for Study Abroad Program". DU.edu. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  45. ^ "Home". University of Denver Magazine. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Mascots, Nicknames, and Resistance Timeline (1864-2000)". No More Pios: The Legacy of Settler Colonialism and the University of Denver.
  47. ^ Chiaramonte, Perry (August 20, 2013). "Daniel Boone-like mascot for Denver college deemed offensive by administration". FOX News. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
  48. ^ "John Evans Study Committee".
  49. ^ "Settler Colonialism and the University of Denver". No More Pios: The Legacy of Settler Colonialism and the University of Denver.
  50. ^ a b "Evans Committee Statement on Pioneer". John Evans Study Committee.
  51. ^ "Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion at DU". University of Denver.
  52. ^ McFadden, Monica (October 16, 2017). "DU Native Student Alliance launches #NoMorePios campaign". DU Clarion.
  53. ^ Cardi, Julia (October 29, 2020). "Student-led group decries DU's response in asking to change nickname, other demands". Denver Gazette.
  54. ^ "It is High Time DU's Divisive Faculty-Led Anti-Pioneer Protests End". LetsGoDU.
  55. ^ "Response to students; commitments to Native and Indigenous communities". University of Denver.
  56. ^ The Free-Reed Journal: Obituary Robert Davine on www.ksanti.net
  57. ^ The National Accordion Association: Robert Davine Memorial on www.accordions.com
  58. ^ Artist Diploma in Concert Accordion Performance - Lamont School of Music on accordions.com
Wikisource has the text of a 1921 Collier's Encyclopedia article about University of Denver.

39°40′42″N 104°57′44″W / 39.67833°N 104.96222°W / 39.67833; -104.96222

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