President of North Macedonia
President of the Republic of North Macedonia | |
---|---|
Претседател на Република Северна Македонија (Macedonian) Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut (Albanian) | |
since 12 May 2019 | |
Status | Head of State |
Residence | Villa Vodno[1] |
Appointer | Direct election |
Term length | Five years renewable once |
Constituting instrument | Constitution of North Macedonia |
Formation | 16 April 1991 |
First holder | Kiro Gligorov |
Salary | 17,250 USD annually[2] |
Website | pretsedatel.mk |
North Macedonia portal |
The president of the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Претседател на Република Северна Македонија, romanized: Pretsedatel na Republika Severna Makedonija; Albanian: Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut) is the head of state of North Macedonia.
The institution of the presidency began after the declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. The first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999. The presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the prime minister of North Macedonia is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.
The president must be a citizen of North Macedonia, be over 40 years of age and have lived in North Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years before election.[3]
Electoral system
The president of North Macedonia is elected using a modified two-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters.[4] In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.[5]
The Constitution mandates that the president must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years before election.
Before 2009, the constitution required a 50% turnout in the second round. The XXXI amendment voted on 9 January 2009 by all 86 present deputies lowered it to the current 40%,[6] as the government feared the tendency of ever lower election turnout would make presidential elections frequently invalidated. In the 2009 Macedonian presidential election that followed, the turnout in the second round ended up being 42.6%.[7]
History
During the period of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, there was a collective presidency which was abolished in 1991. Its first president was Metodija Andonov Čento elected at the first plenary session of ASNOM, when the modern state was formed, while the last one was Vladimir Mitkov.[8]
Following the transition from socialist system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia changed the collective leadership with a single-president post in 1991, few months before independence. Kiro Gligorov became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 27 January 1991.[9] On 16 April 1991 the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment removing the term "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on 7 June of the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established.[10] Hence Gligorov continued his function as a president of the Republic of Macedonia.
After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence following a referendum held on 8 September 1991. Kiro Gligorov was incapacitated after an assassination attempt in 1995. Stojan Andov served as acting president for 44 days during Gligorov's incapacitation. On completing his second term as head of the independent state, Gligorov was succeeded by Boris Trajkovski in 1999. Following Trajkovski's death in 2004, he was succeeded by Branko Crvenkovski. Gjorge Ivanov won the 2009 presidential election and took office on 12 May 2009. He was re-elected in 2014. Stevo Pendarovski is the current incumbent and he took the office on 12 May 2019.
List of presidents
- Parties
- Status
No. | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
President of Initiatory Committee for Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation of Macedonia 1943–1944 | |||||
rowspan=5 style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 1 | Metodija Andonov-Čento (1902–1957) |
1 October 1943 | 2 August 1944 | KPM | |
Chairman of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation (ASNOM) 1944–1945 | |||||
Metodija Andonov-Čento (1902–1957) |
2 August 1944 | 1 January 1945 | KPM | ||
Presidents of the Presidium of the People's Assembly 1945–1953 | |||||
Metodija Andonov-Čento (1902–1957) |
1 January 1945 | 15 March 1946 | KPM | ||
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| — | Dimitar Nestorov (1890–1968) |
16 March 1946 | 30 December 1946 | KPM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 2 | Blagoja Fotev (1900–1993) |
1947 | 4 January 1951 | KPM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| — | Vidoe Smilevski (1915–1979) |
4 January 1951 | 1953 | KPM renamed in 1952 to SKM | |
Presidents of the People's Assembly 1953–1974 | |||||
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 3 | Dimče Stojanov (1910–1991) |
1953 | 19 December 1953 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 4 | Lazar Koliševski (1914–2000) |
