Centre-left coalition (Italy)
Centre-left coalition Coalizione di centro-sinistra | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Maurizio Martina |
| Founder | Romano Prodi |
| Founded | 6 March 1995 |
| Preceded by | Alliance of Progressives Pact for Italy |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| Colours | Red (customary) |
| Chamber of Deputies | 122 / 630 |
| Senate | 60 / 315 |
| European Parliament | 28 / 73 |
| Regional Government | 13 / 20 |
The centre-left coalition (Italian: coalizione di centro-sinistra) is a political alliance of political parties in Italy active, under several forms and names, since 1995 when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi. The centre-left coalition ruled the country for more than twelve years between 1996 and 2018.
In the 1996 general election The Olive Tree consisted of the bulk of the left-wing Alliance of Progressives and the bulk of the centrist Pact for Italy, the two losing coalitions in the 1994 general election, the first under a system based primarily on first-past-the-post voting. In 2005 The Union was founded as a wider coalition to contest the 2006 general election, which later collapsed during the 2008 political crisis, with the fall of the Prodi II Cabinet.
In recent history, the centre-left coalition has been built around the Democratic Party, which was established in 2007 from a merger of the bulk of the parties affiliated to both The Olive Tree and The Union.
The Olive Tree (1995–2005)
1996–1998
In the 1996 general election and during the Prodi I Cabinet the coalition was composed of nine parties:
- ^ Six minor associate parties of the PDS would merge with that party in 1998: the Labour Federation, the Social Christians, the Republican Left, the Movement of Unitarian Communists, the Reformists for Europe, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Democratic Federation, the latter a regional party in Sardinia.
- ^ a b c d The three parties contested the election in the Populars for Prodi joint list, along with the South Tyrolean People's Party (see below).
- ^ a b c The three parties contested the election in a joint list named after Italian Renewal and the Democratic Italian Movement.
The coalition had six regional partners:
| Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Luciano Caveri |
| South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party[a] (SVP) | Regionalism | Siegfried Brugger |
| Trentino | bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" | | Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party[a] (PATT) | Regionalism | Walter Kaswalder |
| Ladin Autonomist Union (UAL) | Progressivism | Giuseppe Detomas | ||
| Veneto | Lega Autonomia Veneta (LAV) | Regionalism | Mario Rigo | |
| Sardinia | Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) | Sardinian nationalism | Franco Meloni | |
The coalition was externally supported by:
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color" | | Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) | Communism | Fausto Bertinotti |
The Olive Tree had an electoral agreement with the PRC,[1] under which some single-seat constituencies were reserved to the party, which ran under the banner of the Alliance of Progressives, the left-wing coalition (including the PDS and the PRC) which contested the 1994 general election.
1998–2001
In 1998 the Communist Refoundation Party brought down the Prodi II Cabinet.[2] with a splinter faction forming the Party of Italian Communists.[3] In 1998-2001, during the two governments led by Massimo D'Alema (I Cabinet and II Cabinet, 1998–2000) and the one led by Giuliano Amato (Amato II Cabinet, 2000–2001), the coalition was composed of eight parties:
- ^ The party did not participate in D'Alema II Cabinet and briefly formed The Clover coalition, along with the Italian Republican Party and the Union for the Republic.
2001 general election
In the 2001 general election the coalition, led by Francesco Rutelli, was composed of nine parties:
- ^ a b c d e The four parties contested the election within the Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) joint list.
- ^ a b The two parties contested the election in The Sunflower joint list.
- ^ New Country was a lista civetta.
The coalition had six regional partners:
| Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Luciano Caveri |
| bgcolor="Template:Edelweiss (Aosta Valley)/meta/color" | | Edelweiss (SA) | Regionalism | Maurizio Martin | |
| South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Siegfried Brugger |
| Trentino | Daisy Civic List (CM) | Regionalism | Lorenzo Dellai | |
| Ladin Autonomist Union (UAL) | Progressivism | Giuseppe Detomas | ||
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | With Illy for Trieste[4] | Riccardo Illy | ||
2004 EP election
In the 2004 European Parliament election, the United in the Olive Tree joint list, was composed of four parties:
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color" | | Democrats of the Left (DS) | Social democracy | Piero Fassino |
| bgcolor="Template:The Daisy/meta/color" | | Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) | Centrism | Francesco Rutelli |
| bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
| bgcolor="Template:European Republicans Movement/meta/color" | | European Republicans Movement (MRE) | Social liberalism | Luciana Sbarbati |
The coalition had three regional partners:
| Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Siegfried Brugger |
| Trentino | Daisy Civic List (CM) | Regionalism | Lorenzo Dellai | |
| Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) and allies | Regionalism | Manuela Zublena |
The Union (2005–2008)
2006 general election
In the 2006 general election the coalition was composed of thirteen parties:
- ^ a b c The three parties contested the election within The Olive Tree joint list. In 2007 they would form the Democratic Party.
