Eliteserien
 | |
| Founded | 1937 2017–present (as Eliteserien) 1990–2016 (as Tippeligaen) 1963–1989 (as 1. divisjon) 1948–1962 (as Hovedserien) 1937–1948 (as Norgesserien) |
|---|---|
| Country |  Norway |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Number of teams | 16 |
| Level on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | 1. divisjon |
| Domestic cup(s) | Norwegian Cup Mesterfinalen |
| International cup(s) | UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League |
| Current champions | Rosenborg (25th title) (2017) |
| Most championships | Rosenborg (25 titles) |
| Most appearances | Daniel Berg Hestad (473) |
| Top goalscorer | Sigurd Rushfeldt (172 goals) |
| TV partners | Discovery Networks Norway |
| Website | Eliteserien NFF Norsk Toppfotball |
| Current: 2018 Eliteserien | |
Eliteserien (Norwegian pronunciation: [e²liːtəserjən]) is a Norwegian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Norwegian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition.
Before 1937, there was no national league competition in Norway; only regional leagues and the Norwegian Cup. Starting in 1937–38, the various regional leagues in Southern Norway were aligned into eight districts, with a championship playoff between the winners to crown a national champion. This competition was called Norgesserien (English: The League of Norway). There were plans at the time to merge the district leagues into a national competition, but because of World War II, this process was delayed until after the war.
In 1948, Hovedserien (English: The Main League) was created, consisting of the 16 top teams from the district leagues, who were placed into two groups of eight, with the group winners playing for the national championship at the end of the season. This format was in place from the 1948–49 season until 1960–61, when it was decided to merge the two groups into a single top division, and have the season follow the calendar year from 1963 onwards. The 1961–62 season became a transitional season, where the 16 top-flight teams were placed in a single group, playing a season that lasted 18 months. Officially still known as Hovedserien, the 1961–62 season became informally known as Maratonserien (The Marathon League) because of its unusual length.
In 1963, a single top division containing ten teams was introduced, and the league was renamed 1. divisjon (English: 1st Division). The league was expanded to 12 teams in 1972. Teams from northern Norway were not allowed to qualify for the top flight division before 1972, and were subject to stricter promotion rules until 1979. In 1990, the league was renamed Tippeligaen, after Norsk Tipping which has been the main sponsor of the league since then.[1] However, unofficially the league was still known as 1. divisjon by most people. And ahead of the 1991-season it was decided to let the second level league of Norwegian football "inherit" the name 1. divisjon to help Tippeligaen establish as a brand.[2] In 1995, Tippeligaen was expanded to 14 teams, and in 2009 it was further expanded to 16 teams.
Starting with the 2017 season the league is called Eliteserien after NFF decided to totally drop the sponsor name from the name of the league after the 2016 season. [3]
Sixteen clubs have won the title since the inception of the league in 1937: Rosenborg (25), Fredrikstad (9), Viking (8), Lillestrøm (5), Vålerenga (5), Brann (3), Larvik Turn (3), Molde (3), Lyn (2), Start (2), Strømsgodset (2), Fram Larvik (1), Freidig (1), Moss (1), Stabæk (1) and Skeid (1). In 2010, Rosenborg became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Eliteserien campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a season is 71 by Molde in 2014.
