Calycanthaceae

Calycanthaceae; Temporal range: Turonian - recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Aptian record
	Calycanthus floridus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Laurales
Family:	Calycanthaceae; Lindl.
Genera
	Calycanthus (incl. Sinocalycanthus); Chimonanthus; Idiospermum;

The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a small family of flowering plants in the order Laurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species ^[3], restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:

Calycanthaceae

	Calycanthus (three species; western and southeastern North America and one species in eastern Asia)

	Chimonanthus (six species; eastern Asia)

Idiospermum (one species; Queensland, Australia)

^{[citation needed]}

They are aromatic, deciduous shrubs growing to 2–4 m tall, except for Idiospermum, which is a large evergreen tree. The flowers are white to red, with spirally arranged tepals. DNA-based phylogenies indicate the Northern Hemisphere Calycanthus and Chimonanthus diverged from each other in the mid-Miocene, while the Australian Idiospermum had already diverged by the Upper Cretaceous and likely represents a remnant of a former Gondwanan distribution of Calycanthaceae.

The oldest definitive fossil of the family is Jerseyanthus from the Turonian of New Jersey; the even earlier Araripia from the Aptian of Brazil and Virginianthus from the Albian of Virginia may also represent members of the family, but may also be stem-Calycanthaceae or more basal Laurales.^[1] In 2024, Araripia was placed in its own order, Araripiaceae.^[4]

In the APG IV system of 2016, Calycanthaceae is placed in the Laurales order in the magnoliids clade.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Laurales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
^ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
^ Pessoa, Edlley M.; Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. (2024). "New evidence on the previously unknown gynoecium of Araripia florifera (Araripiaceae, fam. nov.), a magnoliid angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte (Araripe Basin), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 153: 105715. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105715. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.

External links

[mobot-1] "Laurales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[APG3-2] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.

[Christenhusz-Byng2016-3] Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.

[4] Pessoa, Edlley M.; Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. (2024). "New evidence on the previously unknown gynoecium of Araripia florifera (Araripiaceae, fam. nov.), a magnoliid angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte (Araripe Basin), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 153: 105715. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105715. ISSN 0195-6671.

[APG4-5] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.

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