- ^ a b The two parties contested elections within the Rose in the Fist joint list.
- ^ a b c d e The liberal and secular lists were supported by the Federation of Liberals.
- ^ Including the Christian Democracy, The Liberals–Sgarbi and the Southern Democratic Party.
- ^ The PSDI contested the election within The Olive Tree joint list, but the PSDI did not join the Democratic Party.
The Union was supported by the Autonomists for Europe.
The coalition had eight regional partners:
- ^ Also including the Lively Aosta Valley and the Valdostan Renewal.
- ^ a b Founding members of the Democratic Party.
The Union was also supported by Autonomists for Europe.
PD-led coalitions (2008–present)
2008 general election
In the 2008 general election the coalition, led by Walter Veltroni,[5] was composed of three parties:
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party[a] (PD) | Social democracy | Walter Veltroni |
| bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color" | | Italy of Values (IdV) | Anti-corruption politics | Antonio Di Pietro |
| bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party (2007)/meta/color" | | Socialist Party[b] (PS) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
- ^ Also including the Italian Radicals, the European Republicans Movement and the Moderates and negotiations with the Federation of Liberals failed.
- ^ only in South Tyrol (see below).
The coalition had four regional partners:
| Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley | Autonomy Liberty Democracy[a] (ALD) | Regionalism | Roberto Louvin | |
| South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party[b] (SVP) | Regionalism | Philipp Achammer |
| Trentino | bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" | | Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party[b] (PATT) | Regionalism | Ugo Rossi |
| Daisy Civic List (CM) | Regionalism | Lorenzo Dellai | ||
- ^ Also including the Lively Aosta Valley and the Valdostan Renewal.
- ^ a b The PD, IdV, the PS, the PATT, the CM and the SVP contested the senate election in a joint list in South Tyrol.[6]
2013 general election
In the 2013 general election, the coalition ran as Italy. Common Good under the leadership of Pier Luigi Bersani,[7] and was composed of four parties:
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy | Pier Luigi Bersani |
| bgcolor="Template:Left Ecology Freedom/meta/color" | | Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) | Democratic socialism | Nichi Vendola |
| bgcolor="Template:Democratic Centre (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Centre[a] (CD) | Centrism | Bruno Tabacci |
| bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party (2007)/meta/color" | | Italian Socialist Party (PSI) | Social democracy | Riccardo Nencini |
- ^ Also including Alliance for Italy and Rights and Freedom.
The coalition had four regional partners:
- ^ Associate party of Left Ecology Freedom.
The Centre-left coalition was supported by the Slovene Union.
2018 general election
In the 2018 general election the coalition is composed of four electoral lists:
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party[a] (PD) | Social democracy | Matteo Renzi |
| bgcolor="Template:More Europe/meta/color" | | More Europe[b] (+E) | Liberalism | Emma Bonino |
| bgcolor="Template:Together (Italy)/meta/color" | | Together[c] (I) | Progressivism | Giulio Santagata |
| bgcolor="Template:Popular Civic List/meta/color" | | Popular Civic List[d] (CP) | Centrism | Beatrice Lorenzin |
- ^ Including the Moderates (see below).
- ^ Including the Italian Radicals, Forza Europa, the Democratic Centre and Progressive Area.
- ^ Including the Italian Socialist Party, the Federation of the Greens and Civic Area.
- ^ Includes Popular Alternative, Italy of Values, the Centrists for Europe, Solidary Democracy, the Union for Trentino (see below) – loosely affiliated to Solidary Democracy at the national level –, Italy is Popular, the Christian Popular Union and Popular Italy.
The coalition has seven regional partners:
| Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Ennio Pastoret |
| Progressive Valdostan Union (UVP) | Regionalism | Laurent Viérin | ||
| Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss (EPAV) | Regionalism | Mauro Baccega | ||
| Piedmont | Moderates (M) | Centrism | Giacomo Portas | |
| South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Philipp Achammer |
| Trentino | bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" | | Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT) | Regionalism | Franco Panizza |
| bgcolor="Template:Union for Trentino/meta/color" | | Union for Trentino (UpT) | Regionalism | Tiziano Mellarini | |
The Centre-left coalition was also supported by the Ladin Autonomist Union[8] and the Slovene Union[9].
