Jump to content

Dominion of Fiji

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by OgamD218 (talk | contribs) at 08:21, 9 January 2021. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Dominion of Fiji
1970–1987
Motto: "Rerevaka na Kalou ka Doka na Tui"
"Fear God and honour the Queen"
Anthem: God Bless Fiji
CapitalSuva
Common languagesEnglish
Fijian
GovernmentConstitutional monarchy
Monarch 
• 1970–1987
Elizabeth II
Governor-General 
• 1970–1973
Robert Sidney Foster
• 1973–1983
George Cakobau
• 1983–1987
Penaia Ganilau
Prime Minister 
• 1970–1987
Kamisese Mara
• 1987
Timoci Bavadra
LegislatureParliament
Senate
House of Representatives
Historical eraCold War
• Independence
10 October 1970
• Republic proclaimed
6 October 1987
Area
197618,274 km2 (7,056 sq mi)
198618,274 km2 (7,056 sq mi)
Population
• 1976
588,068
• 1986
715,375
CurrencyFijian dollar
Calling code679
ISO 3166 codeFJ
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Colonial Fiji
Fiji
Today part of Fiji

The Dominion of Fiji was the official name of Fiji between October 1970 and 6 October 1987. When British rule ended in 1970, the Fijian Islands were given independence as a Dominion, in which the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Fiji, represented by the Governor-General. The Republic of Fiji, removing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, was proclaimed on 6 October 1987 after two military coups.

Until 1987, Fiji's highest court was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which was above the Supreme Court of Fiji in the Fijian judicial system.

History

The following Governors-General held office:

  1. Sir Robert Sidney Foster 10 October 1970 – 13 February 1973
  2. Ratu Sir George Cakobau 13 February 1973 – 12 February 1983
  3. Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau 12 February 1983 – 6/15 October 1987

The following held office as prime minister (and head of government):

  1. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara 10 October 1970 – 13 April 1987
  2. Timoci Bavadra 13 April 1987 – 14 May 1987

Elizabeth II visited Fiji before its independence in 1953, 1963 and March 1970, and after independence in 1973, 1977 and 1982.

Following the election of the ethnically Indian-dominated government of Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra (although he personally was an indigenous Fijian) on 13 April 1987, Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka carried out the first of two military coups on 14 May 1987. At first, Rabuka expressed loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II. However, Governor-General Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, in an effort to uphold Fiji's constitution, refused to swear in the new (self-appointed) government headed by Rabuka, and so Rabuka declared a republic on 6 October 1987. This was accepted by the British government on 15 October 1987, and Ganilau resigned on the same day. In a letter addressed to Queen Elizabeth II, Ganilau wrote:

"With humble duty, I wish to submit to you the following advice, acting in my capacity as your representative in Fiji. Owing to the uncertainty of the political and constitutional situation in Fiji, I have now made up my mind to request Your Majesty to relieve me of my appointment as Governor-General with immediate effect. This I do with utmost regret, but my endeavours to preserve constitutional government in Fiji have proved in vain, and I can see no alternative way forward. With deepest respect, Penaia Ganilau, Governor-General."

Following the establishment of a republic, former Governor-General Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau became the first President of Fiji, in December 1987.

References

  • "Fiji: Polity Style: 1970-2017". Archontology.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  • "Fiji: Governors-General: 1970-1987". Archontology.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  • Ben Cahoon. "Fiji". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.