History
The league has enjoyed tremendous popularity in Norway. In the early years, the top flight teams were divided into eleven groups from eight districts. The league champion was decided in either a knockout tournament or a final between the winners of these groups. Fredrikstad was the first champions of the league, then known as League of Norway, in the 1937–38 season. They won the two-legged final against Lyn 4–0 on aggregate. Fredrikstad defended their title in the 1938–39 season. From the 1937–38 season and until the beginning of World War II, the teams were divided into eight district groups. Also the first post-war season in 1947-48 had eleven district-based groups. Between 1948–49 and 1960–61 the top fight teams were divided into two groups, A and B. The winners of the two groups met in a two-leg final to decide the league champion. The 1950s were dominated by Fredrikstad FK and Larvik Turn. Fredrikstad won their latest league title in 1960–61, which secured their ninth title out of sixteen possible. Larvik Turn won Hovedserien three times in four seasons from 1955–56. The 1961–62 season was played during 15 months. The teams from the two groups in the 1960–61 top division were put in one group consisting of 16 teams. The 1961–62 season went on for 15 months and one half of its teams were relegated. Thus, the 1961–62 season is known as the "Marathon League".[4]
The first regular one-league season was won by Brann in 1963. Teams from Northern Norway were not allowed to gain promotion to the top division before 1972. Viking won the league four consecutive seasons beginning in 1972. Lillestrøm won back-to-back titles in 1976 and 1977. In 1979 teams from Northern Norway were given the same promotion rights as the rest of the country. In the beginning of the 1980s, Vålerengen were the dominant team, with their titles from 1981, 1983 and 1984. Rosenborg of Trondheim won the first year the league bore the name Tippeligaen in 1990. Followed by a win by Viking of Stavanger in 1991. In 1992, Rosenborg started a run of 13 consecutive titles wich lasted to the 2004 season. During the first years of Rosenborg's thirteen-year run, they won the league with substantial margins, only partly challenged by Bodø/Glimt, Molde, Lillestrøm and Brann. However, this was steadily narrowing down towards a dramatic finish in 2004, where the Trondheim team tied with Vålerenga of Oslo in game points and on goal difference, but finished ahead on number of goals scored. However, in 2005 the winning streak came to an end as Vålerenga clinched the title, one point ahead of Start of Kristiansand. Rosenborg was never in contention that season and would finish only 7th. In 2006, Rosenborg returned to the top of the league, coming back from 10 points behind Brann at the halfway point to clinch the title with a match to spare. Brann won the league in 2007, and Stabæk won their first-ever title in 2008. Rosenborg then returned for a two-year winning streak in 2009 and 2010.
Molde's back-to-back titles in 2011 and 2012 makes it the only other club to win consecutive titles in the current format, and outside Rosenborg, the first team to do so since Vålerenga in 1983 and 1984.
In 2016 it was decided to change from the sponsorship name Tippeligaen to the non-sponsorship name Eliteserien, effecting from the 2017 season.
The league has been professional since 1992.[5]
Competition format
Competition
As of the 2018 season there are 16 clubs in the Eliteserien, seven of which are located in Eastern Norway, one from Southern Norway, four are from Western Norway, and two each are from Trøndelag and north of the Arctic Circle.
During the course of a season, each club plays the others twice, home and away, for a total of 30 games for each club, and a total of 240 games in a season. The season starts in March and lasts until early November. Rounds played during the weekends are broken up into one game on Fridays, two games on Saturdays and five games on Sundays. For the final two rounds, all games start simultaneously so that no club may gain an unfair advantage by knowing the results of other games in advance of kicking off their own.
The 16 May round, which is played the day before Norway's Constitution Day, 17 May, is one of the most anticipated rounds of the season. It is often referred to as the "national day of football"[6] and since it precedes a national holiday, games usually see higher attendance than other rounds.[7]
Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, goals scored, and then head to head records used to separate teams on equal points. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned "League Winner". The title of "Norwegian Champions" is reserved for the Cup Winners. The two lowest placed teams are automatically relegated to the First Division and the top two teams from the First Division take their place. The fourteenth placed team in Eliteserien is also in danger of being relegated and must enter play-offs against one team from the First Division to stay in the top flight.
Changes in competition format
| From | To | Group(s) | Teams | Match-weeks | Season Start | Season End | Championship play-offs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1937–38 | 1937–38 | 11 | 74 | 10–12 | Autumn | Spring | Play-off with 11 teams |
| 1938–39 | 1938–39 | 75 | 10–14 | ||||
| 1947–48 | 1947–48 | 74 | 10–12 | Play-off with 8 teams | |||
| 1948–49 | 1960–61 | 2 | 16 | 14 | Play-off final with 2 teams | ||
| 1961–62 | 1961–62 | 1 | 30 | Summer | Next autumn | — | |
| 1963 | 1971 | 10 | 18 | Spring | Autumn | ||
| 1972 | 1994 | 12 | 22 | ||||
| 1995 | 2008 | 14 | 26 | ||||
| 2009 | Present | 16 | 30 |
League ranking and European qualification
In the UEFA coefficient, UEFA's rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, the league ranked 27th at the end of the 2012–2013 European season, its lowest ranking since 1993. The league's highest ranking, tenth place, came in 1998. The winners of the previous calendar year's Eliteserien enter the second qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League, while the cup winners and second placed team enter the second qualifying round of the Europa League.[8] The third placed team enters the first qualifying round of the Europa league. Norway also has an additional place in the first qualifying round of the Europa league for the 2013–2014 season due to its fair play ranking.
