Kushiro
Kushiro
釧路市 | |
|---|---|
 Top:Kushiro Wetland Park, 2nd left:Lake Akan, 2nd right Port of Kushiro, 3rd: Mount Akan-Fuji, Bottom left:Kushiro Ramen, Bottom right:Kushiro Fisherman's Wharf | |
 Flag  Emblem | |
 Location of Kushiro in Hokkaido (Kushiro Subprefecture) | |
  Kushiro Location in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 42°59′N 144°23′E / 42.983°N 144.383°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Hokkaido |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido (Kushiro Subprefecture) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ebina Hiroya |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,362.75 km2 (526.16 sq mi) |
| Population (January 31, 2020) | |
| • Total | 167,875 |
| • Density | 123/km2 (320/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| City hall address | 7-5 Kuroganechō, Kushiro-shi, Hokkaido 085-8505 |
| Website | www |
| Symbols | |
| Flower | Nasturtium |
| Tree | Syringa reticulata |
Kushiro (釧路市, Kushiro-shi) is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. It serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island.
History
An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Kushiro as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[1]
Kushiro has been an important port because it is more reliably ice-free during winter than alternative Russian Far East warm-water ports such as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky or other ports in Hokkaido such as Hakodate, which occasionally do freeze for short periods due to the lower salinity of the Sea of Japan. For this reason, Kushiro was considered a valuable target for the Tsars during the Russo-Japanese Wars, but it only became a really important port during the 1920s with the growth of commercial fishing, for which its reliable freedom from ice reduced costs.[2]
In addition to its port, Kushiro is serviced by Kushiro Airport with flights from Honshu and by the Ōzora limited express train service, which runs six times per day to the main population centres in the west of Hokkaido.
In July 1945 the city of Kushiro was attacked by American naval aircraft, hundreds of people were killed.[3] Following the Invasion of the Kuril Islands in August 1945, Kushiro was favoured by the Russians as the eastern cornerstone of a border between an American-occupied south and a Soviet-occupied north-coupled with Rumoi as the western cornerstone. However, these plans were cancelled after pressure by US President Harry S. Truman.[4][5][6][7]
On October 11, 2005, the town of Akan, from Akan District, and the town of Onbetsu, from Shiranuka District, was merged into Kushiro. The town of Shiranuka now lies between the two sections of Kushiro.
In 2008, the city had an estimated population of 189,539 and a total area of 1,362.75 km2 (526.16 sq mi), giving a population density of 140 persons per km2 (363 persons per sq. mi.).
Kushiro was one of the many Japanese cities to receive a Peace Pagoda. Built by the monks and nuns of the Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji, it was inaugurated in 1959.
Kushiro was accorded city status on 1 August 1922. It is the sister city of Burnaby, British Columbia; Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; and Kholmsk, Russia.[8]
- 1869: Kusuri becomes Kushiro.
- 1900: Kushiro becomes a First Class Municipality as Kushiro Town.
- 1920: Kushiro Town becomes Kushiro-ku. Kushiro Village (now Town) splits off.
- 1922: Kushiro-ku becomes Kushiro City.
- 1949: Tottori-cho was merged into Kushiro City.
- 2005: The old city of Kushiro City, Akan Town, and Onbetsu Town merged was expanded city of Kushiro City.
Geography
Mountains
- Mount Oakan
- Mount Meakan
- Mount Akan-Fuji
Rivers
- Kushiro River
- Akan River
- Shitakara River
Lakes
- Lake Akan
- Lake Harutori
- Lake Panketō
- Lake Penketō
- Lake Shunkushitakara
National Parks
Climate
Kushiro has a humid continental climate (Dfb) but its winter temperatures are less severe than those of inland East Asia at the same latitude. Its port is the most reliably ice-free throughout winter in all of Hokkaido, due to the lack of indentation in the coastline and absence of large inflows of cold fresh water nearby. It is also markedly sunnier than the extremely gloomy Kuril Islands to its north, being sheltered by Hokkaido's mountains from the heavy snowfalls produced on the Sea of Japan side by the Aleutian Low. It receives only a third as much snowfall as Sapporo and almost twice as much sunshine as the Kuril Islands are estimated to.
