Cronquist system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist (1919-1992) in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988).

Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses.

The scheme is still widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, but many botanists are adopting the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.

The system as laid out in An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 321 families and 64 orders:

References

• University of Maryland: Cronquist Family Names and Synonymy

Class Magnoliopsida

Cronquist system diagram

1. Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)
   1. Order Magnoliales
      1. Winteraceae
      2. Degeneriaceae
      3. Himantandraceae
      4. Eupomatiaceae
      5. Austrobaileyaceae
      6. Magnoliaceae (magnolia family)
      7. Lactoridaceae
      8. Annonaceae
      9. Myristicaceae
      10. Canellaceae
   2. Order Laurales
      1. Amborellaceae
      2. Trimeniaceae
      3. Monimiaceae
      4. Gomortegaceae
      5. Calycanthaceae
      6. Idiospermaceae
      7. Lauraceae (laurel family)
      8. Hernandiaceae
   3. Order Piperales
      1. Chloranthaceae
      2. Saururaceae
      3. Piperaceae(piper family)
   4. Order Aristolochiales
      1. Aristolochiaceae
   5. Order Illiciales
      1. Illiciaceae
      2. Schisandraceae
   6. Order Nymphaeales
      1. Nelumbonaceae
      2. Nymphaeaceae
      3. Barclayaceae
      4. Cabombaceae
      5. Ceratophyllaceae
   7. Order Ranunculales
      1. Ranunculaceae
      2. Circaeasteraceae
      3. Berberidaceae
      4. Sargentodoxaceae
      5. Lardizabalaceae
      6. Menispermaceae
      7. Coriariaceae
      8. Sabiaceae
   8. Order Papaverales
      1. Papaveraceae
      2. Fumariaceae
2. Subclass Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae]
   1. Order Trochodendrales
      1. Tetracentraceae
      2. Trochodendraceae
   2. Order Hamamelidales
      1. Cercidiphyllaceae
      2. Eupteleaceae
      3. Platanaceae
      4. Hamamelidaceae
      5. Myrothamnaceae
   3. Order Daphniphyllales
      1. Daphniphyllaceae
   4. Order Didymelales
      1. Didymelaceae
   5. Order Eucommiales
      1. Eucommiaceae
   6. Order Urticales
      1. Barbeyaceae
      2. Ulmaceae
      3. Cannabaceae
      4. Moraceae
      5. Cecropiaceae
      6. Urticaceae
   7. Order Leitneriales
      1. Leitneriaceae
   8. Order Juglandales
      1. Rhoipteleaceae
      2. Juglandaceae
   9. Order Myricales
      1. Myricaceae
   10. Order Fagales
       1. Balanopaceae
       2. Ticodendraceae
       3. Fagaceae
       4. Nothofagaceae
       5. Betulaceae
   11. Order Casuarinales
       1. Casuarinaceae
3. Subclass Caryophyllidae
   1. Order Caryophyllales
      1. Phytolaccaceae
      2. Achatocarpaceae
      3. Nyctaginaceae
      4. Aizoaceae
      5. Didiereaceae
      6. Cactaceae (cactus family)
      7. Chenopodiaceae
      8. Amaranthaceae
      9. Portulacaceae
      10. Basellaceae
      11. Molluginaceae
      12. Caryophyllaceae
   2. Order Polygonales
      1. Polygonaceae
   3. Order Plumbaginales
      1. Plumbaginaceae
4. Subclass Dilleniidae
   1. Order Dilleniales
      1. Dilleniaceae
      2. Paeoniaceae
   2. Order Theales
      1. Ochnaceae
      2. Sphaerosepalaceae
      3. Sarcolaenaceae
      4. Dipterocarpaceae
      5. Caryocaraceae
      6. Theaceae (tea family)
      7. Actinidiaceae
      8. Scytopetalaceae
      9. Pentaphylacaceae
      10. Tetrameristaceae
      11. Pellicieraceae
      12. Oncothecaceae
      13. Marcgraviaceae
      14. Quiinaceae
      15. Elatinaceae
      16. Paracryphiaceae
      17. Medusagynaceae
      18. Clusiaceae
   3. Order Malvales
      1. Elaeocarpaceae
      2. Tiliaceae
      3. Sterculiaceae
      4. Bombacaceae
      5. Malvaceae
   4. Order Lecythidales
      1. Lecythidaceae
   5. Order Nepenthales
      1. Sarraceniaceae
      2. Nepenthaceae
      3. Droseraceae
   6. Order Violales
      1. Flacourtiaceae
      2. Peridiscaceae
      3. Bixaceae
      4. Cistaceae
      5. Huaceae
      6. Lacistemataceae
      7. Scyphostegiaceae
      8. Stachyuraceae
      9. Violaceae (violet family)
      10. Tamaricaceae (tamarind family)
      11. Frankeniaceae
      12. Dioncophyllaceae
      13. Ancistrocladaceae
      14. Turneraceae
      15. Malesherbiaceae
      16. Passifloraceae
      17. Achariaceae
      18. Caricaceae
      19. Fouquieriaceae
      20. Hoplestigmataceae
      21. Cucurbitaceae
      22. Datiscaceae
      23. Begoniaceae
      24. Loasaceae
   7. Order Salicales
      1. Salicaceae
   8. Order Capparales
      1. Tovariaceae
      2. Capparaceae
      3. Brassicaceae
      4. Moringaceae
      5. Resedaceae
   9. Order Batales
      1. Gyrostemonaceae
      2. Bataceae
   10. Order Ericales
       1. Cyrillaceae
       2. Clethraceae
       3. Grubbiaceae
       4. Empetraceae
       5. Epacridaceae