UEFA Rankings
UEFA association coefficients as of the end of the 2017–18 season, for league participation in the 2018–19 European football season (Previous year rank in italics):
- 27
(19) 
Belarus - 28
(29) 
Kazakhstan - 29 (25)
Norway - 30
(30) 
Slovenia - 31 (32)
Liechtenstein
Eliteserien teams in international competition
Rosenborg (11 times) and Molde (once) are the only Norwegian clubs to participate in the UEFA Champions League group stage. Rosenborg reached the quarterfinal in the 1996-97 season. They were eliminated by runners-up Juventus with 1–3 on aggregate. In the 1968–69 season, Lyn lost the European Cup Winners' Cup quarterfinal against runners-up Barcelona with 4–5 on aggregate. Brann lost the quarterfinal against Liverpool in the 1996-97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Vålerenga lost the quarterfinal against Chelsea in the 1998-99 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with 2–6 on aggregate. Rosenborg (twice), Brann and Molde have reached the round of 32 in UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League. In addition, Tromsø (twice), Viking (once) and Sarpsborg 08 (once) have participated in the UEFA Cup/Europa League group stage.
Clubs
Current members
The following sixteen clubs are competing in the Eliteserien during the 2018 season.
| Club |
Finishing position in 2017 |
First season in top division |
First season of current spell in top division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brann | 5th | 1937–38 | 2016 |
| Bodø/Glimt | 1st (OBOS-ligaen) | 1977[9] | 2018 |
| Haugesund | 10th | 1997[10] | 2010 |
| Kristiansund | 7th | 2017 | 2017 |
| Lillestrøm | 12th | 1937–38 | 1975 |
| Molde | 2nd | 1939–40 | 2008 |
| Odd | 6th | 1937–38 | 2009 |
| Ranheim | 4th (OBOS-ligaen) | 1937–38 | 2018 |
| Rosenborg | 1st | 1937–38 | 1979 |
| Sandefjord | 13th | 2006 | 2017 |
| Sarpsborg 08 | 3rd | 2011 | 2013 |
| Start | 2nd (OBOS-ligaen) | 1969 | 2018 |
| Stabæk | 9th | 1995 | 2014 |
| Strømsgodset | 4th | 1938–39 | 2007 |
| Tromsø | 11th | 1985[9] | 2015 |
| Vålerenga | 8th | 1937–38 | 2002 |
List of champions
Below is a list of the gold, silver and bronze medalists in the Norwegian top flight since its beginning in 1937–38. (The Norwegian Cup has been played since 1902, and is still officially known as the Norwegian Championship, presented with "The King's Cup".) During 1937–1948 the name of the league was Norgesserien ("The League of Norway"), 1948–1962 Hovedserien ("The Main League"), 1963–1989 1. divisjon ("1st Division"), and from 1990 Tippeligaen (sponsored name) or Eliteserien ("The Elite League", a generic name).
From 1937 until 1948, the championship was decided through a playoff between the winners of the various regional leagues in Southern Norway. From 1948 until 1961, the 16-team league was divided into two groups, and decided by a final match between the group winners. Since then it has been a round-robin decided through a league table. Bronze finals were played in 1960 and 1961; before that no bronze medals were awarded. Note that clubs from Northern Norway (including Bodø/Glimt and Tromsø IL), allegedly due to travel distance, were not allowed in the top division until 1972, but a separate Northern Norwegian Cup was played. Furthermore northern Norwegian teams had stricter promotion rules until 1979. The league did not play during the period 1940–1946 because of the 2nd World War.
See below for a list of medalists by club.
Medalists by year
The following medals have been awarded:
Note: 1 First season when North Norwegian teams was allowed to play in the Top Division.
