Timeline of Hama

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

11th century BCE – Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath."^[1]
854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.^[2]
743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.^[3]
740 BCE – Uprising.^[3]
720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon."^[2]
540 BCE – Persians in power (approximate date).
64 BCE – Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.

7th–19th centuries

639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.^[2]
637 – Great Mosque built.^[4]
10th century – Hamdanids in power.
968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.^[1]
11th century – Town sacked by Mirdasid forces.
1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.^[2]
1114 – Seljuks in power.^[1]
1157 – Earthquake.^[5]
1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built.
1175 – Saladin takes town from Zangids.^[1]
1178 – Al-Muzaffar Umar becomes Emir of Hama.^[1]
1191 – Al-Mansur Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
1221 – Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama.
1229 – Al-Muzaffar Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
1244 – Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama.
1260 – Town sacked by Mongols.
1284 – Al-Muzaffar Umar II becomes Emir of Hama.
1299 – Mamluks in power.^[1]
1310 – Ayyubid Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.^[5]
1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.^[4]
1326 – Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.^[4]
1331 – Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
1400 – Timurlane takes town.
1453 – al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.^{[citation needed]}
1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.^{[citation needed]}
1742 – Azm Palace built.
1858 – Population: 30,000.^[6]
1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the Vilayet of Sham.^[1]
1875 – Cholera outbreak.^[5]
1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).^[7]

20th century

1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).^[3]
1902 – Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.^[8]
1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.^[9]
1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.^[10]
1918 – Town becomes part of French Mandate of Syria.
1925 – 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.^[11]
1930 – Population: 60,000.^[12]
1941 – Al-Taliya Sport Club formed.
1945 – Al-Nawair Sport Club formed.
1946 – City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic.
1960 – Population: 97,390.^[13]
1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.^[14]
1964
- April: Conflict between Islamic Brotherhood and Baath leaders.^[12]
- Population: 131,630 (estimate).^[15]
1970 – Population: 137,421.^[13]
1980 – February: Islamic uprising;^[16] crackdown on Sunnis.
1981 – April: 1981 Hama massacre.
1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against Hafez al-Asad regime; government crackdown.^[16]^[17]
1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).^[18]
1989 – Apamee Cham Palace Hotel built.^[4]

21st century

2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).^[13]
2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).^[19]
2011
- Mass demonstrations.^[16]^[20]
- July–August: Army crackdown on protesters.^[21]
2012 – 25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.^[22]^[23]
2013 – Syrian civil war.^[24]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Whitaker 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Britannica 1910.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chambers 1901.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Baedeker 1876.
^ Murray 1858.
^ David Dean Commins (1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039
^ "Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age. Chicago. 1904.
^ Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette. New York.
^ Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401
^ Bou-Nacklie 1998.
^ ^a ^b David Dean Commins (2004), Historical Dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press
^ ^a ^b ^c "Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
^ Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
^ Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
^ "'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.
^ "UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.
^ "Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
^ "Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Abraham Rees (1819). "Hamah". The Cyclopædia. London. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Josiah Conder (1830), "(Hamah)", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Hamah", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Hama", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

Published in 20th century

"Hamah", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Hamah", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Trudy Ring, ed. (1996), "Hama", Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964039
N. E. Bou-Nacklie (1998). "Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt". Journal of Contemporary History. 33.

Published in 21st century

J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
"Hama". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

35°08′N 36°45′E / 35.133°N 36.750°E / 35.133; 36.750

[FOOTNOTEWhitaker2008-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Whitaker 2008.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-2] Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEChambers1901-3] Chambers 1901.

[archnet-4] ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1876-5] Baedeker 1876.

[FOOTNOTEMurray1858-6] Murray 1858.

[7] David Dean Commins (1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039

[8] "Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age. Chicago. 1904.

[9] Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette. New York.

[moubayed2006-10] Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401

[FOOTNOTEBou-Nacklie1998-11] Bou-Nacklie 1998.

[commins2004-12] David Dean Commins (2004), Historical Dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press

[helders-13] "Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.

[14] Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.

[15] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.

[bbc-timeline-16] "Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

[17] Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.

[18] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[19] "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

[20] "'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.

[21] "UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.

[22] "Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.

[britannica2013-23] Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

[24] "Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.

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v t e Cities and towns of Syria
Governorate centres	Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashq as-Suwayda Tartus
District centres	Abu Kamal Afrin Arihah Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azaz al-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shughur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqani an-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsaya al-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahba ash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabroud Zabadani
Sub-district centres	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Ma'loula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah

Prior to 7th century

7th–19th centuries

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links