Paper size
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/PapierformateA0bisA8.jpg/220px-PapierformateA0bisA8.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/A_size_illustration2_with_letter_and_legal.svg/220px-A_size_illustration2_with_letter_and_legal.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Comparison_paper_sizes.svg/220px-Comparison_paper_sizes.svg.png)
Paper size standards govern the size of sheets of paper used as writing paper, stationery, cards, and for some printed documents.
The ISO 216 standard, which includes the commonly used A4 size, is the international standard for paper size. It is used everywhere except in North America and parts of Central and South America, where North American paper sizes such as "Letter" and "Legal" are used.[1] The international standard for envelopes is the C series of ISO 269.
International paper sizes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Prevalent_default_paper_size.svg/220px-Prevalent_default_paper_size.svg.png)
The international paper size standard is ISO 216. It is based on the German DIN 476 standard for paper sizes. ISO paper sizes are all based on a single aspect ratio of the square root of 2, or approximately 1:1.41421. There are different series, as well as several extensions.
The following international paper sizes are included in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): A3, A4, A5, B4, B5.[2]
A series
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/A_size_illustration2.svg/220px-A_size_illustration2.svg.png)
The aspect ratio of A format is, letting a be the long side and b be the short side:
In fact, the original definition of the ISO base size of paper "A0" is defined as having an area of 1 m2 and a dimension ratio of 1 to √2, making the A0 paper size exactly .
Rounded to the nearest millimetre, A0 is the format 841 by 1,189 millimetres (33.1 in × 46.8 in).
Successive paper sizes in the series A1, A2, A3, and so forth, are defined by halving the preceding paper size across the larger dimension. This also effectively halves the area of each sheet. The most frequently used paper size is A4 measuring 210 by 297 millimetres (8.3 in × 11.7 in).
The significant advantage of this system is its scaling: if a sheet with an aspect ratio of √2 is divided into two equal halves parallel to its shortest sides, then the halves will again have an aspect ratio of √2. Folded brochures of any size can be made by using sheets of the next larger size, e.g. A4 sheets are folded to make A5 brochures. The system allows scaling without compromising the aspect ratio from one size to another—as provided by office photocopiers, e.g. enlarging A4 to A3 or reducing A3 to A4. Similarly, two sheets of A4 can be scaled down and fit exactly on one sheet without any cutoff or margins.
The behavior of the aspect ratio is easily proven. On a sheet of paper, let a be the long side and b be the short side. Since
the aspect ratio for the new dimensions of the folded paper is
Thus folding the paper preserves the aspect ratio.
Weights are easy to calculate as well: a standard A4 sheet made from 80 g/m2 paper weighs 5 g (as it is 1⁄16 of an A0 page, measuring 1 m2), allowing one to easily compute the weight—and associated postage rate—by counting the number of sheets used.
The advantages of basing a paper size upon an aspect ratio of √2 were first noted in 1786 by the German scientist and philosopher Georg Christoph Lichtenberg.[3] The formats that became A2, A3, B3, B4 and B5 were developed in France on proposition of the mathematician Lazare Carnot and published for judiciary purpose in 1798 during the French Revolution.[4] Early in the 20th century, Dr Walter Porstmann turned Lichtenberg's idea into a proper system of different paper sizes. Porstmann's system was introduced as a DIN standard (DIN 476) in Germany in 1922, replacing a vast variety of other paper formats. Even today, the paper sizes are called "DIN A4" (IPA: [diːn.ʔaː.fiːɐ̯]) in everyday use in Germany and Austria.
The DIN 476 standard spread quickly to other countries. Before the outbreak of World War II, it had been adopted by the following countries:
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During World War II, the standard was adopted by Uruguay (1942), Argentina (1943) and Brazil (1943), and afterwards spread to other countries:
- Spain (1947)
- Austria (1948)
- Iran (1948)
- Romania (1949)
- Japan (1951)
- Denmark (1953)
- Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic and Slovakia) (1953)
- Israel (1954)
- Portugal (1954)
- Yugoslavia (now Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and North Macedonia) (1956)
- India (1957)
- Poland (1957)
- United Kingdom (1959)
- Ireland (1959)
- Venezuela (1962)
- New Zealand (1963)
- Iceland (1964)
- Mexico (1965)
- South Africa (1966)
- France (1967)
- Peru (1967)
- Turkey (1967)
- Chile (1968)
- Greece (1970)
- Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) (1970)
- Singapore (1970)
- Bangladesh (1972)
- Thailand (1973)
- Barbados (1973)
- Australia (1974)
- Ecuador (1974)
- Colombia (1975)
- Kuwait (1975)
By 1975, so many countries were using the German system that it was established as an ISO standard, as well as the official United Nations document format. By 1977, A4 was the standard letter format in 88 of 148 countries. Today the standard has been adopted by all countries in the world except the United States and Canada. In Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, and the Philippines, the US letter format is still in common use, despite their official adoption of the ISO standard.
B series
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/B_size_illustration2.svg/220px-B_size_illustration2.svg.png)
The B series paper sizes are less common than the A series. They have the same aspect ratio of A series:
However, they have a different area. The area of B series sheets is in fact the geometric mean of successive A series sheets. B1 is between A0 and A1 in size, with an area of 0.707 m2 (1⁄√2 m2). As a result, B0 is 1 metre wide, and other sizes of the series are a half, a quarter or further fractions of a metre wide: in general, every B size has one of its sides 1⁄power of two meters long. That side is the short side for B0, B2, B4, etc. and the long side for B1, B3, B5, etc.
While less common in office use, the B series is used for a variety of special applications.
- Many posters use B-series paper or a close approximation, such as 50 cm × 70 cm ~ B2.
- B5 is a relatively common choice for books.
- B7 is equal to the passport size ID-3 from ISO/IEC 7810.
- B4, B5 and B6 are used for envelopes that fit C-series envelopes.
The B-series is widely used in the printing industry to describe both paper sizes and printing press sizes, including digital presses. B3 paper is used to print two US letter or A4 pages side by side using imposition; four pages would be printed on B2, eight on B1, etc.[need quotation to verify]
C series
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/C_size_illustration2.svg/220px-C_size_illustration2.svg.png)
The C series is defined in ISO 269, which was withdrawn in 2009 without a replacement, but is still specified in several national standards. It is primarily used for envelopes. The area of C series sheets is the geometric mean of the areas of the A and B series sheets of the same number; for instance, the area of a C4 sheet is the geometric mean of the areas of an A4 sheet and a B4 sheet. This means that C4 is slightly larger than A4, and slightly smaller than B4. The practical usage of this is that a letter written on A4 paper fits inside a C4 envelope, and both A4 and C4 paper fits inside a B4 envelope.
Some envelope formats with mixed sides from adjacent sizes (and thus an approximate aspect ratio of 2:1) are also defined in national adaptations of the ISO standard, e.g. DIN C6/C5 is 114 mm × 229 mm where the common side to C5 and C6 is 162 mm.
Overview of ISO paper sizes
Format | A series[5] | B series[6] | C series[7] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch |
0 | 841 × 1189 | 33+1⁄8 × 46+19⁄24 | 1000 × 1414 | 39+3⁄8 × 55+2⁄3 | 917 × 1297 | 36+1⁄12 × 51+1⁄12 |
1 | 594 × 841 | 23+3⁄8 × 33+1⁄8 | 707 × 1000 | 27+5⁄6 × 39+3⁄8 | 648 × 917 | 25+1⁄2 × 36+1⁄12 |
2 | 420 × 594 | 16+13⁄24 × 23+3⁄8 | 500 × 707 | 19+2⁄3 × 27+5⁄6 | 458 × 648 | 18+1⁄24 × 25+1⁄2 |
3 | 297 × 420 | 11+17⁄24 × 16+13⁄24 | 353 × 500 | 13+11⁄12 × 19+2⁄3 | 324 × 458 | 12+3⁄4 × 18+1⁄24 |
4 | 210 × 297 | 8+1⁄4 × 11+17⁄24 | 250 × 353 | 9+5⁄6 × 13+11⁄12 | 229 × 324 | 9 × 12+3⁄4 |
5 | 148 × 210 | 5+5⁄6 × 8+1⁄4 | 176 × 250 | 6+11⁄12 × 9+5⁄6 | 162 × 229 | 6+3⁄8 × 9 |
6 | 105 × 148 | 4+1⁄8 × 5+5⁄6 | 125 × 176 | 4+11⁄12 × 6+11⁄12 | 114 × 162 | 4+1⁄2 × 6+3⁄8 |
7 | 74 × 105 | 2+11⁄12 × 4+1⁄8 | 88 × 125 | 3+11⁄24 × 4+11⁄12 | 81 × 114 | 3+5⁄24 × 4+1⁄2 |
8 | 52 × 74 | 2+1⁄24 × 2+11⁄12 | 62 × 88 | 2+11⁄24 × 3+11⁄24 | 57 × 81 | 2+1⁄4 × 3+5⁄24 |
9 | 37 × 52 | 1+11⁄24 × 2+1⁄24 | 44 × 62 | 1+3⁄4 × 2+11⁄24 | 40 × 57 | 1+7⁄12 × 2+1⁄4 |
10 | 26 × 37 | 1+1⁄24 × 1+11⁄24 | 31 × 44 | 1+5⁄24 × 1+3⁄4 | 28 × 40 | 1+1⁄12 × 1+7⁄12 |
i |
The α variables are the distinct first terms in the three geometric progressions of the same common-ratio equal to the square root of two. Each of the three geometric progressions (corresponding to the three series A, B, C) is formed by all possible paper dimensions (length and width) of the series arranged in a decreasing order. This interesting arrangement of dimensions is also very useful - not only it forms a geometric progression with easy to remember formulae, it also has that each consecutive pair of values (like a sliding window of size 2) will automatically correspond to the dimensions of a standard paper format in the series.
