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Livingston, New Jersey

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Livingston, New Jersey
Township
Township of Livingston
Ward-Force House
Ward-Force House
Map of Livingston Township in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County in the State of New Jersey.
Map of Livingston Township in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Livingston, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Livingston, New Jersey
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyEssex
IncorporatedFebruary 5, 1813
Named forWilliam Livingston
Government
[5]
 • TypeFaulkner Act (Council-Manager)
 • BodyTownship Council
 • MayorAlfred M. Anthony (term ends December 31, 2016)[1][2]
 • ManagerMichele E. Meade[1][3]
 • ClerkGlenn R. Turtletaub[4]
Area
[6]
 • Total14.081 sq mi (36.472 km2)
 • Land13.768 sq mi (35.660 km2)
 • Water0.313 sq mi (0.812 km2)  2.23%
 • Rank177th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[6]
Elevation
[7]
289 ft (88 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[8][9][10][11]
 • Total29,366
 • Estimate 
(2015)[12]
29,849
 • Rank76th of 566 in state
9th of 22 in county[13]
 • Density2,132.8/sq mi (823.5/km2)
  • Rank281st of 566 in state
17th of 22 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP code
07039[14]
Area code(s)973[15]
FIPS code3401340890[6][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0882219[6][18]
Websitewww.livingstonnj.org

Livingston is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 29,366,[8][9][10][11] reflecting an increase of 1,975 (+7.2%) from the 27,391 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 782 (+2.9%) from the 26,609 counted in the 1990 Census.[20]

Livingston was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 5, 1813, from portions of Caldwell Township (now Fairfield Township) and Springfield Township (now in Union County, New Jersey). Portions of the township were taken to form Fairmount (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange) and Roseland (March 10, 1908).[21]

The township was named for William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey; his family's coat of arms serves as the township's seal.[22][23]

History

Livingston's history dates back to 1699 when 101 Newark settlers wanted to move westward. They set up a committee to negotiate from Lenni Lenape Native Americans for the purchase of the Horseneck Tract which today includes Livingston and eight other municipalities to the north. Between 1698 and 1702, the rules for property ownership were unclear. There were many disputes between settlers and the English proprietors. For some unknown reasons, the Newark settlers did not obtain a grant from the proprietors before negotiating with the natives. They finally obtained the deed directly from Lenni Lenape in 1702 for £130. The settlements began until around the 1740s as the dispute between the proprietors and the settlers continued.[24]

The dispute came to a breaking point in September 1745 when the East Jersey proprietors began to evict a settler only six months after a house fire in Newark completely destroyed the original deed, which was the only evidence of the purchase.[25] During that period, William Livingston who was one of the few landed aristocrats joined the settlers against the proprietors. Livingston owned land around today's south western corner of the Township of Livingston. His land, like other settlers, was levied with quit rents in the amount 40 shillings per acre. He defended many settlers who were jailed for refusing to pay the quit rents.[26]

This series of events caused the settlers, led by Timothy Meeker, to form a group to riot against the British government. The Horseneck Riots lasted for 10 years from 1745 to 1755. The group was also one of the first colonial militia which had periodic battles for 32 years leading up to the Revolutionary War as the group joined the Continental Army in 1776.[27]

After the Revolutionary War, more permanent settlements took place with the first school built in 1783. In 1811, a petition was filed to incorporate the township from about 100 people who lived in seven distinct areas: Centerville (separated to become Roseland, in 1908), Cheapside (now Livingston Mall), Morehousetown (now Livingston Circle), Northfield (now Northfield Center), Squiretown (now the Cerebral Palsy Institute of New Jersey on Old Road), Teedtown (now Livingston Center), and Washington Place (now near the border with Millburn). On February 5, 1813, the township was officially incorporated. The first town meeting was held on the same day and they decided to run the township by a Township Committee system.

During the 1800s, lumber and farming were major industries in the town. Shoemaking and dairy became major industries during and after the Civil War respectively. However, the population grew slowly because it was not easily accessible. Mt. Pleasant Avenue – which was one of the first turnpikes in New Jersey – was the only primary access to the town through stagecoaches.

The population grew quickly after the 1920s when automobiles became more accessible. As a suburb of Newark, the town experienced many housing developments especially after World War II with its peak in 1970 of more than thirty thousand residents. During this growth period, many services were organized including volunteer Fire Department in 1922, first regular Livingstone Police chief in 1929, a Planning Commission in 1930, two hospitals opened in 1959 and 1960, new public library in 1961, and new municipal complex in 1963.