       6. Ericaceae
       7. Pyrolaceae
       8. Monotropaceae
   11. Order Diapensiales
       1. Diapensiaceae
   12. Order Ebenales
       1. Sapotaceae
       2. Ebenaceae
       3. Styracaceae
       4. Lissocarpaceae
       5. Symplocaceae
   13. Order Primulales
       1. Theophrastaceae
       2. Myrsinaceae
       3. Primulaceae
5. Subclass Rosidae
   1. Order Rosales
      1. Brunelliaceae
      2. Connaraceae
      3. Eucryphiaceae
      4. Cunoniaceae
      5. Davidsoniaceae
      6. Dialypetalanthaceae
      7. Pittosporaceae
      8. Byblidaceae
      9. Hydrangeaceae
      10. Columelliaceae
      11. Grossulariaceae
      12. Greyiaceae
      13. Bruniaceae
      14. Anisophylleaceae
      15. Alseuosmiaceae
      16. Crassulaceae
      17. Cephalotaceae
      18. Saxifragaceae
      19. Rosaceae (rose family)
      20. Neuradaceae
      21. Crossosomataceae
      22. Chrysobalanaceae
      23. Surianaceae
      24. Rhabdodendraceae
   2. Order Fabales
      1. Mimosaceae (mimosa family)
      2. Caesalpiniaceae
      3. Fabaceae
   3. Order Proteales
      1. Elaeagnaceae
      2. Proteaceae
   4. Order Podostemales
      1. Podostemaceae
   5. Order Haloragales
      1. Haloragaceae
      2. Gunneraceae
   6. Order Myrtales
      1. Sonneratiaceae
      2. Lythraceae
      3. Penaeaceae
      4. Crypteroniaceae
      5. Thymelaeaceae
      6. Trapaceae
      7. Myrtaceae
      8. Punicaceae
      9. Onagraceae
      10. Oliniaceae
      11. Melastomataceae
      12. Combretaceae
      13. Alzateaceae
      14. Memecylaceae
      15. Rhyncocalycaceae
   7. Order Rhizophorales
      1. Rhizophoraceae
   8. Order Cornales
      1. Alangiaceae
      2. Nyssaceae
      3. Cornaceae
      4. Garryaceae
   9. Order Santalales
      1. Medusandraceae
      2. Dipentodontaceae
      3. Olacaceae
      4. Opiliaceae
      5. Santalaceae
      6. Misodendraceae
      7. Loranthaceae
      8. Viscaceae
      9. Eremolepidaceae
      10. Balanophoraceae
   10. Order Rafflesiales
       1. Hydnoraceae
       2. Mitrastemonaceae
       3. Rafflesiaceae
   11. Order Celastrales
       1. Geissolomataceae
       2. Celastraceae
       3. Hippocrateaceae
       4. Stackhousiaceae
       5. Salvadoraceae
       6. Aquifoliaceae
       7. Icacinaceae
       8. Aextoxicaceae
       9. Cardiopteridaceae
       10. Corynocarpaceae
       11. Dichapetalaceae
       12. Tepuianthaceae
   12. Order Euphorbiales
       1. Buxaceae
       2. Simmondsiaceae
       3. Pandaceae
       4. Euphorbiaceae
   13. Order Rhamnales
       1. Rhamnaceae
       2. Leeaceae
       3. Vitaceae
   14. Order Linales
       1. Erythroxylaceae
       2. Humiriaceae
       3. Ixonanthaceae
       4. Hugoniaceae
       5. Linaceae
   15. Order Polygalales
       1. Malpighiaceae
       2. Vochysiaceae
       3. Trigoniaceae
       4. Tremandraceae
       5. Polygalaceae
       6. Xanthophyllaceae
       7. Krameriaceae
   16. Order Sapindales
       1. Staphyleaceae
       2. Melianthaceae
       3. Bretschneideraceae
       4. Akaniaceae
       5. Sapindaceae
       6. Hippocastanaceae
       7. Aceraceae
       8. Burseraceae
       9. Anacardiaceae
       10. Julianiaceae
       11. Simaroubaceae
       12. Cneoraceae
       13. Meliaceae
       14. Rutaceae
       15. Zygophyllaceae
   17. Order Geraniales
       1. Oxalidaceae
       2. Geraniaceae
       3. Limnanthaceae
       4. Tropaeolaceae
       5. Balsaminaceae
   18. Order Apiales
       1. Araliaceae
       2. Apiaceae
6. Subclass Asteridae
   1. Order Gentianales
      1. Loganiaceae
      2. Retziaceae
      3. Gentianaceae
      4. Saccifoliaceae
      5. Apocynaceae
      6. Asclepiadaceae
   2. Order Solanales
      1. Duckeodendraceae
      2. Nolanaceae
      3. Solanaceae
      4. Convolvulaceae
      5. Cuscutaceae
      6. Menyanthaceae
      7. Polemoniaceae
      8. Hydrophyllaceae
      9. Retziaceae
   3. Order Lamiales
      1. Lennoaceae
      2. Boraginaceae
      3. Verbenaceae
      4. Lamiaceae
   4. Order Callitrichales
      1. Hippuridaceae
      2. Callitrichaceae
      3. Hydrostachyaceae
   5. Order Plantaginales
      1. Plantaginaceae
   6. Order Scrophulariales
      1. Buddlejaceae
      2. Oleaceae (olive family)
      3. Scrophulariaceae
      4. Globulariaceae
      5. Myoporaceae
      6. Orobanchaceae
      7. Gesneriaceae
      8. Acanthaceae
      9. Pedaliaceae
      10. Bignoniaceae
      11. Mendonciaceae
      12. Lentibulariaceae
   7. Order Campanulales
      1. Pentaphragmataceae
      2. Sphenocleaceae
      3. Campanulaceae
      4. Stylidiaceae
      5. Donatiaceae
      6. Brunoniaceae
      7. Goodeniaceae
   8. Order Rubiales
      1. Rubiaceae
      2. Theligonaceae
   9. Order Dipsacales
      1. Caprifoliaceae
      2. Adoxaceae
      3. Valerianaceae
      4. Dipsacaceae
   10. Order Calycerales
       1. Calyceraceae
   11. Order Asterales
       1. Asteraceae