19 December 1953 | 26 June 1962 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 5 | Ljupčo Arsov (1910–1986) |
26 June 1962 | 24 June 1963 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 6 | Vidoe Smilevski (1915–1979) |
25 June 1963 | 12 May 1967 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 7 | Mito Hadživasilev (1921–1968) |
12 May 1967 | 1 August 1968 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 8 | Nikola Minčev (1915–1997) |
23 December 1968 | 6 May 1974 | SKM | |
Presidents of the Presidency 1974–1991 | |||||
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 9 | Vidoe Smilevski (1915–1979) |
6 May 1974 | 31 October 1979 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 10 | Ljupčo Arsov (1910–1986) |
31 October 1979 | 29 April 1982 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 11 | Angel Čemerski (1923–2005) |
29 April 1982 | 29 April 1983 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 12 | Blagoja Taleski (1924–2001) |
29 April 1983 | 29 April 1984 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 13 | Tome Bukleski ( 1921–2018) |
29 April 1984 | 26 April 1985 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 14 | Vančo Apostolski (1925–2008) |
26 April 1985 | 28 April 1986 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| — | Mateja Matevski (1929–2018) |
28 April 1986 | 30 April 1986 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 15 | Dragoljub Stavrev (1932–2003) |
30 April 1986 | May 1988 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 16 | Jezdimir Bogdanski (1930–2007) |
May 1988 | 28 April 1990 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"| 17 | Vladimir Mitkov (born 1931) |
28 April 1990 | 27 January 1991 | SKM | |
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color; color:black;"| 18 | Kiro Gligorov (1917–2012) |
27 January 1991 | 18 September 1991 | Independent |
- Parties
LPM DA VMRO-DPMNE SDSM Independent
- Status
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Election | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
1 | Kiro Gligorov (1917–2012) | 18 September 1991 | 4 October 1995 | 4 years, 16 days | Independent | 1994 | |
– | Stojan Andov (born 1935) Acting | 4 October 1995 | 17 November 1995 | 44 days | LPM | — | |
(1) | Kiro Gligorov (1917–2012) | 17 November 1995 | 19 November 1999 | 4 years, 2 days | Independent | — | |
– | Savo Klimovski (born 1947) Acting | 19 November 1999 | 15 December 1999 | 26 days | DA | — | |
2 | Boris Trajkovski (1956–2004) | 15 December 1999 | 26 February 2004 † | 4 years, 73 days | VMRO-DPMNE | 1999 | |
– | Ljupčo Jordanovski (1953–2010) Acting | 26 February 2004 | 12 May 2004 | 76 days | SDSM | — | |
3 | Branko Crvenkovski (born 1962) | 12 May 2004 | 12 May 2009 | 5 years, 0 days | SDSM | 2004 | |
4 | Gjorge Ivanov (born 1960) | 12 May 2009 | 12 May 2019 | 10 years, 0 days | VMRO-DPMNE | 2009 2014 | |
5 | Stevo Pendarovski (born 1963) | 12 May 2019 | Incumbent | 5 years, 104 days | SDSM | 2019 |
Latest election
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
Blerim Reka | Independent | 79.888 | 10,60 | ||
Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova | VMRO-DPMNE | 318.341 | 42,25 | 377.713 | 44,73 |
Stevo Pendarovski | Social Democratic Union of Macedonia | 322.581 | 42,81 | 436.212 | 53,59 |
Invalid/blank votes | 32.696 | 4,34 | 30.437 | 3,60 | |
Total | 753.520 | 100 | 844.360 | 100 | |
Registered voters/turnout | 1.808.131 | 41,67 | 1,808,131 | 46,70 | |
Source: SEC |
See also
- List of presidents of North Macedonia by longevity
- Vice President of North Macedonia
- Prime Minister of North Macedonia
- List of presidents of the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia
References
- ^ "www.dnevnik.com.mk". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
- ^ "Infographic: What are the Monthly Salaries of Presidents in the Region". Sarajevo Times. 25 February 2018.
- ^ Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, Article 80.
- ^ Polls Open in Macedonia Presidential Elections Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014
- ^ AMENDMENT XXXI Constitution of North Macedonia
- ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia". www.sobranie.mk.
- ^ Anna Fruhstorfer; Michael Hein (12 October 2016). Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Reform of Political Systems. Springer. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-3-658-13762-5.
- ^ "Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mitkov - Faculty of Law, University of Skopje". Archived from the original on 30 June 2012.
- ^ Kiro Gligorov was elected as a President on 27 January 1991, when the Socialist Republic of Macedonia was still an official name of the state. After the change of the state's name, he continued his function as a President of the Republic of Macedonia The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia Archived 2009-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "On This Day" - Macedonian Information Agency - MIA Archived 2008-01-25 at the Wayback Machine, see: 1991 (in Macedonian)