The last surviving Harrison Cider Apple tree, the most famous of the 18th century Newark cider apples[28] was rescued from extinction in 1976 in Livingston.[29]

Today, around 28,000 people live in this suburban community, which lies around an hour from New York City. Its school system, which had last been nationally recognized in 1998, and other programs have been drawing new residents to the town. Its population has maintained a level of diversity while the residents continue the tradition of community volunteerism.[27][30]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 14.081 square miles (36.472 km2), including 13.768 square miles (35.660 km2) of it is land and 0.313 square miles (0.812 km2) of water (2.23%) is water.[6][19]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Cedar Ridge, Cheapside, Morehousetown, Northfield, Washington Place and West Livingston.[31]

The Township of Livingston is located in Essex County, in the Gateway Region. In the vicinity are the Passaic River, West Orange, Millburn, and the Grover Cleveland State Historic Site in West Caldwell. Livingston is part of the New York metropolitan area.

The township is located in southwestern Essex County and is bordered to the south and west by Morris County communities Florham Park and East Hanover, Roseland to the north, West Orange to the east, and to the west by Millburn/Short Hills. The latter three communities also lie within Essex County.[32]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18201,056—
18301,1508.9%
18401,081−6.0%
18501,1516.5%
18601,32314.9%
18701,157*−12.5%
18801,40121.1%
18901,197−14.6%
19001,41218.0%
19101,025*−27.4%
19201,1269.9%
19303,476208.7%
19405,97271.8%
19509,93266.3%
196023,124132.8%
197030,12730.3%
198028,040−6.9%
199026,609−5.1%
200027,3912.9%
201029,3667.2%
2015 (est.)29,849[12][33]1.6%
Population sources: 1820–1920[34]
1840[35] 1850–1870[36] 1850[37]
1870[38] 1880–1890[39]
1890–1910[40] 1910–1930[41]
1930–1990[42] 2000[43][44] 2010[8][9][10][11]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[21]

According to the 2002 results of the National Jewish Population Survey, there were 12,600 Jews in Livingston, approximately 46% of the population, one of the highest percentages of Jews in any American municipality. The neighboring towns of South Orange and Millburn also have high Jewish populations.[45]

In a report performed by the United Way of Northern New Jersey based on 2012 data, around 14% of Livingston households were classified as "Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed" households (below a threshold of $50,000 for households below 65, below $35,000 for those over 65), struggling with basic necessities, such as housing, childcare, food, health care, and transportation, compared to 38% statewide and 47% in Essex County.[46]

2010 Census

Template:USCensusDemographics

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $129,208 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,377) and the median family income was $143,429 (+/- $10,622). Males had a median income of $100,075 (+/-$11,306) versus $71,213 (+/- $7,102) for females. The per capita income for the township was $60,577 (+/- $3,918). About 1.1% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.6% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.[47]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[16] there were 27,391 people, 9,300 households, and 7,932 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,973.1 people per square mile (761.9/km2). There were 9,457 housing units at an average density of 681.2 per square mile (263.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 82.64% White, 14.54% Asian, 1.20% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.[43][44]

There were 9,300 households out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.0% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.21.[43][44]

In the township the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.[43][44]

The median income for a household in the township was $98,869, and the median income for a family was $108,049. Males had a median income of $77,256 versus $41,654 for females. The per capita income for the town was $47,218. 1.8% of the population and 1.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 1.2% are under the age of 18 and 3.2% are 65 or older.[43][44]

Economy

Shopping and dining

Although largely a bedroom community, there are many stores and restaurants located in Livingston, in three main shopping areas.

The first area is located in the center of the town. It stretches along Livingston Avenue from Route 10 to Northfield Avenue. Historically, the area has been dominated by small local stores, but retains some chain stores including Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, and ShopRite. With the addition of Livingston Town Center, classified as mixed-use development, new restaurants have opened as well, adding to the large number of locally owned establishments.[48]

The second area is the Livingston Mall located at the south-western corner of the town. Macy's, Lord & Taylor and Sears department stores are anchors in the original three wings of the mall. The fourth wing was added in 2008 as a new home of Barnes & Noble.[49]

The third shopping area is located on Livingston's outskirts on the western side. It begins the Route 10 shopping corridor that extends to East Hanover. The corridor is home of many major big-box stores such as REI, Home Depot, and Costco. Many restaurants are located here, including both chain restaurants such as Chipotle Mexican Grill and locally owned delis and restaurants. Many of these stores are located within East Hanover's border.

There are two large and well-known supermarkets in town, the aforementioned ShopRite and King's, but are complemented by other large stores including the Rt 10 Farmer's Market and Cost Plus World Market. Additional food stores such as Kam Man Food (an Asian food supermarket), and Whole Foods are located in neighboring towns.

Corporate residents

Many office parks are located along Eisenhower Parkway on the western side of the town. There are a few headquarters of major companies including former CIT Group corporate headquarters, Inteplast Group headquarters, The Briad Group headquarters, and customer service and support center of Verizon New Jersey.[50]

There are varieties of other services in the town. The Westminster[51] – a four diamond luxury hotel – is located on the western side of the town. Saint Barnabas Medical Center – a 597-bed hospital – is located in the southern side of the town near West Orange and Millburn. Fitness facilities include West Essex YMCA, New York Sports Club, and the Jewish Community Center.