Medalists by club
The following clubs have won one or more Eliteserien medals since 1937–38:
| Club | Founded | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Last merits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosenborg | 1917–05–19 | 25 | 7 | 3 | Gold 2017, 2016, 2015 |
| Fredrikstad | 1903–04–07 | 9 | 9 | 1 | Gold 1960–61, Silver 2008 |
| Viking | 1899–08–10 | 8 | 2 | 8 | Gold 1991, Bronze 2007 |
| Lillestrøm | 1917–04–02 | 5 | 8 | 3 | Gold 1989, Silver 2001 |
| Vålerenga | 1913–07–29 | 5 | 3 | 4 | Gold 2005, Silver 2010 |
| Molde | 1911–06–19 | 3 | 8 | 3 | Gold 2014, Silver 2017 |
| Brann | 1908–09–26 | 3 | 6 | 3 | Gold 2007, Silver 2016 |
| Larvik Turn | 1906–01–15 | 3 | – | – | Gold 1955–56 |
| Lyn | 1896–03–03 | 2 | 4 | 4 | Gold 1968, Silver 1971, Bronze 2005 |
| Strømsgodset | 1907–02–10 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Gold 2013, Silver 2015 |
| Start | 1905–09–19 | 2 | 1 | 7 | Gold 1980, Silver 2005 |
| Skeid | 1915–01–01 | 1 | 5 | 1 | Gold 1966, Silver 1967 |
| Stabæk | 1912–03–16 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Gold 2008, Bronze 2015 |
| Moss | 1906–08–28 | 1 | 1 | – | Gold 1987 |
| Fram Larvik | 1894–01–15 | 1 | – | – | Gold 1949–50 |
| Freidig | 1903–10–13 | 1 | – | – | Gold 1947–48 |
| Bodø/Glimt | 1916–09–19 | – | 3 | 1 | Silver 2003 |
| Tromsø | 1920–09–15 | – | 2 | 3 | Silver 2011 |
| Odd | 1894–03–31 | – | 2 | 2 | Bronze 2016, Bronze 2014 |
| Bryne | 1926–04–10 | – | 2 | – | Silver 1982 |
| Mjøndalen | 1910–08–22 | – | 2 | – | Silver 1986 |
| Kongsvinger | 1892–01–31 | – | 1 | 2 | Silver 1992 |
| Eik-Tønsberg | 1928–03–14 | – | 1 | 1 | Silver 1960–61 |
| Sparta | 1928–11–23 | – | 1 | – | Silver 1947–48 |
| Steinkjer | 1910–05–29 | – | 1 | – | Silver 1961–62 |
| Sarpsborg | 1903–05–08 | – | – | 2 | Bronze 1965 |
| HamKam | 1918–08–10 | – | – | 1 | Bronze 1970 |
| Haugesund | 1993–10–28 | – | – | 1 | Bronze 2013 |
| Sarpsborg 08 | 2008–01–15 | – | – | 1 | Bronze 2017 |
| 72 | 72 | 58 | |||
Honoured clubs
Clubs in European football are commonly honoured for winning multiple league titles and a representative golden star is sometimes placed above the club badge to indicate the club having won 10 league titles. In Norway the star symbolizes 10 Eliteserien titles. Rosenborg was the first team to introduce a star when they won their 10th title in 1995. No club has introduced a star since 2006, when Rosenborg won their 20th league title to put a second star on their badge. The clubs closest to their first are Fredrikstad with 9 Eliteserien titles and Viking with 8 Eliteserien titles. The following table is ordered after number of stars followed by number of Eliteserien titles.
- Statistics updated as of the end of the 2017 season
| Club | Eliteserien titles | Stars | Introduced 1st star | Introduced 2nd star |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosenborg | 25 | 
|
1995 | 2006 |
Sponsorship
From 1990 to 2016, Eliteserien had title sponsorship rights sold to Norsk Tipping.
| Period | Sponsor | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1937–1948 | No sponsor | Norgesserien |
| 1948–1962 | Hovedserien | |
| 1963–1989 | 1. divisjon | |
| 1990–2016 | Norsk Tipping | Tippeligaen |
| 2017– | No sponsor | Eliteserien |
Eliteserien has a number of official partners and suppliers. The official ball supplier for the league is Select who on 27 October 2017 signed the first ever contract to deliver official balls for Eliteserien.[11] The three-year[12] deal began from the start of the 2018 season.