Class Liliopsida

1. Subclass Alismatidae
   1. Order Alismatales
      1. Butomaceae
      2. Limnocharitaceae
      3. Alismataceae
   2. Order Hydrocharitales
      1. Hydrocharitaceae
   3. Order Najadales
      1. Aponogetonaceae
      2. Scheuchzeriaceae
      3. Juncaginaceae
      4. Potamogetonaceae
      5. Ruppiaceae
      6. Najadaceae
      7. Zannichelliaceae
      8. Posidoniaceae
      9. Cymodoceaceae
      10. Zosteraceae
   4. Order Triuridales
      1. Petrosaviaceae
      2. Triuridaceae
2. Subclass Arecidae
   1. Order Arecales
      1. Arecaceae (palm family)
   2. Order Cyclanthales
      1. Cyclanthaceae
   3. Order Pandanales
      1. Pandanaceae (pandan family)
   4. Order Arales
      1. Acoraceae
      2. Araceae
      3. Lemnaceae
3. Subclass Commelinidae
   1. Order Commelinales
      1. Rapateaceae
      2. Xyridaceae
      3. Mayacaceae
      4. Commelinaceae
   2. Order Eriocaulales
      1. Eriocaulaceae
   3. Order Restionales
      1. Flagellariaceae
      2. Joinvilleaceae
      3. Restionaceae
      4. Centrolepidaceae
   4. Order Juncales
      1. Juncaceae
      2. Thurniaceae
   5. Order Cyperales
      1. Cyperaceae
      2. Poaceae (Grass family)
   6. Order Hydatellales
      1. Hydatellaceae
   7. Order Typhales
      1. Sparganiaceae
      2. Typhaceae
4. Subclass Zingiberidae
   1. Order Bromeliales
      1. Bromeliaceae
   2. Order Zingiberales
      1. Strelitziaceae
      2. Heliconiaceae
      3. Musaceae
      4. Lowiaceae
      5. Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
      6. Costaceae
      7. Cannaceae
      8. Marantaceae
5. Subclass Liliidae
   1. Order Liliales
      1. Philydraceae
      2. Pontederiaceae
      3. Haemodoraceae
      4. Cyanastraceae
      5. Liliaceae (Lily family)
      6. Iridaceae (Iris family)
      7. Velloziaceae
      8. Aloeaceae (Aloe family)
      9. Agavaceae
      10. Xanthorrhoeaceae
      11. Hanguanaceae
      12. Taccaceae
      13. Stemonaceae
      14. Smilacaceae
      15. Dioscoreaceae
   2. Order Orchidales
      1. Geosiridaceae
      2. Burmanniaceae
      3. Corsiaceae
      4. Orchidaceae (Orchid family)