Livingston also has a local Public-access television station (Livingston TV on Comcast TV-34 and Verizon FiOS 26), which is maintained by Livingston High School Students as well as the LPBC (Livingston Public Broadcasting Committee).

Arts and culture

Performing arts

Livingston is home of several performing arts organizations:

  • Livingston Symphony Orchestra is a group of community-based performers which was formed in 1960. The symphony orchestra is currently directed by Istvan Jaray, an internationally renowned artist who appears regularly in concert halls across Europe, Canada and the United States. It holds many performances during each season.[52]
  • Livingston Community Players is a community-based theatre organization. There has been many productions in the recent years. The performers are from local community and other places in New Jersey. Past productions, including The Sound of Music, Oliver!, and Annie, received Perry Awards from New Jersey Association of Community Theatres.[53]
  • Children's Theatre of Livingston is a local organization that provides performance opportunities for Livingston children grades 2 to 8. The children are trained in acting roles and staging staff. It has annual performance since the first season in 2007.[54]
  • New Jersey Ballet is a major ballet company based in Livingston. The company is recognized nationally and internationally with tours in many countries in Europe, Asia and North America.[55] Livingston is also the headquarters of New Jersey School of Ballet which offers many classes in Ballet, Jazz and Tap.[56]

Fine arts

Livingston has many local artists in varied forms. Local artists have support from Livingston Arts Association which is an organization formed in 1959 to promote art in the community including large scale exhibitions, demonstrations, and workshops.[57] The organization is also a member of Art Council of Livingston which has a gallery at Livingston Town Center. The Arts Association includes numerous organizations in addition to the Arts Council of Livingston, including the NJ State Opera Guild - West Essex Chapter and Livingston Camera Club.

There are many studios at Riker Hill Art Park with more than 40 working artists in various media including pottery, fine metalwork, glass, jewelry, paintings, fine arts, sculpture and photography.[58] Many studios offer art classes for adults and children.

Sports

From 1984 to 1989, Livingston was the site of the Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament, the Livingston Open. The Grand Prix was the only professional circuit since 1985 before it was succeeded by the ATP Tour in 1990. The tournament was won by Andre Agassi in 1988, earning him the seventh title in his career.[59]

Parks and recreation

Parks

There are more than 470 acres (1.9 km2) of wooded parks with passive hiking trails in Livingston. Additional 1,817 acres (7.35 km2) are zoned to be preserved in its natural state without public access. This brings to about 25% of total land in the town that is in its natural conditions with habitats of eight threatened or endangered species.[60][61]

There are many smaller parks and open space areas dedicated to recreation and sports, mostly centered around the town's public schools. These include two swimming pools, ten little league baseball diamonds, four full baseball diamonds, eight full soccer/lacrosse fields, one full football field, three basketball courts, sixteen tennis courts, eleven playgrounds, a jogging track, a dog park, and a fishing/ice skating pond.[61] The township is planning to build inter-connected mixed-use paths, biking and hiking trails to connect those parks and open space throughout the township.

Livingston has an active open space trust fund that continues to acquire more lands for preservation and recreation. As of 2003, there were 842 acres (9% of total land) that were protected from development. There were additional 2,475 acres (10.02 km2) that could be protected by the fund.[62]

Riker Hill Complex

A radio tower in the Riker Hill Complex

Riker Hill Complex (also referred to as Riker Hill Park) is a 204.68-acre (0.8283 km2) parkland located along the border of Livingston and Roseland. The complex is managed by Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs of Essex County. It comprises three parks, Riker Hill Art Park – a former Nike Missile control area site, Walter Kidde Dinosaur Park – a National Natural Landmark, and Becker Park which were acquired between 1969 and 1977. Although a large portion of the complex is located within Roseland, but the county designated Livingston as the host community as the Riker Hill Art Park is the only functional and publicly accessible park at the present time.[63] The art park located atop of the hill is home of many studios in multiple disciplines of art and craft.

Recreation

The recreation department under the Senior, Youth and Leisure Services program offers many programs for residents ranging from pre-school courses, children games, crafts, and dance; to a dozen of youth and adult sports programs. Livingston residents can also apply for memberships of public golf courses at Francis Byrne Golf Course in West Orange and Millburn Municipal Golf Course in Millburn Township. Additionally, there are many independent sports organizations such as Livingston Little League, Livingston Jr. Lancers (football and cheerleading), Livingston Lacrosse Club, and Livingston Soccer Club.[64][65]

An Essex County park complex is located one mile (1.6 km) from Livingston with Turtle Back Zoo, Richard J. Codey Arena (an ice hockey/ice skating arena), and natural trails in South Mountain Reservation.