Stadiums
Since the competition format was changed to a one-group top flight in 1963, Eliteserien football has been played in 56 stadiums. As of the start of the 2018 season, Ullevaal Stadion has hosted the most matches in the top flight with 697. Since the opening of Vålerenga's new stadium Intility Arena in August 2017, no clubs in Eliteserien use Ullevaal Stadion as their home ground. Two stadiums that have seen Eliteserien football (1963–) have now been demolished.
The stadiums for the 2018 season show a large disparity in capacity: Lerkendal Stadion, the home of Rosenborg, has a capacity of 21,405 with Extra Arena, the home of Ranheim, having a capacity of 3,000. The combined total capacity of Eliteserien in the 2018 season is 161,043 with an average capacity of 10,065.
The Eliteserien's record average attendance was set during the 2007 season. This record attendance recorded an average attendance of 10,521 with a total attendance of just under 2 million. The 2 million mark was crossed after the 2009 league extension to sixteen teams. 2,151,219 was the total attendance in 2009, which is the record total attendance.
Managers
Managers or head coaches in the Eliteserien are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the structure of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences.[13] The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Eliteserien on a permanent basis.
In the 2018 season, five managers has been sacked, the most recent being the most recent being Kåre Ingebrigtsen of Rosenborg.[14] Tor Ole Skullerud of Strømsgodset resigned on 6 June. [15]
| Manager | Club(s) | Wins | Winning years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nils Arne Eggen
|
Rosenborg, Moss | 15 | 1971, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010 |
| Kåre Ingebrigtsen
|
Rosenborg | 3 | 2015, 2016, 2017 |
| Oddvar Hansen
|
Brann | 2 | 1961–62, 1963 |
| Karsten Johannessen
|
Start | 1978, 1980 | |
| Kjell Schou-Andreassen
|
Viking | 1972, 1982 | |
 Gunder Bengtsson
|
Vålerenga | 1983, 1984 | |
| Erik Hamrén
|
Rosenborg | 2009, 2010 | |
| Ole Gunnar Solskjær
|
Molde | 2011, 2012 |
| Nat. | Name | Club | Appointed | Time as manager |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dag-Eilev Fagermo | Odd | 17 December 2007 | 16 years, 147 days |
|
Christian Michelsen | Kristiansund | 6 February 2014 | 10 years, 96 days |
|
Geir Bakke | Sarpsborg 08 | 1 January 2015 | 9 years, 132 days |
|
Lars Arne Nilsen | Brann | 29 May 2015 | 8 years, 349 days |
|
Ole Gunnar Solskjær | Molde | 21 October 2015 | 8 years, 204 days |
|
Svein Maalen | Ranheim | 28 October 2015 | 8 years, 197 days |
|
Eirik Horneland | Haugesund | 12 August 2016 | 7 years, 274 days |
|
Ronny Deila | Vålerenga | 21 October 2016 | 7 years, 204 days |
 |
Simo Valakari | Tromsø | 12 July 2017 | 6 years, 305 days |
|
Kjetil Knutsen | Bodø/Glimt | 17 November 2017 | 6 years, 177 days |
 |
Martí Cifuentes | Sandefjord | 31 May 2018 | 5 years, 347 days |
|
Kjetil Rekdal | Start | 1 June 2018 | 5 years, 346 days |
|
Bjørn Petter Ingebretsen | Strømsgodset | 7 June 2018 | 5 years, 340 days |
|
Henning Berg | Stabæk | 4 July 2018 | 5 years, 313 days |
|
Jörgen Lennartsson | Lillestrøm | 13 July 2018 | 5 years, 304 days |
 |
Rini Coolen (interim) | Rosenborg | 19 July 2018 | 5 years, 298 days |
Attendance
Until 1994, the league consisted of 12 teams (132 matches a year). The number was raised to 14 teams (182 matches a year) in 1995 and to 16 teams (240 matches a year) in 2009. Attendances reached peaks in 1977 and 2007, and were at their lowest in 1986.[16]
The record for highest average home attendance for a club was set by Rosenborg in 2007 (19,903 over 13 home matches). 12 October 1985 saw the record for highest attendance at a match, with 28,569 in the game between Rosenborg and Lillestrøm at Lerkendal Stadion. The highest ever average attendance for Eliteserien as a whole was set in 2007 with 10,521.