The tolerances specified in the standard are
- ±1.5 mm (0.06 in) for dimensions up to 150 mm (5.9 in),
- ±2 mm (0.08 in) for lengths in the range 150 to 600 mm (5.9 to 23.6 in) and
- ±3 mm (0.12 in) for any dimension above 600 mm (23.6 in).
German original
The German standard DIN 476 was published on 18 August 1922 and is the original specification of the A, B and C sizes. In 1991, it was split into DIN 476-1 for the A and B formats and 476-2 for the C series. The former has been withdrawn in 2002 in favor of adopting the international standard as DIN EN ISO 216, but part 2 has been retained and was last updated in 2008.
The first and the second editions of DIN 476 from 1922 and 1925 also included a D series.
Format | D series | |
---|---|---|
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch |
0 | 771 × 1090 | 30+3⁄8 × 42+11⁄12 |
1 | 545 × 771 | 21+11⁄24 × 30+3⁄8 |
2 | 385 × 545 | 15+1⁄6 × 21+11⁄24 |
3 | 272 × 385 | 10+17⁄24 × 15+1⁄6 |
4 | 192 × 272 | 7+13⁄24 × 10+17⁄24 |
5 | 136 × 192 | 5+3⁄8 × 7+13⁄24 |
6 | 96 × 136 | 3+19⁄24 × 5+3⁄8 |
7 | 68 × 96 | 2+2⁄3 × 3+19⁄24 |
8 | 48 × 68 | 1+7⁄8 × 2+2⁄3 |
The smallest formats specified originally were A13 and B13, which were reduced to x10 in the 1930 edition, as well as C8 and D8; C9 and C10 have been added in the 1976 revision for compatibility with photography sizes: C8 closely matches 6×9 photos, C9 and C10 closely match 7×7 and 5×5 slides, respectively.
Format | A | B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch |
11 | 18 × 26 | 17⁄24 × 1+1⁄24 | 22 × 31 | 7⁄8 × 1+5⁄24 |
12 | 13 × 18 | 1⁄2 × 17⁄24 | 15 × 22 | 7⁄12 × 7⁄8 |
13 | 9 × 13 | 3⁄8 × 1⁄2 | 11 × 15 | 5⁄12 × 7⁄12 |
DIN 476 provides for formats larger than A0, denoted by a prefix factor. In particular, it lists the formats 2A0 and 4A0, which are twice and four times the size of A0 respectively. However, ISO 216:2007 notes 2A0 and 4A0 in the table of Main series of trimmed sizes (ISO A series) as well: "The rarely used sizes [2A0 and 4A0] which follow also belong to this series."
Name | mm × mm | inch × inch |
---|---|---|
4A0 | 1682 × 2378 | 66+5⁄24 × 93+5⁄8 |
2A0 | 1189 × 1682 | 46+19⁄24 × 66+5⁄24 |
DIN 476 also used to specify slightly tighter tolerances than ISO 216:
- ±1 mm (0.04 in) for dimensions up to 150 mm (5.9 in),
- ±1.5 mm (0.06 in) for lengths in the range 150 mm to 600 mm (5.9 to 23.6 in) and
- ±2 mm (0.08 in) for any dimension above 600 mm (23.6 in).
Swedish extensions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/SIS_014711_Paper_Sizes.svg/200px-SIS_014711_Paper_Sizes.svg.png)
The Swedish standard SIS 01 47 11[8] generalized the ISO system of A, B, and C formats by adding D, E, F, and G formats to it. Its D format sits between a B format and the next larger A format (just like C sits between A and the next larger B). The remaining formats fit in between all these formats, such that the sequence of formats A4, E4, C4, G4, B4, F4, D4, *H4, A3 is a geometric progression, in which the dimensions grow by a factor 16√2 from one size to the next. However, this SIS standard does not define any size between a D format and the next larger A format (called *H in the previous example).
Of these additional formats, G5 (169 × 239 mm) and E5 (155 × 220 mm) are popular in Sweden and the Netherlands for printing dissertations,[9] but the other formats have not turned out to be particularly useful in practice. They have not been adopted internationally and the Swedish standard has been withdrawn.
The Swedish and German D series basically contain the same sizes, but are offset by one, i.e. DIN D4 equals SIS D5 and so on.
Designation | Shorter edge | Longer edge |
---|---|---|
An | r−4 × sn | r+4 × sn |
En | r−3 × sn | r+5 × sn |
Cn | r−2 × sn | r+6 × sn |
Gn | r−1 × sn | r+7 × sn |
Bn | r 0 × sn | r+8 × sn |
Fn | r+1 × sn | r+9 × sn |
Dn | r+2 × sn | r+10 × sn |
*Hn | r+3 × sn | r+11 × sn |
A(n+1) | r+4 × sn | r+12 × sn |
n | E | G | F | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 878 × 1242 | 958 × 1354 | 1044 × 1477 | 1091 × 1542 |
1 | 621 × 878 | 677 × 958 | 738 × 1044 | 771 × 1091 |
2 | 439 × 621 | 479 × 677 | 522 × 738 | 545 × 771 |
3 | 310 × 439 | 339 × 479 | 369 × 522 | 386 × 545 |
4 | 220 × 310 | 239 × 339 | 261 × 369 | 273 × 386 |
5 | 155 × 220 | 169 × 239 | 185 × 261 | 193 × 273 |
6 | 110 × 155 | 120 × 169 | 131 × 185 | 136 × 193 |
7 | 78 × 110 | 85 × 120 | 92 × 131 | 96 × 136 |
8 | 55 × 78 | 60 × 85 | 65 × 92 | 68 × 96 |
9 | 39 × 55 | 42 × 60 | 46 × 65 | 48 × 68 |
10 | 27 × 39 | 30 × 42 | 33 × 46 | 34 × 48 |
Japanese variation
The Japanese standard JIS P 0138 defines two main series of paper sizes. The JIS A-series is identical to the ISO A-series, but with slightly different tolerances. The area of B-series paper is 1.5 times that of the corresponding A-paper (instead of the factor √2 = 1.414... for the ISO B-series), so the length ratio is approximately 1.22 times the length of the corresponding A-series paper. The aspect ratio of the paper is the same as for A-series paper. Both A- and B-series paper is widely available in Japan, Taiwan and China, and most photocopiers are loaded with at least A4 and either one of A3, B4 and B5 paper.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) only supports the most popular sizes, JIS-B4 and JIS-B5.[2]
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch |
---|---|---|
0 | 1030 × 1456 | 40+13⁄24 × 57+1⁄3 |
1 | 728 × 1030 | 28+2⁄3 × 40+13⁄24 |
2 | 515 × 728 | 20+7⁄24 × 28+2⁄3 |
3 | 364 × 515 | 14+1⁄3 × 20+7⁄24 |
4 | 257 × 364 | 10+1⁄8 × 14+1⁄3 |
5 | 182 × 257 | 7+1⁄6 × 10+1⁄8 |
6 | 128 × 182 | 5+1⁄24 × 7+1⁄6 |
7 | 91 × 128 | 3+7⁄12 × 5+1⁄24 |
8 | 64 × 91 | 2+1⁄2 × 3+7⁄12 |
9 | 45 × 64 | 1+19⁄24 × 2+1⁄2 |
10 | 32 × 45 | 1+1⁄4 × 1+19⁄24 |
11 | 22 × 32 | 7⁄8 × 1+1⁄4 |
12 | 16 × 22 | 5⁄8 × 7⁄8 |
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
A | 625 × 880 | 24+5⁄8 × 34+5⁄8 | √2∶1 |
B | 765 × 1085 | 30+1⁄8 × 42+17⁄24 | √2∶1 |
Shiroku-ban (4-6) | 788 × 1091 | 31+1⁄24 × 42+23⁄24 | 1.38 |
Kiku-ban (Chrysanthenum) | 636 × 939 | 25+1⁄24 × 36+23⁄24 | 1.48 |
900 × 1200 | 35+5⁄12 × 47+1⁄4 | 4∶3 |
A popular size for books, dubbed AB, combines the shorter edges of A4 and B4. Another two with an aspect ratio approximating 16:9 are 20% narrower variants of A6 and B6, respectively, the latter resulting from cutting B1 into 4 × 10 sheets (thus "B40").