| Climate data for Kushiro/Kenebetsu weather station, 14m amsl (WMO identifier: 47418) 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1910−present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.1 (88.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.3 (−18.9) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−28.3 (−18.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.4 (1.59) |
24.8 (0.98) |
55.9 (2.20) |
79.4 (3.13) |
115.7 (4.56) |
114.2 (4.50) |
120.3 (4.74) |
142.3 (5.60) |
153.0 (6.02) |
112.7 (4.44) |
64.7 (2.55) |
56.6 (2.23) |
1,080.1 (42.52) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 32 (13) |
27 (11) |
31 (12) |
7 (2.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
4 (1.6) |
26 (10) |
127 (50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) | 6.4 | 5.6 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 110.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 69 | 71 | 77 | 80 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 84 | 76 | 69 | 67 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.7 | 183.1 | 200.8 | 182.2 | 177.5 | 126.8 | 118.9 | 117.6 | 143.9 | 177.0 | 167.6 | 175.6 | 1,957.6 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[9] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Kushiro Airport weather station, 94.8m amsl (WMO identifier: 47489) 1985−2015 dewpoints | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −11 (12) |
−10 (14) |
−6 (21) |
−1 (30) |
5 (41) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
13 (55) |
6 (43) |
−2 (28) |
−8 (18) |
2 (36) |
| Source: Time and Date[10] | |||||||||||||
Education
Universities
National
- Hokkaido University of Education, Kushiro Campus
Public
Colleges
National
Private
High schools
Public
- Hokkaido Kushiro Koryo High School
- Hokkaido Kushiro Konan High School
- Hokkaido Kushiro Meiki High School
- Hokkaido Kushiro Commercial High School
- Hokkaido Kushiro Technical High School
- Hokkaido Kushiro Hokuyo High School
- Hokkaido Akan High School (Municipal)
Private
- Bushukan High School
- Ikegami Gakuen High School, Kushiro Campus
Transportation
- Kushiro Airport
- Port of Kushiro
- JR Hokkaido
- Nemuro Main Line : Chok- Onbetsu - (Shiranuka, Hokkaido) - Otanoshike - Shin-Otanoshike - Shin-Fuji - Kushiro - Higashi-Kushiro - Musa
- Senmō Main Line : Higashi-Kushiro
- Taiheiyō Coal Services and Transportation Rinkō Line
Sports
Ice hockey is one of the most popular winter sports in Kushiro. In addition to several leagues devoted to amateur play of all ages, Kushiro is home to the Asia League Ice Hockey Nippon Paper Cranes, three time Asia League Champions.
Kushiro and many other cities are interested in hosting bandy teams.[11] On January 8, 2017, the township of Akan hosted the first national championship,[12] although the size of the field was a smaller version than the official rules for a bandy field. In January 2018, the first championship on a full-sized field took place in Shintoku, with participation from three teams, including FACEOFF Kushiro.[13] The national team for women is based in Kushiro and made its World Championship debut in 2020.[14]
Notable people
- Kazuhiko Chiba, footballer
- Yutaka Fukufuji, ice hockey goaltender
- Yukinobu Hoshino, manga artist
- Akira Ifukube, composer
- Keisuke Itagaki, manga artist
- Saori Kitakaze, sprinter
- Satoshi Kon, anime film director
- Luna H. Mitani, visual artist
- Hiromi Nagakura, photographer
- Maki Nomiya, singer (Pizzicato Five)
- Shinji Somai, film director
- Aina Takeuchi, ice hockey defenseman
- Kazuro Watanabe, astronomer
Sister cities
Yuzawa, Akita, Japan (since 1963)- Tottori, Tottori, Japan (since 1963)
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (since 1965)
Kholmsk, Kholmsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia (since 1975)- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka Krai, Russia (since 1998)
Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia (since 1994)[15]
References
- ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
- ^ Port of Kushiro
- ^ The Asahi Shimbun. "朝日新聞デジタル：空襲の記憶 風化させぬ - 北海道 - 地域". www.asahi.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 14 April 2022 suggested (help) - ^ Holloway, David, ‘Jockeying for Position in the Postwar World: Soviet Entry into the War with Japan in August 1945’, in The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals, ed. by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), pp. 145-188 (pp. 178-179).
- ^ Nimmo, William F (2001). Stars and Stripes Across the Pacific: The United States, Japan, and Asia page 237. ISBN 9780275964535. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ Clark, Gregory (August 22, 2014). "How WWII could have ended". Japan Times. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ Yumashev, Ivan (August 19, 1945). "REPORT BY IVAN YUMASHEV TO ALEKSANDR VASILEVSKY". Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ Russian presence in Japan Archived August 21, 2011, at WebCite
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
- ^ "Climate & Weather Averages at Kushiro Airport weather station". Time and Date. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Greetings from Yukiaki Okada President Japan Bandy Federation
- ^ "鈴木貴子『あの噂のスポーツが阿寒にやって来た！～私を五輪につれてって♥～』".
- ^ https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=sv&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fnews%2F9968%2F
- ^ "北海道ニュースリンク | 北海道の情報配信サイト".
- ^ "Port Stephens Council: Port Stephens Sister Cities". 2007-09-27. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
External links
Kushiro travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official Website (in Japanese)
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