Government

Local government

Livingston has operated since 1957 within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of municipal government. Livingston's Township Council consists of five members, elected to four-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election every other year. A Mayor and Deputy Mayor are selected by the Council from among its members at a reorganization meeting held after each election.[5][66][67]

As of 2016, members of the Township Council are Mayor Alfred "Al" M. Anthony (D, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2016), Deputy Mayor Shawn R. Klein (D, term on committee ends 2018; term as deputy mayor ends 2016), Rufino "Rudy" Fernandez (D, 2018), Edward Meinhardt (D, 2018) and Michael M. Silverman (D, 2016).[1][68][69][70][71][72]

The Township Manager is Michele E. Meade.[1][3] She is the third Township Manager, preceded by Robert H. Harp (1954–1985) and Charles J. Tahaney (1985–2005).

Police Department

The Livingston Police Department (LPD) was established in 1813. It consists of: Patrol Division, Traffic Division, Detective Bureau, and Community Policing Unit.

Volunteer organizations

There are more than 40 volunteer Committees and Boards run through the Township, including Livingston Municipal Alliance Committee (LMAC), Holiday Committees, Consumer Affairs Office, Planning Board, Zoning Board of Adjustment and Committee for Diversity.[73]

Volunteer-based public safety organizations are Livingston Auxiliary Police, Livingston Fire Department and Livingston First Aid Squad.

Federal, state and county representation

Livingston is located in the 11th Congressional District[74] and is part of New Jersey's 27th state legislative district.[10][75][76] Prior to the 2010 Census, Livingston had been split between the 8th Congressional District and the 11th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[77]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 11th congressional district is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).[78] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[79] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[80][81]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 27th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by John F. McKeon (D, West Orange) and in the General Assembly by Rosy Bagolie (D, Livingston) and Alixon Collazos-Gill (D, Montclair).[82] Template:NJ Governor

Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners. As of 2024, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[83] The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November.[84] Essex County's Commissioners are:

Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[85] A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[86] Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange, Orange and South Orange; East Orange, 2026),[87] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell, 2026),[88] President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield, 2026),[89] Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026),[90] Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026),[91] Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026),[92] Patricia Sebold (D, at-large; Livingston, 2026).[93][94][95][96][97]

Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025),[98][99] Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025),[100][101] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024),[102][103] and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028).[104][105]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 20,617 registered voters in Livingston, of which 7,640 (37.1%) were registered as Democrats, 3,564 (17.3%) were registered as Republicans and 9,402 (45.6%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 11 voters registered to other parties.[106]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 51.1% of the vote (7,303 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 48.1% (6,863 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (116 votes), among the 14,371 ballots cast by the township's 21,225 registered voters (89 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 67.7%.[107][108] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 53.4% of the vote here (8,244 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 44.8% (6,920 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (122 votes), among the 15,433 ballots cast by the township's 20,367 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.8%.[109] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 54.4% of the vote here (8,101 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 44.7% (6,657 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (96 votes), among the 14,896 ballots cast by the township's 19,306 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 77.2.[110]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 62.7% of the vote (4,860 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 36.1% (2,799 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (89 votes), among the 7,905 ballots cast by the township's 21,260 registered voters (157 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 37.2%.[111][112] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 48.8% of the vote here (4,863 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 44.0% (4,386 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.7% (563 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (61 votes), among the 9,961 ballots cast by the township's 20,405 registered voters, yielding a 48.8% turnout.[113]

Livingston was the home of one of New Jersey's most prominent political families, the Keans. Robert Kean served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1939 to 1958, when he ran for U.S. Senator; his son, Thomas Kean, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1968 to 1978 (and as Assembly Speaker in 1972–73, and Minority Leader 1974–77), as Governor of New Jersey from 1982 to 1990, and as President of Drew University from 1990 to 2004. Thomas Kean Jr., elected to the State Assembly in 2001 and the State Senate in 2003, was the Republican nominee for United States Senator in 2006.

When Robert Kean ran for the Senate, losing to Harrison A. Williams in 1958, Livingston's Congressman became George M. Wallhauser, a Republican. In redistricting after the 1960 census, Livingston was moved into the district of Republican Congresswoman Florence P. Dwyer. After redistricting following the 1970 census, Livingston went into Congressman Peter Frelinghuysen, Jr.'s district. He was the father of Livingston's current Congressman, Rodney P. Frelinghuysen. When Peter Frelinghuysen retired in 1974, he was succeeded by Millicent Fenwick, who beat Tom Kean in a Republican primary by about 80 votes. After the 1980 census, Livingston was moved to Congressman Joseph G. Minish's district. Minish was defeated by Dean Gallo in 1984 and served until his death in 1994. Rodney Frelinghuysen took his seat. The 2000 Census split the town between the 8th and 11th districts; as of the 2010 Census, the entire township is in the 11th district.