There are also a number of traditional paper sizes, which are now used mostly by printers. The most common of these old series are the Shiroku-ban and the Kiku paper sizes.
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
AB | 210 × 257 | 8+1⁄4 × 10+1⁄8 | 11∶9 |
B40 | 103 × 182 | 4+1⁄24 × 7+1⁄6 | 16∶9 |
35 | 84 × 148 | 3+7⁄24 × 5+5⁄6 | 1.76 |
Shiroku-ban | 264 × 379 | 10+3⁄8 × 14+11⁄12 | 13∶9 |
189 × 262 | 7+11⁄24 × 10+1⁄3 | 1.39 | |
127 × 188 | 5 × 7+5⁄12 | 1.48 | |
Kiku-ban | 227 × 304 | 8+11⁄12 × 11+23⁄24 | 1.34 |
218 × 304 | 8+7⁄12 × 11+23⁄24 | 1.39 | |
152 × 227 | 6 × 8+11⁄12 | 1.49 | |
152 × 218 | 6 × 8+7⁄12 | 10∶7 |
Chinese extensions
The Chinese standard GB/T 148–1997,[11] which replaced GB 148–1989, documents the standard ISO series, A and B, but adds a custom D series. This Chinese format originates from the Republic of China (1912–1949). The D series is not identical to the Swedish D series. It does not strictly follow the same principles as ISO paper sizes: The aspect ratio is only very roughly √2. The short side of a size is always 4 mm longer than the long side of the next smaller size. The long side of a size is always exactly – i.e. without further rounding – twice as long as the short side of the next smaller size.
Format | D series | AR | Alias | Untrimmed sizes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch | ||
0 | 764 × 1064 | 30+1⁄12 × 41+7⁄8 | 1.3927 | 1K | 780 × 1080 | 30+17⁄24 × 42+1⁄2 |
1 | 532 × 760 | 20+23⁄24 × 29+11⁄12 | 1.4286 | 2K | 540 × 780 | 21+1⁄4 × 30+17⁄24 |
2 | 380 × 528 | 14+23⁄24 × 20+19⁄24 | 1.3895 | 4K | 390 × 540 | 15+3⁄8 × 21+1⁄4 |
3 | 264 × 376 | 10+3⁄8 × 14+19⁄24 | 1.4242 | 8K | 270 × 390 | 10+5⁄8 × 15+3⁄8 |
4 | 188 × 260 | 7+5⁄12 × 10+1⁄4 | 1.3830 | 16K | 195 × 270 | 7+2⁄3 × 10+5⁄8 |
5 | 130 × 184 | 5+1⁄8 × 7+1⁄4 | 1.4154 | 32K | 135 × 195 | 5+1⁄3 × 7+2⁄3 |
6 | 92 × 126 | 3+5⁄8 × 4+23⁄24 | 1.3696 | 64K | 97 × 135 | 3+5⁄6 × 5+1⁄3 |
Soviet variants
The first standard of paper size in the Soviet Union was OST 303 in 1926. Six years later, it was replaced by OST 5115 which generally followed DIN 476 principles, but used Cyrillic lowercase letters instead of Latin uppercase, had the second row shifted so that б0 (B0) roughly corresponded to B1 and, more importantly, had slightly different sizes:[12]
Format | а (A) | б (B) | в (V, C) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch |
0 | 814 × 1152 | 32+1⁄24 × 45+3⁄8 | 747 × 1056 | 29+5⁄12 × 41+7⁄12 | ||
1 | 576 × 814 | 22+2⁄3 × 32+1⁄24 | 528 × 747 | 20+19⁄24 × 29+5⁄12 | 628 × 888 | 24+17⁄24 × 34+23⁄24 |
2 | 407 × 576 | 16+1⁄24 × 22+2⁄3 | 373 × 528 | 14+2⁄3 × 20+19⁄24 | 444 × 628 | 17+1⁄2 × 24+17⁄24 |
3 | 288 × 407 | 11+1⁄3 × 16+1⁄24 | 264 × 373 | 10+3⁄8 × 14+2⁄3 | 314 × 444 | 12+3⁄8 × 17+1⁄2 |
4 | 203 × 288 | 8 × 11+1⁄3 | 186 × 264 | 7+1⁄3 × 10+3⁄8 | 222 × 314 | 8+3⁄4 × 12+3⁄8 |
5 | 144 × 203 | 5+2⁄3 × 8 | 132 × 186 | 5+5⁄24 × 7+1⁄3 | 157 × 222 | 6+1⁄6 × 8+3⁄4 |
6 | 101 × 144 | 3+23⁄24 × 5+2⁄3 | 93 × 132 | 3+2⁄3 × 5+5⁄24 | 111 × 157 | 4+3⁄8 × 6+1⁄6 |
7 | 72 × 101 | 2+5⁄6 × 3+23⁄24 | 66 × 93 | 2+7⁄12 × 3+2⁄3 | 78 × 111 | 3+1⁄12 × 4+3⁄8 |
8 | 50 × 72 | 1+23⁄24 × 2+5⁄6 | 46 × 66 | 1+19⁄24 × 2+7⁄12 | 55 × 78 | 2+1⁄6 × 3+1⁄12 |
9 | 36 × 50 | 1+5⁄12 × 1+23⁄24 | 33 × 46 | 1+7⁄24 × 1+19⁄24 | 39 × 55 | 1+13⁄24 × 2+1⁄6 |
10 | 25 × 36 | 1 × 1+5⁄12 | 23 × 33 | 11⁄12 × 1+7⁄24 | ||
11 | 18 × 25 | 17⁄24 × 1 | 16 × 23 | 5⁄8 × 11⁄12 | ||
12 | 12 × 18 | 11⁄24 × 17⁄24 | 11 × 16 | 5⁄12 × 5⁄8 | ||
13 | 9 × 12 | 3⁄8 × 11⁄24 |
The general adaptation of ISO 216 in the Soviet Union, which replaced OST 5115, was GOST 9327. In its 1960 version, it lists formats down to A13, B12 and C8 and also specifies ½, ¼ and ⅛ prefixes for halving the shorter side (repeatedly) for stripe formats, e.g. ½A4 = 105 mm × 297 mm.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Old_Soviet_standard_for_paper_sizes.svg/220px-Old_Soviet_standard_for_paper_sizes.svg.png)
A standard for technical drawings from 1960, GOST 3450,[13] introduces alternative numeric format designations to deal with very high or very wide sheets. These 2-digit codes are based upon A4 = "11": The first digit is the factor the longer side (297 mm) is multiplied by and the second digit is the one for the shorter side (210 mm), so "24" is 2×297 mm × 4×210 mm = 594 mm × 840 mm.
n | (×1) | ×2 | ×3 | ×4 | ×5 | ×6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A0 | 841×1189 | 1682×1189 | 2523×1189 | 3364×1189 | 4204×1189 | 5045×1189 |
A1 | 594×841 | = A0 | 1784×841 | 2378×841 | 2973×841 | 3568×841 |
A2 | 420×594 | = A1 | 1261×595 | 1682×595 | 2102×595 | 2523×595 |
A3 | 297×420 | = A2 | 892×420 | 1189×420 | 1487×420 | 1784×420 |
A4 | 210×297 | = A3 | 631×297 | 841×297 | 1051×297 | 1261×297 |
A5 | 148×210 | = A4 | 446×210 | 595×210 | 743×210 | 892×210 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/A4x8_a3x5_a2x4.png/330px-A4x8_a3x5_a2x4.png)
GOST 3450 from 1960 was replaced by ESKD GOST 2301 in 1968,[14] but the numeric designations remained in popular use much longer. The new designations were not purely numeric, but consisted of the ISO label followed by an 'x', or possibly the multiplication sign '×', and the factor, e.g. DIN 2A0 = GOST A0×2, but DIN 4A0 ≠ GOST A0×4, also listed are: A0×3, A1×3, A1×4, A2×3–A2×5, A3×3–A3×7, A4×3–A4×9. The formats ...×1 and ...×2 usually would be aliases for existing formats.
