List of horror films of the 1930s
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A list of horror films released in the 1930s. The American horror film was properly created in the 1930s, most notably the Universal Horror film productions.[1] A number of Hollywood actors made a name for themselves in horror films of this decade, in particular Bela Lugosi (Dracula, 1931) and Boris Karloff (Frankenstein,1931). Films of this era frequently took their inspiration from the literature of gothic horror[2] and more often dealt with themes of science versus religion rather than supernatural themes.[3]
Many horror films of this era provoked public outcry and censors cut many of the more violent and gruesome scenes from such films as Frankenstein, The Black Cat and Island of Lost Souls.[4][5] In the 1933, the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) introduced an "H" rating for films labeled "Horrific" for "any films likely to frighten or horrify children under the age of 16 years"[6] and only a year later Hollywood initiated a strict production code limiting the violence and sexuality that could be portrayed in films.[7] In 1935, the President of the BBFC Edward Shortt, wrote "although a separate category has been established for these [horrific] films, I am sorry to learn they are on the increase...I hope that the producers and renters will accept this word of warning, and discourage this type of subject as far as possible."[6] As the United Kingdom was a significant market for Hollywood, American producers listened to Shortt's warning, and the number of Hollywood produced horror films decreased in 1936.[6] A trade paper Variety reported that Universal Studios abandonment of horror films after the release of Dracula's Daughter was that "European countries, especially England are prejudiced against this type product [sic]."[6]
At the end of the decade, a profitable re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein would encourage Universal to produce Son of Frankenstein (1939), starting off a resurgence of the horror film that would continue into the mid-1940s.[8]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FredricMarch1939.jpg/220px-FredricMarch1939.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Poster_-_White_Zombie_01_Crisco_restoration.jpg/220px-Poster_-_White_Zombie_01_Crisco_restoration.jpg)
References
- ^ Chibnall 2002, p. 58.
- ^ Worland 2007, p. 55.
- ^ Rhodes 2001, p. 19.
- ^ Baumgartner 2008, p. 217.
- ^ Prince 2004, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d Chibnall 2002, p. 59.
- ^ Doherty, Thomas "The Code Before 'Da Vinci'" Washington Post (May 20, 2006)
- ^ Worland 2007, p. 68.
- ^ "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931)". Allmovie. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
- ^ Rhodes 2001, p. 13
- ^ Prawer 1989, p. 68
- ^ Wollstein, Hans J. "The Bat Whisperers". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah AFI 1993, p. 1090.
- ^ Erickson, Hal. "Dracula (Spanish Version)". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Wollstein, Hans J. "The Phantom". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ "Castle Sinister". 75 Most Wanted. British Film Institute National Archive. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ a b Mank 2001, p. xvii.
- ^ Brennan, Sandra. "Kongo". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Mank 2001, p. xvi.
- ^ Hardy 1995, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Hardy 1995, pp. 54–55.
- ^ Wells 2000, p. 50.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 56.
- ^ Brennan, Sandra. "The Monkey's Paw". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 57.
- ^ Firsching, Robert. "Chloe". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 60.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 59.
- ^ Chibnall, 2002. p. 64
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 63.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 64.
- ^ Erickson, Hal. "The Devil-Doll". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ a b Hardy 1995, p. 66.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 65.
- ^ Hobart, Tana. "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hobart, Tana. "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" (DVD). Allrovi. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
- ^ Blaise, Judd. "Buried Alive". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hardy 1995, p. 67.
- ^ Hardy 1995, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Bush, John. "Pocomania". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Binion, Cavett. "The Face at the Window". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Blackburn, Steve. "The Gorilla". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Hardy 1995, pp. 68–69.
- ^ Brennan, Sandra. "The Return of Dr. X". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Eder, Bruce. "Torture Ship". Allrovi. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
Citations
- American Film Institute (1993). The American Film Institute catalog of motion pictures produced in the United States, Volume 1, Part 2. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07908-6.
- Baumgartner, Holly Lynn (2008). Hosting the Monster. Rodopi. ISBN 0-7864-0988-6.
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suggested) (help) - Hardy, Phil, ed. (1995). The Overlook Film Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-624-0.
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(help) - Mank, Gregory William (2001). Hollywood Cauldron: Thirteen Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1112-0.
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(help) - Prince, Stephen (2004). The Horror Film. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3363-5.
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(help) - Rhodes, Gary Don (2001). White Zombie: Anatomy of a Horror Film. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0988-6.
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(help) - Wells, Paul (2000). The horror genre: from Beelzebub to Blair Witch. Wallflower Press. ISBN 1-903364-00-0.
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(help) - Worland, Rick (2007). The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-3902-1.
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(help) - Prawer, Siegbert Salomon (1989). Caligari's Children: The Film as Tale of Terror. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80347-X. Retrieved October 6, 2009.