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A Church and Rathaus (town hall) backdrop the German flag and construction in Nußloch, Baden-Württemberg. (2011)

2011 in Germany are the events and situation of the Federal Republic of Germany in the year 2011, the state of its land and people in that year. In 2011 Germany was recognized for having the most positive influence in the world.[1] In 2011 it was the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 20%)[2] and the third largest contributor to the UN (providing 8%).[3] Germany hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and Eurovision Song Contest and ended conscription in the Bundeswehr.[4][5] In education, Germany achieved a third best result for University rankings.[6]

Incumbents

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Christian Wulff
Angela Merkel

Aerospace

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Fuzzy image of ROSAT, in its last days

A German X-ray observatory in Space called ROSAT, last active in 1999, re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 23 October 2011.[7] It had been launched in 1990.[8]

The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) provided the framing cameras for the Dawn spacecraft, which arrived at asteroid 4 Vesta in mid-2011.[9][10] The DLR, which is Germany's space agency took on Hansjörg Dittus as an executive Board member for space research and development in June.[11]

Another space project Germany was involved with was the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), which was funded by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters and the DLR. RAD was developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the extraterrestrial physics group at Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.[12] RAD was the first of ten MSL instruments to be turned on, on the route to Mars. It will characterize the broad spectrum of radiation environment found inside the spacecraft.[12]

Bundeswehr

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In May 2011 the German Bundeswehr had 188,000 professional soldiers and 31,000 18‑ to 25‑year‑old conscripts who served for at least six months.[13] The German government announced plans to reduce the number of soldiers to 170,000 professionals and up to 15,000 short-time volunteers (voluntary military service).[14] Reservists are available to the Armed Forces and participate in defence exercises and deployments abroad, a new reserve concept of their future strength and functions was announced 2011.[14] As of April 2011, the German military had about 6,900 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including about 4,900 Bundeswehr troops in the NATO-led ISAF force in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, 1,150 German soldiers in Kosovo, and 300 troops with UNIFIL in Lebanon.[15]

Until 2011, military service was compulsory for men at age 18, and conscripts served six-month tours of duty; conscientious objectors could instead opt for an equal length of Zivildienst (civilian service), or a six-year commitment to (voluntary) emergency services like a fire department or the Red Cross. On 1 July 2011 conscription was officially suspended and replaced with a voluntary service.[4][16]

Churches

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Newly constructed in 2011, Angélique Arnauld Church

The Pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, made his first official visit to Germany in 2011.[17] In 2011, there were 25 million Catholics in Germany, which is about one third of the population.(BBC, 2011)[17] Pope Benedict XVI was welcomed by the Chancellor and the President of Germany, and then made visits across the country, such as with leaders of the Lutheran Church.[17]

Chancellor

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The Chancellor of Germany was named the fourth most powerful person in the world in 2011.[18] A poll in August 2011 found the Chancellor's coalition with 36% support.[19]

Elections

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There were a number of elections in Germany in 2011 including:

Sporting events

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Some examples of sporting events hosted in Germany.

Music and Movies

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On 14 May 2011, there was a Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf, Germany.

See also: List of number-one hits of 2011 (Germany)

Renewable energy

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Flowers bloom in spring at Schlosspark Herrenhausen, Hannover, Germany. (2011)

By January 2011, around 17% of electricity, 8% of heat and 6% of fuel used in Germany was generated from renewable sources, reducing Germany's energy imports (DENA, 2011).[21] By early 2011, the renewable energy industry employed more than 350,000 people in Germany, up from 30,000 people in 1998. Germany hosted businesses like Enercon, Nordex and REpower Systems in the wind industry and Q-Cells, Schott Solar and SolarWorld in the solar industry. Germany was one of the world's three major renewable energy economies (Renewable Energy Network 21, 2011).[22]

In 2011, Germany's federal government worked on a plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization,[23] with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.[24] Among many ongoing developments in wind power, the Baltic 1 wind farm was commissioned on 2 May 2011.[25]

Eight nuclear power reactors in Germany were declared shutdown on 6 August 2011: Biblis A and B, Brunsbuettel, Isar 1, Kruemmel, Neckarwestheim 1, Philippsburg 1 and Unterweser.[26]

See also: Solar power in Germany and Wind power in Germany

Incumbents

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Federal level

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Christian Wulff
Angela Merkel

State level

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Events

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Nuclear power plants in Germany (Date: 2010)

Deaths

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Bernd Eichinger
Otto von Habsburg
Loriot
Rudolf Mössbauer
Christa Wolf
Johannes Heesters

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Views of US Continue to Improve in 2011 BBC Country Rating Poll". Worldpublicopinion.org. 7 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  2. ^ "The EU budget 2011 in figures". European Commission. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  3. ^ "United Nations regular budget for the year 2011". UN Committee on Contributions. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  4. ^ a b Connolly, Kate (22 November 2010). "Germany to abolish compulsory military service". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  5. ^ "Japan edge USA for maiden title". FIFA. 17 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  6. ^ "German universities in the 2010 QS World University Rankings® - Topuniversities". Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  7. ^ "ROSAT – latest news". DLR Portal. 25 October 2011. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ Rayman, Marc; Thomas C. Fraschetti; Carol A. Raymond; Christopher T. Russell (5 April 2006). "Dawn: A mission in development for exploration of main belt asteroids Vesta and Ceres" (PDF). Acta Astronautica. 58 (11): 605–616. Bibcode:2006AcAau..58..605R. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.01.014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  10. ^ Jonathan Amos (17 July 2011). "Dawn probe orbits asteroid Vesta". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  11. ^ "DLR Portal – Professor Hansjörg Dittus – new DLR Executive Board Member for Space". DLR Portal. German Aerospace Center. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ a b "SwRI Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Homepage". Southwest Research Institute. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  13. ^ "Die Stärke der Streitkräfte" (in German). Bundeswehr. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  14. ^ a b "Ausblick: Die Bundeswehr der Zukunft" (in German). Bundeswehr. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  15. ^ "Einsatzzahlen – Die Stärke der deutschen Einsatzkontingente" (in German). Bundeswehr. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  16. ^ Pidd, Helen (16 March 2011). "Marching orders for conscription in Germany, but what will take its place?". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  17. ^ a b c "BBC – Last Pope Benedict making first official visit to Germany (September 2011)". Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  18. ^ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2017. (this source has since changed)
  19. ^ "German opposition hits 11-year high in polls". France24. 5 August 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
  20. ^ "Rot-Grün – das ist die neue große Koalition". Die Welt. 22 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  21. ^ German Renewable Energies Agency (Deutsche Erneuerbare Energien Agentur, DENA), January 2011, DENA Archived 21 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Renewable Energy Network for the 21st century, February 2011, .pdf Archived 2012-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "100% renewable electricity supply by 2050". Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. 26 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  24. ^ Schultz, Stefan (23 March 2011). "Will Nuke Phase-Out Make Offshore Farms Attractive?". Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  25. ^ Connor, Richard; Darren Mara (2 May 2011). "Offshore wind park powers German hopes for non-nuclear future". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  26. ^ IAEA. "Power Reactor Information System" (2011 Highlights). Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  27. ^ "Jörg Kachelmann ist gerichtlich rehabilitiert - Panorama - Badische Zeitung". Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  28. ^ "A legend leaves the stage: Johannes Heesters, 1903-2011 - Alan Nothnagle - Open Salon". Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  29. ^ [1] Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (German)
  30. ^ "Eurodressage | Home". Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
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