International envelope and insert sizes
Name | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1⁄3A4 | 99 × 210 | 3+11⁄12 × 8+1⁄4 | 3∶√2 | common flyer or stripe size |
unnamed | 105 × 210 | 4+1⁄8 × 8+1⁄4 | 2∶1 | standard folded size of German letters |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/DIN_5008%2C_Form_A.svg/220px-DIN_5008%2C_Form_A.svg.png)
DIN 5008 (previously DIN 676) prescribes, among many other things, two variants, A and B, for the location of the address field on the first page of a business letter and how to fold the A4 sheet accordingly, so the only part visible of the main content is the subject line.
Name | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR | Content | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DL | 110 × 220 | 4+1⁄3 × 8+2⁄3 | 2∶1 | 1⁄3A4, DIN 5008 A and B | designated long, "DIN lang" (DIN long); sometimes erroneously called "DLE", apparently for envelope, instead |
C6/C5 | 114 × 229 | 4+1⁄2 × 9 | 2∶1 | common edge of C6 and C5 is 161 mm;
sometimes called "Postfix", "DL+" or "DL Max", but those terms are not standardized | |
Italian | 110 × 230 | 4+1⁄3 × 9+1⁄24 | 2.10∶1 | ||
C7/C6 | 81 × 162 | 3+5⁄24 × 6+3⁄8 | 2∶1 | 1⁄3A5 | common edge of C7 and C6 is 114 mm |
B6/C4 | 125 × 324 | 4+11⁄12 × 12+3⁄4 | 2.6 | B6 is 125 mm × 176 mm, C4 is 229 mm × 324 mm | |
Invite | 220 × 220 | 8+2⁄3 × 8+2⁄3 | 1∶1 | square card with edge of A4 and A5, 210 mm | |
DIN E4 | 240 × 400 | 9+11⁄24 × 15+3⁄4 | 5∶3 | listed in DIN 476–2, but not part of a series proper |
International raw sizes
raw | mm × mm | inch × inch | special raw | mm × mm | inch × inch | untrimmed | mm × mm | inch × inch | trimmed | mm × mm | inch × inch | mm × mm | inch × inch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RA0 | 860 × 1220 | 33+3⁄4 × 48 | SRA0 | 900 × 1280 | 35+1⁄2 × 50+1⁄2 | A0U | 880 × 1230 | 34+3⁄4 × 48+1⁄2 | A0T | 841 × 1189 | 33 × 46+3⁄4 | 821 × 1159 | 32+1⁄4 × 45+3⁄4 |
RA1 | 610 × 860 | 24 × 33+3⁄4 | SRA1 | 640 × 900 | 25+1⁄4 × 35+1⁄2 | A1U | 625 × 880 | 24+1⁄2 × 34+3⁄4 | A1T | 594 × 841 | 23+1⁄2 × 33 | 574 × 811 | 22+1⁄2 × 32 |
RA2 | 430 × 610 | 17 × 24 | SRA2 | 450 × 640 | 17+3⁄4 × 25+1⁄4 | A2U | 450 × 625 | 17+3⁄4 × 24+1⁄2 | A2T | 420 × 594 | 16+1⁄2 × 23+1⁄2 | 400 × 564 | 15+3⁄4 × 22+1⁄4 |
RA3 | 305 × 430 | 12 × 17 | SRA3 | 320 × 450 | 12+1⁄2 × 17+3⁄4 | A3U | 330 × 450 | 13 × 17+3⁄4 | A3T | 297 × 420 | 11+3⁄4 × 16+1⁄2 | 277 × 390 | 11 × 15+1⁄4 |
RA4 | 215 × 305 | 8+1⁄2 × 12 | SRA4 | 225 × 320 | 8+3⁄4 × 12+1⁄2 | A4U | 240 × 330 | 9+1⁄2 × 13 | A4T | 210 × 297 | 8+1⁄4 × 11+3⁄4 | 180 × 277 | 7 × 11 |
ISO 5457 specifies drawing paper sizes with a trimmed size equal to the A series sizes from A4 upward. The untrimmed sizes are 3 to 4 cm larger and rounded to the nearest centimeter. A0 through A3 are used in landscape orientation, while A4 is used in portrait orientation. Designations for preprinted drawing paper include the base sizes and a suffix, either T for trimmed or U for untrimmed sheets.
The withdrawn standard ISO 2784 did specify sizes of continuous, fan-fold forms based upon whole inches as was common for paper in continuous lengths in automatic data processing (ADP) equipment. Specifically, 12 inches (304.8 mm) were considered an untrimmed variant of the A4 height of 297 mm.
Size | Acceptable equivalent | Direct equivalent | Exact size | Gross size | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
inch × inch | mm × mm | AR | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR | mm × mm | mm × mm | inch × inch | |
A4 | 8 × 12 | 203.2 × 304.8 | 3∶2 | 8+1⁄3 × 11+2⁄3 | 211.7 × 296.3 | 7∶5 | 210 × 297 | 250 × 340 | 9+4⁄5 × 13+2⁄5 |
A5 | 6 × 8 | 152.4 × 203.2 | 4∶3 | 5+5⁄6 × 8+1⁄3 | 148.2 × 211.7 | 10∶7 | 148 × 210 | 180 × 250 | 7+1⁄10 × 9+4⁄5 |
A6 | 4 × 6 | 101.6 × 152.4 | 3∶2 | 4+1⁄6 × 5+5⁄6 | 105.8 × 148.2 | 7∶5 | 105 × 148 | — | — |
A7 | 3 × 4 | 76.20 × 101.6 | 4∶3 | — | — | — | 74 × 105 | — | — |
Transitional paper sizes
PA4 or L4
Name | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
PA0 | 840 × 1120 | 33+1⁄8 × 44+1⁄8 | 4∶3 |
PA1 | 560 × 840 | 22 × 33+1⁄8 | 3∶2 |
PA2 | 420 × 560 | 16+1⁄2 × 22 | 4∶3 |
PA3 | 280 × 420 | 11 × 16+1⁄2 | 3∶2 |
PA4 | 210 × 280 | 8+1⁄4 × 11 | 4∶3 |
PA5 | 140 × 210 | 5+1⁄2 × 8+1⁄4 | 3∶2 |
PA6 | 105 × 140 | 4+1⁄8 × 5+1⁄2 | 4∶3 |
PA7 | 70 × 105 | 2+3⁄4 × 4+1⁄8 | 3∶2 |
PA8 | 52 × 70 | 2 × 2+3⁄4 | 1.35 |
PA9 | 35 × 52 | 1+3⁄8 × 2 | 1.49 |
PA10 | 26 × 35 | 1 × 1+3⁄8 | 1.35 |
A transitional size called PA4 (210 mm × 280 mm or 8.27 in × 11.02 in), sometimes dubbed L4, was proposed for inclusion into the ISO 216 standard in 1975. It has the height of Canadian P4 paper (215 mm × 280 mm, about 8+1⁄2 in × 11 in) and the width of international A4 paper (210 mm × 297 mm or 8.27 in × 11.69 in), i.e. it uses the smaller value among the two for each side. The table shows how this format can be generalized into an entire format series.
The PA formats did not end up in ISO 216, because the committee decided that the set of standardized paper formats should be kept to the minimum necessary.[citation needed] However, PA4 remains of practical use today. In landscape orientation, it has the same 4:3 aspect ratio as the displays of traditional TV sets, some computer displays (e.g. iPad) and data projectors. PA4, with appropriate margins, is therefore a good choice as the format of presentation slides.
As a compromise between the two most popular paper sizes globally, PA4 is used today by many international magazines, because it can be printed easily on equipment designed for either A4 or US Letter. That means it is not as much a paper size than a page format. Apple, for instance, requires this format for digital music album booklets.[15]
The size 210 mm × 280 mm was documented in the Canadian standard CAN2-200.2-M79 "Common Image Area for Paper Sizes P4 and A4".[16]
F4
Name | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
F0 | 841 × 1321 | 33+1⁄8 × 52 | 1.57 |
F1 | 660 × 841 | 26 × 33+1⁄8 | 1.27 |
F2 | 420 × 660 | 16+1⁄2 × 26 | 1.57 |
F3 | 330 × 420 | 13 × 16+1⁄2 | 1.27 |
F4 | 210 × 330 | 8+1⁄4 × 13 | 1.57 |
F5 | 165 × 210 | 6+1⁄2 × 8+1⁄4 | 1.27 |
F6 | 105 × 165 | 4+1⁄8 × 6+1⁄2 | 1.57 |
F7 | 82 × 105 | 3+1⁄4 × 4+1⁄8 | 32∶25 |
F8 | 52 × 82 | 2 × 3+1⁄4 | 1.58 |
F9 | 41 × 52 | 1+5⁄8 × 2 | 1.27 |
F10 | 26 × 41 | 1 × 1+5⁄8 | 1.58 |
A non-standard F4 paper size is common in Southeast Asia. It is a transitional size with the shorter side from ISO A4 (210 mm, 8+1⁄4 inch) and the longer side from British Foolscap (13 inch, 330 mm) and is sometimes known as (metric) foolscap or folio as well. It is exactly 1⁄9, i.e. 33 mm, longer than A4 or, conversely, A4 is exactly 90% the height of F4.