Essex County Freeholders from Livingston have included Reita Greenstone, James Cavanaugh, Patricia Sebold, and William Clark.[citation needed]

Education

Public schools

Main article: Livingston Public Schools

The Livingston Public Schools serves students in Kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's nine schools had an enrollment of 5,714 students and 414.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.80:1.[114] Schools in the district (with 2010–11 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[115]) are six K-5 elementary schools — Burnet Hill School[116] (411 students, including PreK), Collins Elementary School[117] (420), Harrison Elementary School[118] (526), Hillside Elementary School[119] (398), Mount Pleasant Elementary School[120] (422) and Riker Hill Elementary School[121] (416) — Mt. Pleasant Middle School[122] Grade 6 (475), Heritage Middle School[123] Grades 7 and 8 (891) and Livingston High School[124] for grades 9–12 (1,755).[125][126]

For the 1997–98 school year, Livingston High School received the National Blue Ribbon Schools Award from the United States Department of Education, one of the highest honors that an American school can achieve.[127] Livingston High School was ranked 24th in New Jersey in New Jersey Monthly's 2012 rankings,[128] 9th in New Jersey high schools in Newsweek's 2013 rankings of "America's Best High Schools", and is unranked in USNews's high school rankings.[129] 26.7% of the township's population 25 years and older who attain professional, Masters or Doctorate degrees.[130][131] During 2007–2008 budget year, Livingston allocated 59.96% of local property tax toward the Livingston Public Schools. Additionally, a separate budget of 7% of all municipal services went toward the operation of its public library.[132] According to library statistics collected by Institute of Museum and Library Services, Livingston Public Library was ranked 22 out of 232 municipal libraries in New Jersey based on total circulation in 2006.[133]

Other schools

Aquinas Academy is a private coeducational Roman Catholic school that serves students from preschool through eighth grade that operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[134]

Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy is a private coeducational Jewish day school that serves preschool through eighth grade, while Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School is a four-year yeshiva high school for grades 9–12.[135] The Tzedek School is a non-sectarian co-educational school of Jewish Heritage and Hebrew Language serving the communities of Livingston and the surrounding area for students in grades K-12.[136]

Newark Academy is a private coeducational day school founded in 1774, that serves grades 6–8 in its middle schools and 9–12 in the upper school.[137]

Livingston Chinese School and Livingston Huaxia Chinese School are two weekend Chinese-language schools in Livingston which use facilities of Heritage Middle School and Mount Pleasant school.

Historic sites

Ward-Force House and Condit Family Cook House are two building structures located at 366 South Livingston Avenue. These structures were jointly registered in the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, commonly known as the Old Force Homestead. Originally, Ward-Force House and Condit Family Cook House were built in separate properties. Ward-Force House was built as early as 1745 by Theophilus Ward. It was later purchased by Samuel Force for his son, Thomas Force. During the Revolutionary War, Thomas served as a patriot and was captured by the British. Thomas came back to live with his wife and children after the war and expanded the house. It was sold to the township in 1962. Condit Family Cook House was built as a stand-alone summer kitchen of a farm home near the current location of Livingston Mall. When the mall was built during the 1970s, the cook house was donated to the township and was moved to the current location at the rear of Ward-Force House. Currently, the Old Force Homestead is the headquarters of Livingston Historical Society and the Force Homestead Museum.[138]

Dickinson House and Washington Place Schoolhouse are two other sites in the township that are registered in the New Jersey State Historic Site Program. Dickinson House is located at 84 Dickinson Lane. It was once visited by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt for a hunting trip. Washington Place Schoolhouse is located at 122 Passaic Avenue. It was a school house that was built around 1800.[139]

Transportation

Roads and highways

Livingston is located 21.9 miles (35.2 km) from New York City, around 40-90+ minutes depending on traffic. In and near Livingston are Eisenhower Parkway, County Route 508, County Route 527, Interstate 280 and Route 10.

The township had a total of 136.05 miles (218.95 km) of roadways, of which 105.43 miles (169.67 km) are maintained by the municipality, 26.05 miles (41.92 km) by Essex County and 4.57 miles (7.35 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[140]

Public transportation

Bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal is available on the Community Coach #77 bus route. Bus service to Newark is available on the 70, 71 and 73 routes, with local service available on the MCM3 and MCM8.[141] Rail service is accessible via the The New Jersey Transit Morristown Line, which has several stops in adjacent communities such as Short Hills, Millburn, and South Orange. The stations are about 5–7 miles away from most of Livingston, accessible by car or taxi.

The township provides a fee-based direct shuttle service called Livingston Express Shuttle for a 15-minute ride between Livingston Mall and South Orange Station for Morristown Line trains to Midtown Manhattan and Hoboken.[142]

Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, for inter-city rail transit in the Northeastern United States, and the Port Authority's PATH service local rapid transit system are available 10 miles away at Newark Penn Station.

