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In 1861, Mexico ceased making interest payments to its main creditors. In response, in late 1861, France (and other European countries) attacked Mexico to try to force payment of this debt. France decided that it would try to [[French intervention in Mexico|take over and occupy Mexico]]. France was successful at first in its invasion; however, on May 5, 1862, at the city of [[Puebla]], Mexican forces were able to defeat an attack by the larger French army. In the Battle of Puebla, the Mexicans were led by General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín. Although the Mexican army was victorious over the French at Puebla, the victory only delayed the French advance on [[Mexico City]]; a year later, the French occupied Mexico. The French occupying forces placed [[Maximilian I of Mexico|Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico]] on the throne of Mexico in 1864. The French, under U.S. pressure, eventually withdrew in 1866-1867. Maximilian was deposed by President [[Benito Juarez]] and executed, five years after the Battle of Puebla.
In 1861, Mexico ceased making interest payments to its main creditors. In response, in late 1861, France (and other European countries) attacked Mexico to try to force payment of this debt. France decided that it would try to [[French intervention in Mexico|take over and occupy Mexico]]. France was successful at first in its invasion; however, on May 5, 1862, at the city of [[Puebla]], Mexican forces were able to defeat an attack by the larger French army. In the Battle of Puebla, the Mexicans were led by General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín. Although the Mexican army was victorious over the French at Puebla, the victory only delayed the French advance on [[Mexico City]]; a year later, the French occupied Mexico. The French occupying forces placed [[Maximilian I of Mexico|Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico]] on the throne of Mexico in 1864. The French, under U.S. pressure, eventually withdrew in 1866-1867. Maximilian was deposed by President [[Benito Juarez]] and executed, five years after the Battle of Puebla.


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===History of observance===
[[Image:Cinco de mayo bush.jpg|left|thumb|Cinco de Mayo dancers greeted by President George W. Bush.]]
According to a paper published by the [[UCLA]] Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture about the origin of the observance of Cinco de Mayo in the [[United States]], the modern American focus on the people of the world that day first started in [[California]] in the [[1860s]] in response to the resistance to French rule in Mexico.<ref name = UCLA> ''Southern California Quarterly'' "Cinco de Mayo's First Seventy-Five Years in Alta California: From Spontaneous Behavior to Sedimented Memory, 1862 to 1937" Spring 2007 (see [http://www.newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/Cinco-de-Mayo-Observance-Is-Important-7891.aspx?RelNum=7891 American observation of Cinco de Mayo started in California]) accessed October 30, 2007. See also [http://egpnews.com/?p=9337 History of observance of Cinco de Mayo in United States] accessed May 9, 2009.</ref> The 2007 paper notes that "The holiday, which has been celebrated in California continuously since 1863, is virtually ignored in Mexico."<ref name=UCLA/>


==Observances==
==Observances==

Revision as of 19:40, 5 November 2009

"Fifth of May" redirects here. For the date, see May 5.

Template:Confused2

Cinco de Mayo
Battle of Puebla
Observed by
Typemultinational
Observances
  • Regional celebration in Mexico of battle victory.
  • Celebration in the United States of Mexican American culture and experiences.Only somewhat celebrated in Mexico.
  • Food, music, folkloric dancing
DateMay 5, 1862

Cinco de Mayo (Spanish for "fifth of May") is a regional holiday in Mexico, primarily celebrated in the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico.[1][2] The holiday commemorates the Mexican army's unlikely victory over French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of Mexican General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín.[3][4]

The Battle was important for at least two reasons. First, although considerably outnumbered, the Mexicans defeated a much better-equipped French army. "This battle was significant in that the 4,000 Mexican soldiers were greatly outnumbered by the well-equipped French army of 8,000 that had not been defeated for almost 50 years."[5][6] Second, although countries in the Americas have been attacked since May 5, 1862, (Falkland Islands, Pearl Harbor, etc), no country in the Americas has been invaded by an army from another continent since then except for the brief occupation of two of the Alaskan Aleutian Islands by the Japanese army during World War II.[7]