In Indonesia and the Philippines, "F4" paper is slightly broader: 215 × 330 mm, i.e. basically Foolscap 8.5 × 13 in. In Indonesia it is sometimes called folio, while in Philippines it is sometimes also called long bond.
A sheet of F4 can be cut from a sheet of SRA4 with very little wastage. The size is also smaller than its Swedish equivalent SIS F4 at 239 mm × 338 mm.
A0a
Although the movement is towards the international standard metric paper sizes, on the way there from the traditional ones there has been at least one new size just a little larger than that used internationally.
British architects and industrial designers once used a size called "Antiquarian", 31 in × 53 in (787 mm × 1,346 mm), as listed above, but given in the New Metric Handbook (Tutt & Adler 1981) as 813 mm × 1,372 mm (32 in × 54 in) for board size. This is a little larger than ISO A0, 841 mm × 1189 mm. So for a short time, a size called A0a of 1,000 mm × 1,370 mm (39.4 in × 53.9 in) was used in Britain, which is actually just a slightly shorter version of ISO B0 at 1414 mm.
Pliego
Size | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
Pliego | 700 × 1000 | 27+1⁄2 × 39+1⁄4 | 10∶7 |
1⁄2 pliego | 500 × 700 | 19+3⁄4 × 27+1⁄2 | 7∶5 |
1⁄4 pliego | 350 × 500 | 13+3⁄4 × 19+3⁄4 | 10∶7 |
1⁄8 pliego | 250 × 350 | 9+3⁄4 × 13+3⁄4 | 7∶5 |
The most common paper sizes used for commercial and industrial printing in Colombia are based upon a size referred to as pliego that is ISO B1 (707 mm × 1000 mm) cut to full decimetres. Smaller sizes are derived by halving as usual and just get a vulgar fraction prefix: 1⁄2 pliego and 1⁄4 pliego.
North American paper sizes
Inch-based loose sizes
Size | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|---|
Ledger[18] | 17 × 11 | 432 × 279 | 0.65 |
Tabloid Extra, Extra Tabloide |
12 × 18 | 305 × 457 | 3∶2 |
European EDP | 12 × 14 | 305 × 356 | 1.17 |
Tabloid, Doble Carta | 11 × 17 | 279 × 432 | 1.55 |
11 × 15 | 11 × 15 | 279 × 381 | 1.36 |
Fanfold | 11 × 14+7⁄8 | 279 × 378 | 1.35 |
EDP | 11 × 14 | 279 × 356 | 1.27 |
11 × 12 | 11 × 12 | 279 × 305 | 12∶11 |
10 × 14 | 10 × 14 | 254 × 356 | 7∶5 |
10 × 13 | 10 × 13 | 254 × 330 | 1.3 |
10 × 11 | 10 × 11 | 254 × 279 | 11∶10 |
Legal Extra | 9+1⁄2 × 15 | 241 × 381 | 1.58 |
Letter Extra | 9+1⁄2 × 12 | 241 × 305 | 1.26 |
Letter Tab, 9 × 11 | 9 × 11 | 229 × 279 | 11∶9 |
Legal | 8+1⁄2 × 14 | 216 × 356 | 1.65 |
Oficio | 8+1⁄2 × 13+2⁄5 | 216 × 340 | 1.58 |
Foolscap Folio | 8+1⁄2 × 13 | 216 × 330 | 1.53 |
Letter Plus | 8+1⁄2 × 12+2⁄3 | 216 × 322 | 1.49 |
European Fanfold | 8+1⁄2 × 12 | 216 × 305 | √2∶1 |
Letter, Carta | 8+1⁄2 × 11 | 216 × 279 | 1.29 |
Quarto | 8+1⁄2 × 10+5⁄6 | 216 × 275 | 1.27 |
Government Legal | 8 × 13 | 203 × 330 | 1.63 |
Demitab | 8 × 10+1⁄2 | 203 × 267 | 1.31 |
Government Letter, 8 × 10 | 8 × 10 | 203 × 254 | 5∶4 |
Executive | 7+1⁄4 × 10+1⁄2 | 184 × 267 | 1.45 |
7 × 9 | 7 × 9 | 178 × 229 | 1.29 |
Memo, Statement, Mini, Invoice, Stationary, Half Letter |
5+1⁄2 × 8+1⁄2 | 140 × 216 | 1.55 |
Junior Legal | 5 × 8 | 127 × 203 | 8∶5 |
5 × 7 | 5 × 7 | 127 × 178 | 7∶5 |
The United States, Canada, and the Philippines[1] primarily use a different system of paper sizes from the rest of the world. The current standard sizes are unique to those countries, although due to the size of the North American market and proliferation of both software and printing hardware from the region, other parts of the world have become increasingly familiar with these sizes (though not necessarily the paper itself). Some traditional North American inch-based sizes differ from the Imperial British sizes described below.
Common American loose sizes
Letter, Legal and Ledger/Tabloid are by far the most commonly used of these for everyday activities, and the only ones included in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
The origins of the exact dimensions of Letter size paper are lost in tradition and not well documented. The American Forest and Paper Association argues that the dimension originates from the days of manual paper making, and that the 11-inch length of the page is about a quarter of "the average maximum stretch of an experienced vatman's arms."[19] However, this does not explain the width or aspect ratio.
Outside of North America, Letter size may also be known as "American Quarto".[20] If one accepts some trimming, the size is indeed one quarter of the old Imperial paper size known as Demy, 17+1⁄2 in × 22+1⁄2 in (444 mm × 572 mm).[21] Printer manufacturers, however, recognize inch-based Quarto as 10.83 in (275 mm) long.[17]
Usage and adoption
US paper sizes are currently standard in the United States and are the most commonly used formats at least in the Philippines, most of Mesoamerica[22] and Chile. The latter use US Letter, but their Legal size is one inch shorter than its US equivalent.[23]
Mexico and Colombia, for instance, have adopted the ISO standard, but US Letter format is still the system in use throughout the country. It is virtually impossible to encounter ISO standard papers in day-to-day uses, with Carta (Letter), Oficio (Government-Legal) and Doble carta (Ledger/Tabloid) being nearly universal. Printer manufacturers, however, recognize Oficio as 13.4 in (340 mm) long.[17]
In Canada, US paper sizes are a de facto standard. The government, however, also uses ISO paper sizes[citation needed].
Variant American loose sizes
There is an additional paper size, 8 in × 10+1⁄2 in (200 mm × 270 mm), to which the name Government-Letter was given by the IEEE Printer Working Group (PWG).[17] It was prescribed by Herbert Hoover when he was Secretary of Commerce to be used for US government forms, apparently to enable discounts from the purchase of paper for schools, but more likely due to the standard use of trimming books (after binding) and paper from the standard letter size paper to produce consistency and allow "bleed" printing. In later years, as photocopy machines proliferated, citizens wanted to make photocopies of the forms, but the machines did not generally have this size paper in their bins. Ronald Reagan therefore had the US government switch to regular Letter size, which is both half an inch longer and wider.[19] The former government size is still commonly used in spiral-bound notebooks, for children's writing and the like, a result of trimming from the current Letter dimensions.
By extension of the American standards, the halved Letter size, 5+1⁄2 in × 8+1⁄2 in (140 mm × 220 mm), meets the needs of many applications. It is variably known as Statement, Stationery, Memo, Half Letter, Half A (from ANSI sizes) or simply Half Size. Like the similar-sized ISO A5, it is used for everything from personal letter writing to official aeronautical maps. Organizers, notepads, and diaries also often use this size of paper; thus 3-ring binders are also available in this size. Booklets of this size are created using word processing tools with landscape printing in two columns on letter paper which are then cut or folded into the final size.
Curiously, a foot-long sheet with the common width of Letter and (Government) Legal, i.e. 8+1⁄2 in × 12 in (220 mm × 300 mm), would have an aspect ratio very close to the square root of two as used by international paper sizes and would actually almost exactly match ISO RA4 (215 mm × 305 mm). This size is sometimes known as European Fanfold.[17]
Standardized American paper sizes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ANSI_size_illustration2.svg/220px-ANSI_size_illustration2.svg.png)
In 1996, the American National Standards Institute adopted ANSI/ASME Y14.1 which defined a regular series of paper sizes based upon the de facto standard 8+1⁄2 in × 11 in (220 mm × 280 mm) Letter size which it assigned "ANSI A", intended for technical drawings, hence sometimes labeled "Engineering". This series is somewhat similar to the ISO standard in that cutting a sheet in half would produce two sheets of the next smaller size and therefore also includes Ledger/Tabloid[18] as "ANSI B". Unlike the ISO standard, however, the arbitrary base sides forces this series to have two alternating aspect ratios. For example, ANSI A is less elongated than A4, while ANSI B is more elongated than A3.