Notable events

  • On May 22, 1992, Democratic Presidential candidate and eventual Presidential elect Bill Clinton visited Livingston High School on a campaign stop to announce his support for Governor James Florio's NJ welfare proposal.[143]
  • On June 18, 1996, the Olympic Torch made a stop in Livingston while en route to Atlanta, Georgia.[144]
  • On November 16, 1999, Livingston High School hosted sitting Governor Christine Todd Whitman and her cabinet for a town meeting with a conversation focusing on the state's diversity.[145]
  • On March 29, 2005, comedian Mitch Hedberg was found dead by his wife in a Livingston hotel room. A medical examiner's report found traces of cocaine and heroin in his system.[146]
  • On January 13, 2008, Livingston High School hosted a crowd of 900 at the first of New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine's all-state county forum tour of Jersey to promote and explain his new toll hike proposal to finance state road maintenance. The town hall meeting featured a PowerPoint by Corzine and then a Q and A session where many attendees inquired about a new school financing proposal more so than the toll issue.[147]
  • On June 30, 2015, Chris Christie launched his campaign for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination at Livingston High School.[148]

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Livingston, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Livingston include:

Shiva Ayyadurai
Paul E. Olsen
Roger Tsien
Jason Alexander
Chelsea Handler
Heth and Jed
Harlan Coben
Chris Christie
Lennie Friedman
Justin Gimelstob
Byron Scott
Academia
Artists
Business
Entertainment
Military
Literature
Government and politics
Sports
Others

