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Millennium: 2nd millennium
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1347 by topic
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Births – Deaths
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Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1347 in poetry
1347 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1347
MCCCXLVII
Ab urbe condita2100
Armenian calendar796
ԹՎ ՉՂԶ
Assyrian calendar6097
Balinese saka calendar1268–1269
Bengali calendar754
Berber calendar2297
English Regnal year20 Edw. 3 – 21 Edw. 3
Buddhist calendar1891
Burmese calendar709
Byzantine calendar6855–6856
Chinese calendar丙戌年 (Fire Dog)
4044 or 3837
    — to —
丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
4045 or 3838
Coptic calendar1063–1064
Discordian calendar2513
Ethiopian calendar1339–1340
Hebrew calendar5107–5108
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1403–1404
 - Shaka Samvat1268–1269
 - Kali Yuga4447–4448
Holocene calendar11347
Igbo calendar347–348
Iranian calendar725–726
Islamic calendar747–748
Japanese calendarJōwa 3
(貞和３年)
Javanese calendar1259–1260
Julian calendar1347
MCCCXLVII
Korean calendar3680
Minguo calendar565 before ROC
民前565年
Nanakshahi calendar−121
Thai solar calendar1889–1890
Tibetan calendar阳火狗年
(male Fire-Dog)
1473 or 1092 or 320
    — to —
阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1474 or 1093 or 321

Year 1347 (MCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. 1347 (MCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1347th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 347th year of the 2nd millennium, the 47th year of the 14th century, and the 8th year of the 1340s decade. As of the start of 1347, the Gregorian calendar was 8 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

Events

January–December

Asia

Western Asia

The Mamluke Empire is hit by the plague in the autumn.[3] Baghdad is hit in the same year.[4]

Central and East Asia

After years of resistance against the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Bahmani Kingdom, a Muslim Sultanate in Deccan, was established on August 3, when King Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah was crowned in a mosque in Daulatabad.[citation needed] Later in the year, the Kingdom's capital was moved from Daulatabad to the more central Gulbarga.[5][6] Southeast Asia suffered a drought which dried up an important river which ran through the capital city of the Kingdom of Ayodhya, forcing the King to move the capital to a new location on the Lop Buri River.[7]

Europe

Eastern and Scandinavian

Citizens of Tournai bury plague victims. Miniature from "The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis" (1272-1352). Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v.

On 2 February the Byzantine Empire's civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople. On 8 February, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly. The agreement was finalized in May when John V married Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter. The war had come at a high cost economically and territorially, and much of the Empire was in need of rebuilding.[8] To make matters worse, in May Genoese ships fleeing the Black Death in Kaffa stopped in Constantinople. The plague soon spread from their ships to the city.[9] By autumn, the epidemic had spread throughout the Balkans, possibly through contact with Venetian ports along the Adriatic Sea.[10] Specific cases were recorded in the northern Balkans on 25 December, in the city of Split.[11]

After being proclaimed Tsar of Serbia in the previous year by the newly-promoted Serbian Patriarch Joanikije II, Stefan Dušan continued his southern expansion by conquering Epirus, Aetolia and Acarnania, appointing his half-brother, despot Simeon Uroš as governor of those provinces.

Central

On 20 May Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declared himself Emperor of Rome in front of a huge crowd in response to what had been several years of power struggles among the upper-class barony. Pope Clement VI, along with several of Rome's upper-class nobility, united to drive him out of the city in November.[12] In October, Genoese ships arrived in southern Italy with the Black Plague, beginning the spread of the disease in the region.[9][13] Jews were first accused of ritual murders in Poland in 1347.[14] Casimir III of Poland issues Poland's first codified collection of laws after the diet of Wiślica. Separate laws are codified for greater and lesser Poland.[15][16]

Western Europe

In the continuing Hundred Years' War, the English won the city of Calais in a treaty signed in September. In a meeting with the Estates General in November, the French King Phillip was told that in the recent war efforts they had "lost all and gained nothing."[17] Phillip, however, was granted a portion of the money he requested and was able to continue his war effort.[18] The English King Edward offered Calais a package of economic boosts which would make Calais the key city connecting England with France economically.[19] Edward returned to England at that height of his popularity and power and for six months celebrated his successes with others in the English nobility. Although the Kingdom's funds were largely pushed towards the war, building projects among the more wealthy continued, with, for example, the completion of Pembroke College in this year.[18]

The French city of Marseilles recognized the plague on 1 September and by 1 November it had spread to Aix-en-Provence. The earliest recorded invasion of the plague into Spanish territory was in Majorca in December 1347, probably through commercial ships.[11] Three years of plague began in England.[20]

Births

Deaths

See also

References

  1. ^ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1135131371.
  2. ^ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339–1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
  3. ^ Watts, Sheldon. Epidemics and History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-300-08087-5 pp. 25–26
  4. ^ Miller, Edward. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Cambridge: U.P, 1987. ISBN 0-521-08709-0 pp. 461
  5. ^ ISBN 0-7614-7635-0 pp. 335
  6. ^ Britannica, Encyclopedia et al. Students' Britannica India. New Delhi: Encyclopædia Britannica (India), 2000. ISBN 0-85229-760-2 pp. 149
  7. ^ Van Beek, Steve and Luca Invernizzi. The Arts of Thailand. Berkeley: Periplus Editions, 1999. ISBN 962-593-262-3 pp. 139
  8. ^ Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-814098-3 pp. 267
  9. ^ a b Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 51–54
  10. ^ Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 74
  11. ^ a b Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 75
  12. ^ Garwood, Duncan. Lonely Planet Rome: City Guides. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet Publications, 2006. ISBN 1-74059-710-9 pp. 70
  13. ^ Corporation, Marshall. Exploring the Middle Ages. New York (Box 410: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006. ISBN 0-7614-7615-6 pp. 99
  14. ^ Weinryb, Bernard. The Jews of Poland. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1973. ISBN 0-8276-0016-X pp. 27
  15. ^ Fisher, HH. America and the New Poland. City: Fisher Press, 2007. ISBN 1-4067-5084-0 pp. xv
  16. ^ Morfill, William. Poland. London: T. F. Unwin, 1893. ISBN 0-8369-9919-3 pp. 42
  17. ^ Fraioli, Deborah. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN 0-313-32458-1 pp. 106
  18. ^ a b Neillands, Robin. The Hundred Years War. New York: Routledge, 1990. ISBN 0-415-07149-6 pp. 109–110
  19. ^ Corfis, Ivy and Michael Wolfe. The Medieval City under Siege. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 1999. ISBN 0-85115-756-4 pp. 55
  20. ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
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