The Canadian standard CAN2 9.60-M76 and its successor CAN/CGSB 9.60-94 "Paper Sizes for Correspondence" specified paper sizes P1 through P6, which are the U.S. paper sizes rounded to the nearest 5 mm.[24] All custom Canadian paper size standards were withdrawn in 2012.[25]
With care, documents can be prepared so that the text and images fit on either ANSI or their equivalent ISO sheets at 1:1 reproduction scale.
US size | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR | Canadian size (mm × mm) | Similar size (mm × mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | CAN P6 | 107 × 140 | ISO A6 | 105 × 148 | |||
— | CAN P5 | 140 × 215 | ISO A5 | 148 × 210 | |||
ANSI A | 8+1⁄2 × 11 | 216 × 279 | 1.2941 | CAN P4 | 215 × 280 | ISO A4 | 210 × 297 |
ANSI B | 11 × 17 | 279 × 432 | 1.5455 | CAN P3 | 280 × 430 | ISO A3 | 297 × 420 |
ANSI C | 17 × 22 | 432 × 559 | 1.2941 | CAN P2 | 430 × 560 | ISO A2 | 420 × 594 |
ANSI D | 22 × 34 | 559 × 864 | 1.5455 | CAN P1 | 560 × 860 | ISO A1 | 594 × 841 |
ANSI E | 34 × 44 | 864 × 1118 | 1.2941 | — | ISO A0 | 841 × 1187 |
Other, informal, larger sizes continuing the alphabetic series illustrated above exist, but they are not part of the series per se, because they do not exhibit the same aspect ratios. For example, Engineering F size is 28 in × 40 in or 711 mm × 1,016 mm with ca. 1.4286:1; it is commonly required for NAVFAC drawings, but is generally less commonly used. Engineering G size is 22+1⁄2 in (572 mm) high, but it is a roll format with a variable width up to 90 in (2.3 m) in increments of 8+1⁄2 in (216 mm). Engineering H through N sizes are also roll formats.
Such huge sheets were at one time used for full-scale layouts of aircraft parts, automotive parts, wiring harnesses and the like, but are slowly being phased out, due to widespread use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Some visual arts fields also continue to use these paper formats for large-scale printouts, such as for displaying digitally painted character renderings at life-size as references for makeup artists and costume designers, or to provide an immersive landscape reference.
Architectural sizes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/ARCH_PAPER_SIZES_v3.svg/220px-ARCH_PAPER_SIZES_v3.svg.png)
In addition to the system as listed above, there is a corresponding series of paper sizes used for architectural purposes defined in the same standard, ANSI/ASME Y14.1, which is usually abbreviated "Arch". This series also shares the property that bisecting each size produces two of the size below, with alternating aspect ratios. It may be preferred by North American architects because the aspect ratios (4:3 and 3:2) are ratios of small integers, unlike their ANSI (or ISO) counterparts. Furthermore, the aspect ratio 4:3 matches the traditional aspect ratio for computer displays.
The size Arch E1 has a different aspect ratio because it derives from adding 6 inches to each side of Arch D or subtracting the same amount from Arch E. Printer manufacturer recognize it as wide format.[17] An intermediate size between Arch C and D with a long side of 30 inches (760 mm) does not exist.
Names | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arch A | Arch 1 | 9 × 12 | 229 × 305 | 4∶3 |
Arch B | Arch 2 | 12 × 18 | 305 × 457 | 3∶2 |
Arch C | Arch 3 | 18 × 24 | 457 × 610 | 4∶3 |
Arch D | Arch 4 | 24 × 36 | 610 × 914 | 3∶2 |
Arch E1 | Arch 5 | 30 × 42 | 762 × 1070 | 7∶5 |
Arch E2[17] | 26 × 38 | 660 × 965 | 1.46 | |
Arch E3[17] | 27 × 39 | 686 × 991 | 13∶9 | |
Arch E | Arch 6 | 36 × 48 | 914 × 1220 | 4∶3 |
Notebook sizes
The sizes listed above are for paper sold loose in reams. There are many sizes of tablets of paper, that is, sheets of paper bound at one edge, usually by a strip of plastic or hardened PVA adhesive. Often there is a pad of cardboard (also known as paperboard or greyboard) at the bottom of the stack. Such a tablet serves as a portable writing surface, and the sheets often have lines printed on them, usually in non-repro blue, to make writing in a line easier. An older means of binding is to have the sheets stapled to the cardboard along the top of the tablet; there is a line of perforated holes across every page just below the top edge from which any page may be torn off. Lastly, a pad of sheets each weakly stuck with adhesive to the sheet below, trademarked as "Post-It" or "Stick-Em" and available in various sizes, serve as a sort of tablet.
"Letter pads" are 8+1⁄2 in × 11 in (220 mm × 280 mm), while the term "legal pad" is often used by laymen to refer to pads of various sizes including those of 8+1⁄2 in × 14 in (220 mm × 360 mm). Stenographers use "steno pads" of 6 in × 9 in (150 mm × 230 mm).
Envelope sizes
Name | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|---|
Personal | 3+5⁄8 × 6+1⁄2 | 92.1 × 165 | 1.79 |
Monarch | 3+7⁄8 × 7+1⁄2 | 98.4 × 191 | 1.94 |
A2 | 4+3⁄8 × 5+3⁄4 | 111 × 146 | 1.31 |
#9 | 3+7⁄8 × 8+7⁄8 | 98.4 × 225 | 2.29 |
#10, Commercial | 4+1⁄8 × 9+1⁄2 | 105 × 241 | 2.3 |
#11 | 4+1⁄2 × 10+3⁄8 | 114 × 264 | 2.31 |
#12 | 4+3⁄4 × 11 | 121 × 279 | 2.32 |
#14 | 5 × 11+1⁄2 | 127 × 292 | 2.3 |
Mail piece | inch × inch × inch | mm × mm × mm |
---|---|---|
Minimum | 3+1⁄2 × 5 × 0.009 | 88.9 × 127 × 0.229 |
Postcard maximum | 4+1⁄4 × 6 × 0.016 | 108 × 152 × 0.406 |
Letter maximum | 6+1⁄8 × 11+1⁄2 × 1⁄4 | 156 × 292 × 6.35 |
Flat-size maximum | 12 × 15 × 3⁄4 | 305 × 381 × 19.1 |
This implies that all postcards have an aspect ratio in the range from 20∶17 = 1.18 to 12∶7 = 1.71, but the machinable aspect ratio is further restricted to a minimum of 1.30. The only ISO 216 size in the US post card range is A6. The theoretical maximum aspect ratio for enveloped letters is 23∶7 = 3.29, but is explicitly limited to 2.50.
