Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin

SERPINA3
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1AS4, 1QMN, 2ACH, 3CAA, 3DLW, 4CAA
Identifiers
Aliases	SERPINA3, AACT, ACT, GIG24, GIG25, serpin family A member 3
External IDs	OMIM: 107280; MGI: 98377; HomoloGene: 111129; GeneCards: SERPINA3; OMA:SERPINA3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	94,624,055 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	104,312,403 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; body of pancreas; ; islet of Langerhans; ; gastric mucosa; ; left coronary artery; ; right coronary artery; ; gallbladder; ; left uterine tube; ; right lung; ; right ovary;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; sexually immature organism; ; pharynx; ; parotid gland; ; spinal ganglia; ; basal plate; ; medial head of gastrocnemius muscle; ; adrenal gland; ; white adipose tissue; ; duodenum;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase inhibitor activity; DNA binding; protein binding; serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity;
Cellular component	blood microparticle; extracellular exosome; intracellular anatomical structure; nucleus; platelet alpha granule lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space; secretory granule lumen; azurophil granule lumen; collagen-containing extracellular matrix;
Biological process	regulation of lipid metabolic process; negative regulation of peptidase activity; inflammatory response; maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium; acute-phase response; platelet degranulation; negative regulation of endopeptidase activity; neutrophil degranulation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	12
	20714
	ENSG00000196136
	ENSMUSG00000058207
	P01011
	P07759
	NM_001085
	NM_011458
	NP_001076
	NP_035588
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α₁AC)^[5] is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by the SERPINA3 gene.

Function

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin inhibits the activity of certain enzymes called proteases, such as cathepsin G that is found in neutrophils, and chymases found in mast cells, by cleaving them into a different shape or conformation. This activity protects some tissues, such as the lower respiratory tract, from damage caused by proteolytic enzymes.^[6]

This protein is produced in the liver, and is an acute phase protein that is induced during inflammation.

Clinical significance

Deficiency of this protein has been associated with liver disease. Mutations have been identified in patients with Parkinson disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.^[7]

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is also associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as it enhances the formation of amyloid-fibrils in this disease.^[6]

Interactions

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin has been shown to interact with DNAJC1.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196136 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058207 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
^ ^a ^b Kalsheker N (1996). "Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 28 (9): 961–4. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(96)00032-5. PMID 8930118.
^ "Entrez Gene: SERPINA3 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3".
^ Kroczynska B, Evangelista CM, Samant SS, Elguindi EC, Blond SY (March 2004). "The SANT2 domain of the murine tumor cell DnaJ-like protein 1 human homologue interacts with alpha1-antichymotrypsin and kinetically interferes with its serpin inhibitory activity". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11432–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310903200. PMC 1553221. PMID 14668352.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

External links

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.002
Alpha+1-antichymotrypsin at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article on a gene on human chromosome 14 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196136 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058207 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[loganabbrev-5] Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.

[kalsheker-6] Kalsheker N (1996). "Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 28 (9): 961–4. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(96)00032-5. PMID 8930118.

[7] "Entrez Gene: SERPINA3 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3".

[pmid14668352-8] Kroczynska B, Evangelista CM, Samant SS, Elguindi EC, Blond SY (March 2004). "The SANT2 domain of the murine tumor cell DnaJ-like protein 1 human homologue interacts with alpha1-antichymotrypsin and kinetically interferes with its serpin inhibitory activity". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11432–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310903200. PMC 1553221. PMID 14668352.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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v t e Serpins
inhibitory	Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Alpha 1-antitrypsin Alpha 2-antiplasmin Antithrombin C1-inhibitor Heparin cofactor II Protein C inhibitor Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 Protein Z-related protease inhibitor SERPINA1 SERPINA2 SERPINA3 SERPINA4 SERPINA5 SERPINA9 SERPINA14 SERPINB1 SERPINB2 SERPINB3 SERPINB4 SERPINB5 SERPINB6 SERPINB7 SERPINB8 SERPINB9 SERPINB10 SERPINB13 SERPINC1 SERPIND1 SERPINE1 SERPINE2 SERPINE2 SERPINF1 SERPING1 SERPINH1 SERPINI1 SERPINI2
Cross class inhibitory	MENT SCCA-1 CrmA
noninhibitory	Heat shock protein 47 Maspin Ovalbumin Transcortin Thyroxine-binding globulin Angiotensinogen PEDF
see also disorders of globin and globulin proteins

v t e Acute-phase proteins
Amyloid	SAP SAA
Other positive	Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Alpha 1-antitrypsin Alpha 2-macroglobulin C-reactive protein Ceruloplasmin C3 Ferritin Fibrin Haptoglobin Haptoglobin-related protein Hemopexin Orosomucoid
Negative	Serum albumin Transferrin

Function

Clinical significance

Interactions

References

Further reading

External links