Electoral results
Italian Parliament
| Chamber of Deputies | ||||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 16,355,985 (#2) | 43.6 | 323 / 630
|
 108
|
||
| 2001 | 16,209,944 (#2) | 43.5 | 247 / 630
|
 75
|
||
| 2006 | 19,036,986 (#1) | 49.8 | 348 / 630
|
101
|
||
| 2008 | 13,689,303 (#2) | 37.5 | 239 / 630
|
109
|
||
| 2013 | 10,047,603 (#1) | 29.5 | 345 / 630
|
106 |
||
| 2018 | 7,506,723 (#3) | 22.9 | 122 / 630
|
223 |
||
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 14,548,006 (#1) | 44.6 | 186 / 315
|
17
|
|
| 2001 | 13,282,495 (#2) | 39.2 | 128 / 315
|
41
|
|
| 2006 | 17,118,364 (#2) | 49.2 | 158 / 315
|
30
|
|
| 2008 | 12,457,182 (#2) | 38.7 | 130 / 315
|
28
|
|
| 2013 | 9,686,683 (#1) | 31.6 | 127 / 315
|
3 |
|
| 2018 | 6,947,199 (#3) | 23.0 | 58 / 315
|
69 |
|
Regional Councils
| Region | Latest election | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley[a] | 2018 | 15,919 | 25.0 | 7 / 35
|
8 |
| Piedmont | 2014 | 930,901 (#1) | 47.8 | 32 / 50
|
10 |
| Lombardy | 2018 | 1,414,674 (#2) | 27.0 | 19 / 80
|
3 |
| South Tyrol | 2013 | 150,443 (#1) | 52.4 | 19 / 35
|
1 |
| Trentino | 2013 | 139,497 (#1) | 58.7 | 23 / 35
|
2 |
| Veneto | 2015 | 432,629 (#2) | 23.4 | 13 / 51
|
7 |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 2018 | 110,217 (#2) | 26.1 | 13 / 49
|
14 |
| Emilia-Romagna | 2014 | 597,185 (#1) | 49.7 | 32 / 50
|
|
| Liguria | 2015 | 163,647 (#2) | 30.3 | 8 / 31
|
17 |
| Tuscany | 2015 | 637,629 (#1) | 48.0 | 25 / 41
|
7 |
| Marche | 2015 | 231,143 (#1) | 43.6 | 19 / 31
|
7 |
| Umbria | 2015 | 152,159 (#1) | 43.3 | 13 / 20
|
8 |
| Lazio | 2018 | 867,393 (#2) | 34.2 | 24 / 50
|
4 |
| Abruzzo | 2014 | 312,113 (#1) | 46.4 | 18 / 31
|
2 |
| Molise | 2018 | 27,314 (#3) | 18.8 | 2 / 21
|
11 |
| Campania | 2015 | 917,395 (#1) | 40.3 | 31 / 51
|
10 |
| Apulia | 2015 | 772,699 (#1) | 48.3 | 30 / 51
|
17 |
| Basilicata | 2013 | 148,381 (#1) | 62.8 | 12 / 21
|
7 |
| Calabria | 2014 | 482,788 (#1) | 61.7 | 19 / 30
|
2 |
| Sicily | 2017 | 488,939 (#3) | 25.4 | 13 / 70
|
26 |
| Sardinia | 2014 | 289,573 (#2) | 42.4 | 36 / 60
|
9 |
- ^ In Aosta Valley the centre-left coalition ran divided.
See also
- Centre-right coalition
- Centre-left in Italy
- Alliance of Progressives
- Pact for Italy
- The Olive Tree
- The Union
- Italy. Common Good
References
- ^ Giuseppe Ieraci (2008). Governments and Parties in Italy: Parliamentary Debates, Investiture Votes and Policy Positions (1994-2006). Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-906221-72-0.
- ^ Giuseppe Ieraci (2008). Governments and Parties in Italy: Parliamentary Debates, Investiture Votes and Policy Positions (1994-2006). Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-906221-72-0.
- ^ Gianfranco Pasquino (2002). "The political context 1996-2001". In James L. Newell (ed.). The Italian General Election of 2001: Berlusconi's Victory. Manchester University Press. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-0-7190-6100-4.
- ^ "Trieste, Illy si dimette correrà per la Camera - la Repubblica.it". Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Berlusconi declares election win". BBC News. 14 April 2008.
- ^ "Svp e Insieme per le autonomie firmano il "patto di Salorno"(". 5 March 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
- ^ "Italian election results: gridlock likely – as it happened". Guardian. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Union Autonomista Ladina". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Vodstvo SSk se je sestalo z neodvisnim kandidatom za senat Riccardom Illyjem". www.slovenskaskupnost.org. Retrieved 14 August 2018.