Personal organizer sizes
![]() |
Company | Name | inch × inch | mm × mm | Holes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Filofax[28] | M2 | 2+1⁄2 × 4 | 63.5 × 102 | 3 holes |
Mini | 2+5⁄8 × 4+1⁄8 | 66.7 × 105 | 5 holes | |
3+1⁄6 × 4+3⁄4 | 80.4 × 121 | 6 holes | ||
Personal, Slimline | 3+3⁄4 × 6+3⁄4 | 95.2 × 171 | 6 holes | |
A5 | (5+13⁄16 × 8+9⁄32 | 148 × 210 | 6 holes | |
Deskfax (B5) | (6+15⁄16 × 9+27⁄32) | 176 × 250 | 9 holes | |
A4 | (8+9⁄32 × 11+11⁄16) | 210 × 297 | 4 holes | |
Franklin Planner[29] | Micro (⅛-Letter) | 2+5⁄8 × 4+1⁄4 | 66.7 × 108 | |
3+1⁄2 × 6 | 88.9 × 152 | |||
Compact | 4+1⁄4 × 6+3⁄4 | 108 × 171 | ||
Classic (½-Letter) | 5+1⁄2 × 8+1⁄2 | 140 × 216 | ||
Monarch (Letter) | 8+1⁄2 × 11 | 216 × 279 | ||
Jeppesen | Aeronautical Chart (½-Letter) | 5+1⁄2 × 8+1⁄2 | 140 × 216 | 7 holes; FAA: 3 holes at top |
Index card sizes
inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|
3 × 5 | 76.2 × 127 | 5∶3 |
4 × 6 | 102 × 152 | 3∶2 |
5 × 8 | 127 × 203 | 8∶5 |
6 × 8 | 152 × 203 | 4∶3 |
Photography sizes
![]() | This table may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Names need explanation, i.e. expansion of acronyms. (November 2015) |
Name | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|---|
2R | 2+1⁄2 × 3+1⁄2 | 63.5 × 88.9 | 7∶5 |
- | 3 × 5 | 76.2 × 127 | 5∶3 |
LD, DSC | 3+1⁄2 × 4+2⁄3 | 88.9 × 119 | 4∶3 |
3R, L | 3+1⁄2 × 5 | 88.9 × 127 | 10∶7 |
LW | 3+1⁄2 × 5+1⁄4 | 88.9 × 133 | 3∶2 |
KGD | 4 × 5+1⁄3 | 102 × 135 | 4∶3 |
4R, KG | 4 × 6 | 102 × 152 | 3∶2 |
2LD, DSCW | 5 × 6+2⁄3 | 127 × 169 | 4∶3 |
5R, 2L | 5 × 7 | 127 × 178 | 7∶5 |
2LW | 5 × 7+1⁄2 | 127 × 191 | 3∶2 |
6R | 6 × 8 | 152 × 203 | 4∶3 |
8R, 6P | 8 × 10 | 203 × 254 | 5∶4 |
S8R, 6PW | 8 × 12 | 203 × 305 | 3∶2 |
11R | 11 × 14 | 279 × 356 | 1.27 |
A3+, Super B | 13 × 19 | 330 × 483 | 1.46 |
Grain
Most industry standards express the direction of the grain last when giving dimensions (that is, 17 × 11 inches is short grain paper and 11 × 17 inches is long grain paper), although alternatively the grain alignment can be explicitly indicated with an underline (11 × 17 is short grain) or the letter "M" for "machine" (11M × 17 is short grain). Grain is important because paper will crack if folded across the grain: for example, if a sheet 17 × 11 inches is to be folded to divide the sheet into two 8.5 × 11 halves, then the grain will be along the 11-inch side.[30] Paper intended to be fed into a machine that will bend the paper around rollers, such as a printing press, photocopier or typewriter, should be fed grain edge first so that the axis of the rollers is along the grain.
Demitab
The demitab or demi-tab (from the French "demi" for half tabloid) is either 5+1⁄2 in × 8+1⁄2 in (140 mm × 216 mm) or 8 in × 10+1⁄2 in (203 mm × 267 mm), i.e. either one quarter or one half of a sheet of 11 in × 17 in (279 mm × 432 mm) tabloid-size paper.[31]
Neither demitab, broadsheet nor tabloid newspapers are necessarily printed on paper measuring exactly its nominal size.
Traditional inch-based paper sizes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paper_size_-_US_system.svg/330px-Paper_size_-_US_system.svg.png)
Traditionally, a number of different sizes were defined for large sheets of paper, and paper sizes were defined by the sheet name and the number of times it had been folded. Thus a full sheet of "royal" paper was 25 × 20 inches, and "royal octavo" was this size folded three times, so as to make eight sheets, and was thus 10 × 6+1⁄4 inches. Royal sizes were used for posters and billboards.
Name | Abbr. | Folds | Leaves | Pages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Folio | fo, f | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Quarto | 4to | 2 | 4 | 8 |
Sexto, sixmo | 6to, 6mo | 3 | 6 | 12 |
Octavo | 8vo | 3 | 8 | 16 |
Duodecimo, twelvemo | 12mo | 4 | 12 | 24 |
Sextodecimo, sixteenmo | 16mo | 4 | 16 | 32 |
![]() | This table may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Badly sourced collection of sizes, correct values may vary, variation through trimming is ignored and some designations are confusing, in short: it is probably full of mistakes. (January 2020) |
Imperial sizes were used in the United Kingdom and its territories and some survived in US book printing.
Name | Variant | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emperor | UK | 48 × 72 | 1220 × 1830 | 1.5 |
Quad Royal | US | 40 × 50 | 1020 × 1270 | 1.25 |
Quad Demy | US | 35 × 40 | 889 × 1020 | 1.2857 |
Antiquarian | UK | 31 × 53 | 787 × 1350 | 1.7097 |
Grand Eagle | UK | 28+3⁄4 × 42 | 730 × 1070 | 1.4609 |
Double Elephant | UK | 26+3⁄4 × 40 | 679 × 1020 | 1.4984 |
Atlas | UK | 26 × 34 | 660 × 864 | 1.3077 |
Double Royal | US | 25 × 40 | 635 × 1020 | 1.6 |
Colombier | UK | 23+1⁄2 × 34+1⁄2 | 597 × 876 | 1.4681 |
Double Demy | UK | 22+1⁄2 × 35+1⁄2 | 572 × 902 | 1.57 |
US | 22+1⁄2 × 35 | 572 × 889 | 1.5 | |
Imperial | UK | 22 × 30 | 559 × 762 | 1.3636 |
Double Large Post | UK | 21 × 33 | 533 × 838 | 1.5713 |
Elephant | both | 23 × 28 | 584 × 711 | 1.2174 |
Princess | UK | 22+1⁄2 × 28 | 572 × 711 | 1.3023 |
Cartridge | UK | 21 × 26 | 533 × 660 | 1.2381 |
Royal | both | 20 × 25 | 508 × 635 | 1.25 |
Sheet, Half Post | UK | 19+1⁄2 × 23+1⁄2 | 495 × 597 | 1.2051 |
Double Post | UK | 19 × 30+1⁄2 | 483 × 775 | 1.6052 |
Super Royal | UK | 19 × 27 | 483 × 686 | 1.4203 |
Broadsheet | US | 18 × 24 | 457 × 610 | 1.3 |
Medium | UK | 17+1⁄2 × 23 | 444 × 584 | 1.2425 |
US | 18 × 23 | 457 × 584 | 1.27 | |
Demy | both | 17+1⁄2 × 22+1⁄2 | 444 × 572 | 1.2857 |
Copy Draught | UK | 16 × 20 | 406 × 508 | 1.25 |
Large Post | UK | 15+1⁄2 × 20 | 394 × 508 | 1.2903 |
US | 16+1⁄2 × 21 | 419 × 533 | 1.27 | |
Post | UK | 15+1⁄2 × 19+1⁄4 | 394 × 489 | 1.2419 |
US | 15+1⁄2 × 19+1⁄2 | 394 × 495 | 1.2581 | |
Crown | both | 15 × 20 | 381 × 508 | 1.3 |
Pinched Post | UK | 14+3⁄4 × 18+1⁄2 | 375 × 470 | 1.2533 |
Foolscap | UK | 13+1⁄2 × 17 | 343 × 432 | 1.2593 |
US | 13 × 18 | 330 × 457 | 1.3846 | |
Small Foolscap | UK | 13+1⁄4 × 16+1⁄2 | 337 × 419 | 1.2453 |
Brief | UK | 13+1⁄2 × 16 | 343 × 406 | 1.1852 |
Pott | UK | 12+1⁄2 × 15 | 317 × 381 | 1.2 |
Quarto | US | 9 × 11 | 229 × 279 | 1.2 |
Executive, Monarch | US | 7+1⁄4 × 10+1⁄2 | 184 × 267 | 1.4483 |
Traditional British paper sizes
These sizes are no longer so widely used, since the UK began using ISO sizes.[32] Many of these sizes were only used for making books (see bookbinding), or for publishing plays (historically, all the published plays of William Shakespeare during his lifetime were printed in Quarto), or for printing story papers and comics, and most types were not offered for ordinary stationery purposes, with the exception of foolscap (which was commonly used in schools and universities).[33][failed verification][dubious – discuss]
Name | inch × inch | mm × mm | AR |
---|---|---|---|
Foolscap | 8 × 13 | 203 × 330 | 1.63 |
Quarto | 8 × 10 | 203 × 254 | 5∶4 |
Imperial | 7 × 9 | 178 × 229 | 1.29 |
Kings | 6+1⁄2 × 8 | 165 × 203 | 1.23 |
Dukes | 5+1⁄2 × 7 | 140 × 178 | 1.27 |
Foolscap folio is often referred to simply as "folio" or "foolscap". Similarly, "quarto" is more correctly "copy draught quarto" and "Kings" is an alias for "Foolscap quarto".
Traditional French paper sizes
Before the adoption of the ISO standard system in 1967, France had its own paper size system. Some[which?] of these formats are still used today, and they are standardized by the AFNOR.[34] Their names come from the watermarks that the papers were branded with when they were handcrafted, which is still the case for certain art papers. They also generally exist in double versions where the smallest measure is multiplied by two, or in quadruple versions where both measures have been doubled.