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  157. ^ Goldstein, Richard. "Barry Halper, Baseball Memorabilia Collector, Dies at 66", The New York Times, December 20, 2005. Accessed February 24, 2011. "He once owned at least 80,000 baseball items, most having been displayed at his former home in Livingston, where a visitor pressing the front doorbell heard a rendition of 'Take Me Out to the Ballgame.'"
  158. ^ Sullivan, John. "Like an 'Abandoned Planet'", The New York Times, August 22, 2004. Accessed August 5, 2013. "There was the murmur of reporters and photographers trading the rumor of the moment, punctuated and fanned by cellphones ringing with tips – like the one on Tuesday that the United States attorney, up the Turnpike in Newark, was planning to announce a plea agreement involving Charles Kushner, a developer from Livingston who is one of the top Democratic contributors in the country."
  159. ^ Kelly, Mike. "Kushner proves rich not smarter than rest of us", The Record (Bergen County), July 14, 2004. Accessed March 10, 2013. "Kushner nodded slightly as his attorneys agreed to $5 million in bail secured by Kushner's home in Livingston and beach house in Elberon."
  160. ^ Staff. "Forbes Features Members of the Tribe In 30 Under 30", Jspace.com, December 29, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of January 30, 2012. Accessed March 10, 2015. "Kushner grew up in a Jewish home in Livingston New Jersey and graduated from Harvard University."
  161. ^ Antonen, Mel. "Dealers look for all the angles", USA Today, January 19, 1989. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Another student Darren Prince, 18, of Livingston N.J. is working his way to a business degree at the University of Bridgeport"
  162. ^ "Seven-figure donation fuels emergency campaign", United Jewish Communities of MetroWest. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Chief among them is the gift of David Tepper of Livingston, who donated $1 million from the David A. Tepper Charitable Foundation. Tepper, a hedge-fund manager, made the pledge last month at a parlor meeting in the Short Hills home of Steven and Lori Klinghoffer."
  163. ^ Kitchin, Mark. "MetroStars Survive Lapses for 3–2 Victory", Daily Record (Morristown), April 29, 2001. Accessed February 25, 2011. "The reigning Miss Teen New Jersey Livingston's Erin Abrahamson performed last night's national anthem."
  164. ^ Weinraub, Bernard. "At the Movies", The New York Times, October 22, 1999. Accessed August 5, 2013. "I was born in 1959 and grew up in Livingston, N.J., but I felt I knew these people very well, said Mr. Alexander (above)."
  165. ^ Staff. "Benjamin August's Film To Premier in New Jersey", West Essex Tribune, January 14, 2016. Accessed January 24, 2016. "Screenwriter Benjamin August, a 1997 graduate of Livingston High School, will discuss his film, Remember, at its New Jersey premiere on Saturday, February 6, at 7:30 p.m."
  166. ^ Kaplan, Ron. "WNBC anchor among MetroWest sports hall inductees, New Jersey Jewish News, June 19, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  167. ^ Whitty, Steven. "Joe Dante on 'Burying the Ex,' N.J. and other famous monsters", ArtiSyndicate, June 14, 2015. Accessed July 29, 2015. "'The disappointing thing is that, you really don't make movies to be seen on people's computers,' says the 68-year-old director, born in Morristown and raised in Livingston."
  168. ^ Rose, Lisa. "Lady Gaga files lawsuit of her own against Rob Fusari", The Star-Ledger, March 20, 2010. Accessed February 24, 2011. "The 42-year-old Livingston native, who helped pen and produce such hits as 'Bootylicious' by Destiny's Child and 'Wild Wild West' by Will Smith, was singing a different tune during a taped interview with The Star-Ledger in January."
  169. ^ Kawashima, Dale. Rob Fusari Co-Writes & Produces Top Hits For Destiny's Child, Will Smith And Other Artists, SongWriterUniverse.com. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  170. ^ Salvatore, Drew Anne. "Bullied No More13-year-old Dana Gaier, of Livingston, voiced the character of Edith in the animated hit Despicable Me.", New Jersey Monthly, September 13, 2011. Accessed February 15, 2016. "Yet back home in Livingston, few would have envied her. At Heritage Middle School, Gaier found herself on the receiving end of what is euphemistically called 'girl drama'—being picked on."
  171. ^ Shattuck, Kathryn. "Column: WHAT'S ON TONIGHT", The New York Times, March 9, 2007. Accessed August 6, 2007. "10 P.M. (Comedy Central) COMEDY CENTRAL PRESENTS Chelsea Handler, the youngest of six children, was born in Livingston, N.J., to a Jewish father and a Mormon mother."
  172. ^ Michaud, Jon. "The Exchange: Music in the Streets and Underground", The New Yorker, June 3, 2011. Accessed October 9, 2011. "Heth and Jed Weinstein, busking brothers who have been performing on the streets and in the subways of New York City for years, have just published their first book. "Buskers: The On-the-Streets, In-the-Trains, Off-the-Grid-Memoir of Two New York City Street Musicians" was released in May by Soft Skull Press. The memoir, told in alternating chapters by Heth and Jed, chronicles their childhood in Livingston, New Jersey, their brief career as petty criminals, their early attempts to make it in the music business, and, finally, their success as street musicians."
  173. ^ Reich, Ronni. "Tony Awards 2011: Nikki M. James follows dream from church to Broadway", The Star-Ledger, June 12, 2011. Accessed November 28, 2012. "Nikki M. James has always known what it means to dream of paradise.From age 5, when she made her public singing debut at church, the Livingston native has pursued her goal of becoming one of Broadway's leading ladies with an unstoppable passion."
  174. ^ Wilkowe, Ellen S. "Things to do in Morris County, NJ: Last Comic Standing tour comes to Morristown, NJ, Jan. 15", Daily Record (Morristown), January 13, 2011. Accessed February 24, 2011. "One-time aspiring singer/songwriter Myq Kaplan, 32, formerly of Livingston and now of New York City, changed his tune ... and converted to comedy."
  175. ^ Gans, Andrew. "DIVA TALK: Chatting with LuPone at Les Mouches's Leslie Kritzer Plus Rogers' Evita on Disc", Playbill, September 22, 2006. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Kritzer: I was born in Manhattan, and I was raised in Livingston, New Jersey."
  176. ^ Lee, Michelle. "And The Award Goes To...; Sophia Lin, who grew up in Livingston, won an Independent Spirit Award.", West Orange Patch, April 17, 2012. Accessed September 5, 2015. "Sophia Lin, who grew up in Livingston, knows this first-hand having toiled on 25 films and television shows over the span of 15 years.... Lin said she first became interested in the performing arts at Livingston High School while working behind the scenes on productions of Damn Yankees, Anything Goes and My Fair Lady."
