National Progressive Front (Syria)

National Progressive Front

الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية
National Progressive Front الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية
President	Bashar al-Assad
Vice-President	Mohammad al-Shaar
Founder	Hafez al-Assad
Founded	1972; 52 years ago
Headquarters	Damascus
Ideology	Pro-Syrian government; Arab nationalism; Arab socialism; Pan-Arabism; Secularism; Anti-imperialism; Factions: Neo-Ba'athism; Nasserism; Communism; Syrian nationalism; Left-wing nationalism; Islamic socialism; Labourism;
Political position	Factions:; Left-wing to far-left
People's Council	200 / 250
Council of Ministers	20 / 35
Website
	pnf.org.sy
	Politics of Syria; Political parties; Elections;

The National Progressive Front (Template:Lang-ar, al-Jabha al-Waṭaniyyah at-Taqaddumiyyah, NPF) is a political alliance of parties in Syria that supports the anti-imperialist and Arab nationalist orientation of the government and accepts the "leading role in society" of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party, the largest party in the NPF.

History

The Front was established in 1972 by Syrian president Hafez al-Assad to provide for a limited degree of participation in government by political parties other than the ruling Ba'ath Party.^[2] Its constitution provides that the Ba'ath Party controls 50% plus one of the votes on its executive committee. A number of seats in the People's Council of Syria are reserved for members of NPF parties other than the Ba'ath Party. These minor parties are legally required to accept the leadership of the Ba'ath Party. The non-Ba'athist parties in the Progressive Front, for example, are not allowed to canvass for supporters in the army or the student body which are "reserved exclusively for the Ba'ath."^[3]

From 1972 to 2011, only parties participating in the NPF had been legally permitted to operate in Syria. The Legislative Decree on Parties law of 2011,^[4] Legislative Decree on General Elections Law of 2011^[5] and the new Syrian constitution of 2012^[6] introduced multi-party system in Syria.

After previously being a part of NPF, Syrian Social Nationalist Party joined the opposition, Popular Front for Change and Liberation, for the May 2012 election to the parliament. However, the SSNP supported the re-election of Bashar al-Assad in the June 2014 presidential election and subsequently rejoined the front.^[7]

Constituent parties

The NPF is currently composed of the following political parties:

Party		Leader	Ideology	People's Council of Syria	Government
style="background:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color" \|	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party^[8]	Bashar al-Assad	Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism	167 / 250	government
style="background:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color" \|	Syrian Social Nationalist Party^[8]	Fares al-Saad	Syrian nationalism Secularism	3 / 250	government
style="background:Template:Arab Socialist Union (Syria)/meta/color" \|	Arab Socialist Union Party^[8]	Safwan al-Qudsi	Nasserism Arab nationalism	3 / 250	government
	Syrian Communist Party^[8]	Ammar Bakdash	Communism Marxism-Leninism	2 / 250	government
	Socialist Unionist Party^[8]	Shaaban Shaheen^[9]	Nasserism Arab socialism	2 / 250	government
	Syrian Communist Party (Unified)^[8]	Hanin Nimir	Communism Pro-Perestroika	2 / 250	government
style="background:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color" \|	National Covenant Party^[8]	Ghassan Othman	Arab socialism Islamic socialism	2 / 250	government
	Arabic Democratic Union Party^[8]	Iyad Ghassan Osman	Nasserism Arab nationalism	1 / 250	government
	Democratic Socialist Unionist Party^[8]	Fadlallah Nasreddine	Democratic socialism Trade unionism	1 / 250	government
	Arab Socialist Movement^[10]	Omar Adnan al-Alawi	Neo-Ba'athism Arab socialism	0 / 250	external support
Associated organisations
	General Federation of Trade Unions^[8]	Yassin Tulaimat	Trade unionism Workers' rights	0 / 250	external support
	General Union of Peasants^[8]	Ahmed Saleh Ibrahim	Trade unionism Agrarianism	0 / 250	external support
style="background:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color" \|	Revolutionary Youth Union^[11]	Maan Abboud	Neo-Ba'athism Youth activism	0 / 250	external support

Electoral history

Syrian People's Council elections

Election	Seats	+/–	Position
1973	186 / 186	186	1st
1977	195 / 195	9	1st
1981	195 / 195		1st
1986	195 / 195		1st
1990	250 / 250	55	1st
1994	250 / 250		1st
1998	250 / 250		1st
2003	250 / 250		1st
2007	250 / 250		1st
2012	168 / 250	82	1st
2016	200 / 250	32	1st
2020	177 / 250	23	1st

References

^ phpline@gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Elizabeth O'Bagy (7 June 2012). "Syria's Political Struggle: Spring 2012" (Backgrounder). ISW. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
^ Seale, Patrick, Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East, University of California Press, 1989, p. 176
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "SANA Syrian News Agency - Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8". Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
^ "SSNP Supports Bashar al-Assad's Presidential Nomination". 7 May 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k phpline@gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ phpline@gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "حزب الوحدويين الاشتراكيين". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad. "Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-09-06. Retrieved 2019-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

Official website

[1] @gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[eb-2] Elizabeth O'Bagy (7 June 2012). "Syria's Political Struggle: Spring 2012" (Backgrounder). ISW. Retrieved 26 October 2014.

[3] Seale, Patrick, Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East, University of California Press, 1989, p. 176

[4] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[5] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[6] "SANA Syrian News Agency - Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8". Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.

[7] "SSNP Supports Bashar al-Assad's Presidential Nomination". 7 May 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

[auto-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k phpline@gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[9] @gmail.com - 00963 933 878 476, Mohannad Orfali-. "حزب الوحدويين الاشتراكيين". pnf.org.sy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[10] Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad. "Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi.

[11] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-09-06. Retrieved 2019-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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v t e Political parties in Syria
National Progressive Front	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party pan-Arab organization) (167 Syrian Social Nationalist Party (3) Arab Socialist Union Party (3) Socialist Unionist Party (2) Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) (3) Syrian Communist Party (Unified) (2) National Covenant Party (2) Arab Democratic Union Party (1) Democratic Socialist Unionist Party (1) Social Democratic Unionists (0) Arab Socialist Movement (0)
Popular Front for Change and Liberation	People's Will Party (0)
Unrepresented	Democratic People's Party Syrian Turkmen Assembly Syrian Turkmen Bloc Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria Syriac Union Party Democratic Arab Socialist Union Movement for Justice and Development in Syria Democratic Union Party National Youth Party Kurdish Future Movement Kurdish National Alliance in Syria Reform Party of Syria
Defunct parties	National Bloc National Party National Union People's Party League of Nationalist Action Arab National Party Arab Ba'ath Party Arab Ba'ath Movement Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party Syrian Communist Party Arab Liberation Movement Socialist Cooperation Party Arab Communist Party Communist Labour Party Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
Banned Islamist parties	Hizb ut-Tahrir Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
Kurdish parties	Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Kurdish Supreme Committee Kurdish Future Movement Kurdish National Alliance in Syria Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party
Assyrian parties	Assyrian Democratic Organization Syriac Union Party Assyrian Democratic Party
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Syria