Cinco de Mayo is not "an obligatory federal holiday" in Mexico, but rather a holiday that can be observed voluntarily.[8][9] While Cinco de Mayo has limited significance nationwide in Mexico, the date is observed in the United States (also voluntarily) and other locations around the world as a celebration of Mexican heritage and pride.[10] Cinco de Mayo is not Mexico's Independence Day,[11] which actually is September 16 ,[12] the most important national patriotic holiday in Mexico, nor is it The Day of the Dead, which occurs on November the 1st and 2nd.[13]

History

In 1861, Mexico ceased making interest payments to its main creditors. In response, in late 1861, France (and other European countries) attacked Mexico to try to force payment of this debt. France decided that it would try to take over and occupy Mexico. France was successful at first in its invasion; however, on May 5, 1862, at the city of Puebla, Mexican forces were able to defeat an attack by the larger French army. In the Battle of Puebla, the Mexicans were led by General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín. Although the Mexican army was victorious over the French at Puebla, the victory only delayed the French advance on Mexico City; a year later, the French occupied Mexico. The French occupying forces placed Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico on the throne of Mexico in 1864. The French, under U.S. pressure, eventually withdrew in 1866-1867. Maximilian was deposed by President Benito Juarez and executed, five years after the Battle of Puebla.

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Observances

Mexico

The holiday of Cinco de Mayo is primarily a regional holiday in Mexico. There is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country.[14] For the most part the celebrations combine food, music, and dancing.

In Mexico City, like the rest of the Mexican capitals, all the young men who serve the military services pledge allegiance to the Mexican national flag and the institutions that it represents.[citation needed]

United States

Cinco de Mayo performers at the White House

In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has taken on a significance beyond that in Mexico.[15][16][17][18] The date is perhaps best recognized in the United States as a date to celebrate the culture and experiences of Americans of Mexican ancestry, much as Columbus Day, St. Patrick's Day, Oktoberfest, and the Chinese New Year are used to celebrate those of Italian, Irish, German, and Chinese ancestry respectively. Similar to those holidays, Cinco de Mayo is observed by many Americans regardless of ethnic origin. Celebrations tend to draw both from traditional Mexican symbols, such as the Virgen de Guadalupe, and from prominent figures of Mexican descent in the United States, including César Chávez.[19] To celebrate, many display Cinco de Mayo banners while school districts hold special events to educate pupils about its historical significance. Special events and celebrations highlight Mexican culture, especially in its music and regional dancing. Examples include baile folklórico and mariachi demonstrations held annually at the Plaza del Pueblo de Los Angeles, near Olvera Street. Commercial interests in the United States have capitalized on the celebration, advertising Mexican products and services, with an emphasis on beverages,[20] foods, and music.[21][22]

Elsewhere

Cinco de Mayo celebration in Saint Paul, Minnesota

Events tied to Cinco de Mayo also occur outside Mexico and the United States. For example, a sky-diving club near Vancouver in Canada holds a Cinco de Mayo skydiving event.[23] In the Cayman Islands, in the Caribbean, there is an annual Cinco de Mayo air guitar competition.[24] As far away as the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea, revelers are encouraged to drink Mexican beer on May 5.[25]

  • Bob Dylan's song "Isis" references the date at the very beginning by narrating the title's character marriage, with the lyrics "on the fifth day of May...".
  • The band War had a minor hit with a track called "Cinco de Mayo", from their 1982 album Outlaw.
  • Ween refers to Cinco de Mayo in the song "Buenas Tardes Amigo".
  • The waltzing song "Mexico" from Cake's Prolonging the Magic album mentions Cinco de Mayo.
  • Fighting game Art of Fighting 3: The Path of the Warrior, set in the fictional Mexican-American city of Glasshill, has one stage called "Cinco de Mayo", which draws clear inspiration from this event (this is the only stage in the game to have no background music; instead, the sound of the parade running at the stage's background serves as the stage's theme).
  • Herb Alpert recorded a song called "Cinco de Mayo", which was the B-side of his hit "Spanish Flea".[26]
  • Liz Phair included a song called "Cinco de Mayo" on her Whip-Smart album in 1994.
  • American post-hardcore band Senses Fail included a song called "Cinco de Mayo" as a bonus track for its sophomore album Still Searching
  • 5 Second Films created a Cinco de Mayo movie called Don't Thinko de Mayo
  • In the AMC TV show Breaking Bad, Gomez (played by Steven Michael Quezada) invites Hank (played by Dean Norris) out for beers, saying that he was buying, Hank jokes, "You're buying? Holy crap. What, is it Cinco de Mayo already?"

