Lactitol
Names | |
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IUPAC name
4-O-α-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol
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Other names
Lactitol
Lacty | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.698 |
E number | E966 (glazing agents, ...) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C12H24O11 | |
Molar mass | 344.313 g·mol−1 |
Melting point | 146 °C (295 °F; 419 K) |
Pharmacology | |
A06AD12 (WHO) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Importal, Pizensy |
Other names | Lactitol Hydrate (JAN JP) |
License data | |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
ATC code | |
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Legal status |
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Identifiers | |
CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
E number | E966 (glazing agents, ...) |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.698 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C12H24O11 |
Molar mass | 344.313 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with approximately 40% of the sweetness of sugar.[not verified in body] It is also used medically as a laxative. Lactitol is produced by two manufacturers, Danisco and Purac Biochem.[not verified in body]
Applications
Lactitol is used in a variety of low food energy or low fat foods. High stability makes it popular for baking. It is used in sugar-free candies, cookies (biscuits), chocolate, and ice cream. Lactitol also promotes colon health as a prebiotic. Because of poor absorption, lactitol only has 2.4 kilocalories (9 kilojoules) per gram, compared to 4 kilocalories (17 kJ) per gram for typical saccharides. Hence, lactitol is about 60% as caloric as typical saccharides.
Medical
Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs.[1][2]
Lactitol is a laxative and is used to prevent or treat constipation,[3] e.g., under the trade name Importal.[4][5]
In February 2020, Lactitol was approved for use in the United States as an osmotic laxative for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.[6][7][8]
Lactitol in combination with Ispaghula husk is an approved combination for idiopathic constipation as a laxative and is used to prevent or treat constipation.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2020) |
Safety and health
Lactitol, erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, and maltitol are all sugar alcohols.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies sugar alcohols as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS).{
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
They are approved as food additives, and are recognized as not contributing to tooth decay or causing increases in blood glucose.{
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
Lactitol is also approved for use in foods in most countries around the world.{
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
Like other sugar alcohols, lactitol causes cramping, flatulence, and diarrhea in some individuals who consume it. This is because humans lack a suitable beta-galactosidase in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and a majority of ingested lactitol reaches the large intestine,[9] where it then becomes fermentable to gut microbes (prebiotic) and can pull water into the gut by osmosis.{
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
Those with health conditions should consult their GP or dietician prior to consumption.{
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
History
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Pizensy based on evidence from a clinical trial (Trial 1/ NCT02819297) of 594 subjects with CIC conducted in the United States.[8] The FDA also considered other supportive evidence including data from Trial 2 (NCT02481947) which compared Pizensy to previously approved drug (lubiprostone) for CIC, and Trial 3 (NCT02819310) in which subjects used Pizensy for one year as well as data from published literature.[8]
The benefit and side effects of Pizensy were evaluated in a clinical trial (Trial 1) of 594 subjects with CIC.[8] In this trial, subjects received treatment with either Pizensy or placebo once daily for 6 months.[8] Neither the subjects nor the health care providers knew which treatment was being given until after the trials were completed.[8]
In the second trial (Trial 2) of three months duration, improvement in CSBMs was used to compare Pizensy to the drug lubiprostone which was previously approved for CIC.[8] The third trial (Trial 3) was used to collect the side effects in subjects treated with Pizensy for one year.[8]
References
- ^ "Lactitol (Inactive Ingredient)". Drugs.com. 23 September 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ "Lactitol Monohydrate (Inactive Ingredient)". Drugs.com. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ Miller LE, Tennilä J, Ouwehand AC (2014). "Efficacy and tolerance of lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 7: 241–8. doi:10.2147/CEG.S58952. PMC 4103919. PMID 25050074.
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Importal". Drugs.com. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ FASS.se (the Swedish Medicines Information Engine). Revised 2003-02-12.
- ^ "Pizensy: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ "Pizensy- lactitol powder, for solution". DailyMed. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Drug Trial Snapshot: Pizensy". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 12 February 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Grimble GK, Patil DH, Silk DB (1988). "Assimilation of lactitol, an unabsorbed disaccharide in the normal human colon". Gut. 29 (12): 1666–1671. doi:10.1136/gut.29.12.1666. PMC 1434111. PMID 3220306.
External links
- Media related to Lactitol at Wikimedia Commons
- "Lactitol". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.