Name | Format (cm × cm) | Use |
---|---|---|
Cloche | 30 × 40 | |
Pot, écolier | 31 × 40 | |
Tellière | 34 × 44 | old French administration |
Couronne écriture | 36 × 46 | |
Couronne édition | 37 × 47 | |
Roberto | 39 × 50 | anatomic drawing |
Écu | 40 × 52 | |
Coquille | 44 × 56 | |
Carré | 45 × 56 | |
Cavalier | 46 × 62 | |
Demi-raisin | 32,5 × 50 | drawing |
Raisin | 50 × 65 | drawing |
Double raisin | 65 × 100 | |
Jésus | 56 × 76 | Atlas des sentiers et chemins vicinaux |
Soleil | 60 × 80 | |
Colombier affiche | 60 × 80 | |
Colombier commercial | 63 × 90 | |
Petit Aigle | 70 × 94 | |
Grand Aigle | 75 × 105 | Plans cadastraux primitifs (Napoleonic land registry) |
75 × 106[35] | ||
75 × 110[36] | ||
Grand Monde | 90 × 126 | |
Univers | 100 × 130 |
Business card sizes
Origin | mm × mm | inch × inch | AR |
---|---|---|---|
A8 | 74 × 52 | 2+15⁄16 × 2+1⁄16 | √2 |
B8 | 88 × 62 | 3+4⁄9 × 2+4⁄9 | √2 |
Western Europe | 85 × 55 | 3+1⁄3 × 2+1⁄6 | 17∶11 |
International | 86 × 54 | 3+3⁄8 × 2+1⁄8 | 27∶17 |
North America | 89 × 51 | 3+1⁄2 × 2 | 7∶4 |
Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, South America | 90 × 50 | 3+9⁄16 × 2 | 9∶5 |
East Asia | 90 × 54 | 3+9⁄16 × 2+1⁄8 | 5∶3 |
Scandinavia, Southeast Asia, Oceania | 90 × 55 | 3+9⁄16 × 2+1⁄6 | 18∶11 |
Japan | 91 × 55 | 3+7⁄12 × 2+1⁄6 | 1.654 |
The international business card has the size of the smallest rectangle containing a credit card rounded to full millimeters, but in Western Europe it is rounded to half centimeters (rounded up in Northern Europe), in Eastern Europe to full centimeters, in North America to half inches. However, credit card size, as defined in ISO/IEC 7810, also specifies rounded corners and thickness.
Newspaper sizes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Comparison_newspaper_size.svg/220px-Comparison_newspaper_size.svg.png)
Newspapers have a separate set of sizes.
- Compact: AR 1.54
- Berliner: aspect ratio is 1.5
- Rhenish: AR 1.4–1.5
- Tabloid 1.34
- Broadsheet: aspect ratio 1.25
In a recent trend[37] many newspapers have been undergoing what is known as "web cut down", in which the publication is redesigned to print using a narrower (and less expensive) roll of paper. In extreme examples, some broadsheet papers are nearly as narrow as traditional tabloids.
See also
- Book size
- Hole punch—filing holes
- New Zealand standard for school stationery
- PC LOAD LETTER
- Paper density
- Units of paper quantity—ream, quire etc.
References
- ^ a b Belize, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela according to "Territory Information". CLDR. 31. Archived from the original on 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2018-03-24., which is a data collection used by almost all software manufacturers.
- ^ a b "size". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
- ^ "Lichtenberg's letter to Johann Beckmann". Cl.cam.ac.uk. 2006-02-07. Archived from the original on 2011-12-31. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Loi sur le timbre (Nº 2136)". Bulletin des Lois de la République (in French) (237): 1–2. 1798-11-03. Archived from the original on 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ^ "A Paper Sizes - A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10". Archived from the original on 2016-10-29. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
- ^ "B Paper Sizes - B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10". Archived from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
- ^ "Envelope Sizes - ISO C Series & DL Envelopes". Archived from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
- ^ "Papper—Formatserier A-G". Svensk standard. Swedish Standards Institute. Archived from the original on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2019-12-25.(subscription required)
- ^ "Print format for dissertations" (PDF). Karolinska University press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Barber, Dave (2012-05-08). "International paper sizes. A, B, C and D series". Archived from the original on 2014-07-01.
- ^ "国家标准 | GB/T 148-1997". Standardization Administration of China. 1997-05-26. Archived from the original on 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
- ^ "(unknown)" (PDF).
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ "Formaty" Форматы [Formats]. Мир Сварки (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2017-12-02. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
- ^ "Formaty (ESKD GOST 2.301-68)" Форматы (ЕСКД ГОСТ 2.301-68) [Formats]. Единая Система Конструкторской Документации (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
- ^ Apple iTunes Store (2019). "Music Digital Booklet Profile". iTunes Video and Audio Asset Guide.
- ^ "CAN2-200.2-M79: "Common Image Area for Paper Sizes P4 and A4"". 1979-04-01. Archived from the original on 2017-09-07. (NB. Withdrawn 2012-03-01.)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "IEEE-ISTO PWG 5101.1-2013 "PWG Media Standardized Names 2.0"" (PDF). Alt URL
- ^ a b Adobe Systems Incorporated (1996-02-09). "PostScript Printer Description File Format Specification" (PDF) (4.3 ed.). San Jose, California. p. 191. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-03-06.[better source needed]
- ^ a b "Why is the standard paper size in the U.S. 8½" x 11"?". American Forest and Paper Association. Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "Junior Legal Paper Size". Dimensions Guide. Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
- ^ Fyffe, Charles (1969). Basic Copyfitting. London: Studio Vista. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-289-79705-1.
- ^ "Armada mil". Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
- ^ de Leon, Rally. "Request for inclusion of Page Size 8.5"×13"". Retrieved 2008-08-11.
- ^ Kuhn, Markus. "International standard paper sizes". Archived from the original on 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^
Canadian custom paper size standards Number Title Original CAN2 release CAN/CGSB replacement Withdrawal 9.60 Paper Sizes for Correspondence 1976-04 1994-07 2012-04 9.61 Paper Sizes for Printing 1976-04 1994-07 9.62 Paper Sizes for Single Part Continuous Business Forms 1981-12 1994-07 9.64 Drawing Sheet Sizes 1979-04 1994-07 200.2 Common Image Area for Paper Sizes P4 and A4 1979-04 2012-03 - ^ "Technical drawing paper sizes in the United States". Archived from the original on 2016-10-08. at sizes.com
- ^ "Section 6.3.2: Postcard Dimensions". DMM 101: Physical Standards. United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
- ^ "Filofax". Archived from the original on 2010-09-27.
- ^ "Franklin Planner". Archived from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
- ^ "Paper Grain & Smoothness: Don't Go Against the Grain". Xerox Corp. Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
A paper mill may indicate paper grain on carton and ream labels, product brochures, swatch books and price lists in several ways:
1. You may see the words Grain Long or Grain Short.
2. The dimension parallel to the grain may be underscored. For example, 8.5x11 indicates long grain, while 11x17 indicates short grain.
3. "M" may be used to indicate machine direction, for example, 11Mx17 indicates short grain.
Fold paper parallel to the grain direction. Paper folded against the grain may be rough and crack along the folded edge. The heavier the paper, the more likely roughness and cracking will occur. - ^ "Max Image Area". Horizon Publications. Archived from the original on 2008-10-09. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Traditional sizes for writing paper in the United Kingdom". sizepaper.com (formerly atsyn.com). Archived from the original on 2013-07-20. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "Book sizes, with reference tables". Archived from the original on 2004-06-18. Retrieved 2004-06-30.
- ^ Norme NF Q 02-000: Dimensions des papiers d'écriture et de certaines catégories de papiers d'impression (in French). Association française de normalisation.
- ^ "AIGLE: Définition de AIGLE" (in French). Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales (CNRTL). Archived from the original on 2015-05-22. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- ^ "L'origine des noms de papier" (in French). Archived from the original on 2006-03-19.
- ^ "Press web". Naa.org. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
Further reading
- International standard ISO 216, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter—Trimmed sizes—A and B series. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1975.
- International standard ISO 217: Paper—Untrimmed sizes—Designation and tolerances for primary and supplementary ranges, and indication of machine direction. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1995.
- Helbig, Max; Hennig, Winfried (1998). DIN-Format A4—Ein Erfolgssystem in Gefahr. Beuth-Kommentare (in German). Berlin: Beuth Verlag. ISBN 3-410-11878-0.
- Dunn, Arthur D. (1972). Notes on the standardization of paper sizes (PDF). Ottawa, Canada.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (54 pages)
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Palme, Jacob (May 1998). Making Postscript and PDF International. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2346. RFC 2346. Retrieved 2012-06-22. Notably: About margin settings for using just the space common to both A4 and US Letter.
- "IEEE-ISTO PWG 5101.1-2013 'PWG Media Standardized Names 2.0'" (PDF).
- Parker, Matt. "Paper Sizes Explained" (YouTube video). BBC Number Hub.
- Australian Poster Sizes