See also

References

  1. ^ [1] Retrieved February 6 2009.
  2. ^ "The anniversary of the victory is celebrated only sporadically in Mexico" - National Geographic Accessed December 4, 2007
  3. ^ National Geographic: Defeat of French forces by Mexican Army Retrived February 6, 2009.
  4. ^ Library of Congress (U.S.A.) Declaration Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  5. ^ Philadelphia News Article reporting Mexican were outnumbered 2-to-1 The Bulletin: Philadelphia's Family Newspaper, "Cinco De Mayo: Join In The Celebration On The Fifth Of May", May 7, 2009. By Cheryl VanBuskirk. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  6. ^ PBS Reports French Army Knew No Defeat for Almost 50 Years. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  7. ^ The Philadelphia Bulletin "This was the last time any army from another continent invaded (Note: "invaded", not "attacked") the Americas." The Bulletin: Philadelphia's Family Newspaper, "Cinco De Mayo: Join In The Celebration On The Fifth Of May", May 7, 2009. By Cheryl VanBuskirk. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  8. ^ List of Public and Bank Holidays in Mexico April 14, 2008. This list indicates that Cinco de Mayo is not a dia feriado obligatorio ("obligatory holiday"), but is instead a holiday that can be voluntarily observed.
  9. ^ Cinco de Mayo is not a federal holiday in México Accessed May 5, 2009
  10. ^ Statement by Mexican Consular official Accessed May 8, 2007.
  11. ^ Adam Brooks. "Is Cinco De Mayo Really Mexico's Independence Day?". NBC 11 News. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  12. ^ [2] Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  13. ^ [3] Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  14. ^ "[Cinco de Mayo] is primarily a regional holiday celebrated in the Mexican state capital city of Puebla and through out the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico." Accessed May 5, 2007
  15. ^ </ref name=MexCon>"In historical terms, the battle that communities across America are preparing to celebrate this weekend isn't that significant, says John Renteria, director of Centro Civico Mexicano. The May 5, 1862, Battle of Puebla is barely even noticed in Mexico, Renteria said. But the celebration of the defeat of French invaders by an outnumbered Mexican army, led by a Texas-born general, is becoming distinctly American. "It's become more of a cultural, commercial phenomenon in terms of building awareness and educating the public about the Mexican culture," Renteria said. "It's really a U.S. day, not a Mexico thing, and that's fine with us." Statement by Mexican Consular official Accessed May 8, 2007.
  16. ^ "Cinco de Mayo has become more of [an American] holiday than a Mexican one." accessed May 5, 2007
  17. ^ "Cinco de Mayo has become a day for celebrating Mexican culture in the United States, and celebrations there easily outshine those in Mexico." Accessed May 8, 2007
  18. ^ "Today, the holiday is celebrated more in the United States than in Mexico"Accessed October 30, 2007
  19. ^ In some locations with significant non-Mexican hispanic communities, such as Florida, the celebration has grown to include non-Mexicans. Ahorre.com Accessed May 8, 2007.
  20. ^ "[Cinco de Mayo] gives us an opportunity ... to really get a jump-start on the summer beer-selling season" New York Times Business section; May 2, 2003. Accessed October 30, 2007
  21. ^ "From my perspective as a marketing professional, Cinco de Mayo has morphed into a national holiday designed by Fifth Avenue to sell alcohol and excite consumership around a party-type theme." Accessed May 5, 2007.
  22. ^ "Cinco de Mayo is not just a fiesta anymore, the gringos have taken it on as a good sales pitch." Smithsonian Institution paper Accessed May 8, 2007. "It's a commercial entry point for people who want to penetrate the Latino market," said Felix Gutierrez, a journalism professor at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication in Los Angeles." Ahorre.com Accessed May 8, 2007.
  23. ^ "Cinco de Mayo Skydiving Boogie" Accessed 2008-05-05.
  24. ^ Cayman Cinco de Mayo air guitar Accessed 2008-05-05.
  25. ^ Celebration in Malta. Accessed 2008-05-05.
  26. ^ [4]
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