|
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Players
Individual records
Most appearances
| Number | Player | Years | Matches |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel Berg Hestad
|
1993–2016 | 473 |
| 2 | Morten Berre
|
1996–2015 | 452 |
| 3 | Roar Strand
|
1989–2010 | 439 |
| 4 | Frode Kippe
|
1997–present | 421 |
| 5 | Espen Hoff
|
1999–2016 | 406 |
| 6 | Øyvind Storflor
|
1999–present | 396 |
| 7 | Christer Basma
|
1993–2008 | 350 |
| 8 | Ola By Rise
|
1977–1995 | 346 |
| 9 | Runar Berg
|
1990–2009 | 345 |
| 10 | Freddy dos Santos
|
1996–2011 | 337 |
Last updated: 7 October 2018. Source: rsssf.com.
Most goals scored
| Number | Player | Years | Goals | Matches | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sigurd Rushfeldt
|
1992–2011 | 172 | 299 | 0.58 |
| 2 | Harald Martin Brattbakk
|
1990–2005 | 166 | 255 | 0.65 |
| 3 | Petter Belsvik
|
1989–2003 | 159 | 292 | 0.54 |
| 4 | Odd Iversen
|
1967–1982 | 158 | 225 | 0.70 |
| 5 | Per Kristoffersen
|
1956–1968 | 145 | 194 | 0.75 |
| 6 | Frode Johnsen
|
1999–2015 | 132 | 301 | 0.45 |
| 7 | Thorstein Helstad
|
1995–2013 | 116 | 234 | 0.50 |
| Bengt Sæternes
|
1996–2011 | 116 | 280 | 0.41 | |
| 9 | Jostein Flo
|
1987–2001 | 114 | 213 | 0.54 |
| 10 | Arild Sundgot
|
1995–2011 | 111 | 325 | 0.34 |
Last updated: Start of the 2018 season. Source: rsssf.com.
Foreign players
Awards
Trophy
The winners of Eliteserien win two trophies. One small trophy in silver which they keep and one bigger trophy which are held only by reigning champions.[19] The big trophy was introduced in 2012 and all winners from 2012 and onwards will get its club's name engraved on it. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.
See also
- Toppserien (Women's top division)
- Norwegian football top scorers
- List of football clubs in Norway
- List of Eliteserien Champions from 1938 to present time
Notes and references
- ^ Johansen, Magne (26 October 1989). "Tippemillionene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 35.
- ^ Dehlin, Håkon (7 December 1990). "Alle rykker opp". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 26.
- ^ Fotballforbund, Norges. "Tippeligaen endrer navn til Eliteserien i 2017". Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Eliteserien" (in Norwegian). Eliteserien. 27 November 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ Sæther, Esten O. (7 August 2009). "Alle heiet underveis". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 8 August 2009.
- ^ In Norwegian "fotballens nasjonaldag"
- ^ Per Svein (16 May 2011). "Nok en 16. Mai kamp i Bergen" (in Norwegian). IK Start. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Access list for European Cup Football 2013/2014, xs4ll.nl, accessed 13 July 2013
- ^ a b Northern Norwegian teams were not allowed to qualify for the top flight division before 1972.
- ^ FK Haugesund is the result of a merger between SK Haugar and Djerv 1919. These two clubs participated in the Norwegian top flight in 1981 and 1988, respectively.
- ^ "Historisk avtale: Nå skal alle spille med denne ballen". eurosport.no (in Norwegian). Eurosport. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ "FELLES LIGABALL I ELITESERIEN OG TOPPSERIEN". eliteserien.no (in Norwegian). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ White, Duncan (5 December 2005). "The Knowledge". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
- ^ "Styrelederen om sparkingen av Ingebrigtsen: – Ubehagelig og tøft" (in Norwegian). NRK. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ "Skullerud ferdig i Strømsgodset: – Ugunstig tidspunkt" (in Norwegian). NRK. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ^ "Norwegian attendances". Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ Torjusen, Thomas (12 November 2013). "Publikumsøkning for alle medaljelagene" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ "altomfotball.no: Eliteserien, 2014 - Statistikk". Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Denne blir det umulig å vinne til odel og eie". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 23 May 2018.
External links
- Football Association of Norway
- All-time Eliteserien table from 1963 to 2004
- Tippeligaen Stats, Fixtures, Results and Team Profiles
- Norway – List of Champions, RSSSF.com
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