  177. ^ Wong, Wayman. "THE LEADING MEN: Brian's Song", Playbill, February 1, 2005. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Born in Livingston, NJ, he started playing the piano at four, and was a punk rock kid who played in local bands and loved Alice Donut, the Lunachicks and Mudhoney."
  178. ^ Adam Pally, Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  179. ^ Rosenzweig, Ilene. "FILM;Welcome to the Awkward Age", The New York Times, May 26, 1996. Accessed August 25, 2014. "He himself is the product of an intact family in a neighborhood of split-level houses in suburban Livingston, in northern New Jersey."
  180. ^ "Governor's Awards in Arts Education Award Recipients May 2003", New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed May 23, 2016.
  181. ^ Township of Livingston Agenda Friday, January 1, 2010, Township of Livingston. Accessed June 1, 2010.
  182. ^ Hyman, Vicki. "Be Wendy Williams's neighbor: Livingston's Kean estate on market for $7.88M", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, June 2, 2015. Accessed November 24, 2015. "What's the Hot Topic in Wendy Williams's Livingston neighborhood? The historic 30-room Kean estate that once took in more than 300 acres from the highest point in town is on the market for $7.88 million after an extensive renovation."
  183. ^ Colonel Glenn Rieth Confirmed As The Adjutant General, MILITARY & VETERANS AFFAIRS, March 5, 2002. Accessed June 1, 2010.
  184. ^ a b Mona Charen and Ruth Marcus, C-SPAN Q&A (television), July 9, 2006 transcript. Accessed November 30, 2014. "BRIAN LAMB, C-SPAN: Ruth Marcus, can you remember the first time you met Mona Charen? RUTH MARCUS, AUTHOR: I can't remember the first time but I can remember many other times in the middle there because we were – we both started in Livingston, New Jersey in fourth grade. We were both new to the school but we were in different classes, so I remember fifth grade on up."
  185. ^ Kennedy, Mark. "Talking With: Harlan Coben", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 16, 2006. Accessed July 10, 2007. "Born in Newark and raised in Livingston, Coben is a Jersey boy through-and-through, having moved only to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts, where he met his wife, Anne, a pediatrician."
  186. ^ Moskin, Julia. "One Cook, Thousands of Seders", The New York Times, April 16, 2008. Accessed March 28, 2011. "'No corn, no grains, no legumes, no seeds — not even mustard or soy sauce for eight days,' she said, searing a rib roast as big as a bread machine in her kitchen in Livingston, N.J. 'It's quite challenging, as a cook.'"
  187. ^ Hide and Seek Paperback, Amazon.com. Accessed September 5, 2015. "Jack Ketchum is the pseudonym for novelist Dallas Mayr. He was born in Livingston, New Jersey in 1946."
  188. ^ Wendy Mass, Hachette Book Group USA. Accessed January 14, 2012. "I grew up in Livingston, New Jersey, about 45 minutes from New York City."
  189. ^ via Associated Press. "Gov. Chris Christie heads home to Livingston to talk taxes", The Trentonian, December 8, 2010. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  190. ^ Lucille Day, Office of the Governor of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 2, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  191. ^ Fowler, Glenn. "Nathan Jacobs, 83, an Ex-Justice Of the New Jersey Supreme Court", The New York Times, January 26, 1989. Accessed June 16, 2016. "Nathan L. Jacobs, a retired associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court and an influential figure in court reform in the state, died yesterday at his home in Livingston, N.J."
  192. ^ "Environmental Resource Inventory", Livingston Environmental Commission, July, 2010. Accessed August 25, 2011. "The Kean home is a Georgian–style bluestone mansion constructed by. Alexander Kean circa 1900 (Appendix D, Photo I). The house is located at 11 Chelsea Drive and was the longtime residence of Hamilton Kean US Congressman and brother of Alexander."
  193. ^ Cook, Joan. "ROBERT W. KEAN, 86; FORMERLY IN HOUSE; Jersey Republican Won Reputation as Expert on Social Security", The New York Times, September 24, 1980. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Robert Winthrop Kean, a former United States Representative and for years a leading figure in Republican politics in New Jersey, died Sunday in St. Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, N.J., from a heart attack. He was 86 years old and lived in Livingston."
  194. ^ Sullivan, Joseph F. "Politics; KEAN SET TO GET 'DIPLOMA' TUESDAY", The New York Times, November 29, 1981. Accessed February 24, 2011. "THOMAS H. KEAN of Livingston, a former Assembly Speaker, is scheduled to get his diploma on Tuesday. That is when the state's Board of Canvassers meets in Trenton to certify the results of the Nov. 3 gubernatorial election."
  195. ^ Chen, David W. "A Kean on the Ballot? What Else Is New?", The New York Times, September 16, 2006. Accessed February 24, 2011. "As he grew up at the family homestead in Livingston, the younger Mr. Kean said he was most impressed with the reception that his father received in the community."
  196. ^ Kwoh, Leslie. "Obama to tap Princeton's Alan Krueger to fill key economic post", The Star-Ledger, August 29, 2011. Accessed August 29, 2011. "Krueger, 50, a Livingston native, returned to academia a year ago after serving for two years as assistant treasury secretary for economic policy to the Obama administration."
  197. ^ Representative Michael B. "Mike" Weinstein, Florida House of Representatives. Accessed February 24, 2011.
  198. ^ a b State of New Jersey biography for Nina Mitchell Wells, State of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of December 31, 2007. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Secretary Wells and her husband, Ted Wells, Esq. reside in Livingston, NJ and have two grown children, Teresa and Phillip."
  199. ^ Zambito, Thomas. "Christie ally David Wildstein pleads guilty, says Bridgegate closures were retribution", NJ.com, May 1, 2015. Accessed September 28, 2016.
  200. ^ Jozy Altidore, ESPN. Accessed June 1, 2010.
  201. ^ Dampf, Andrew. "Altidore gets his message across this time", USA Today, June 24, 2009. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Born in Livingston, New Jersey, to Haitian parents, U.S. Soccer is hoping Altidore develops into the consistent scorer the team has lacked for years. So far he's on schedule."
  202. ^ DeFaveri, Matt. "Chernoff steps up to the plate with the Indians; Assistant GM is member of the 'Tribe'", Cleveland Jewish News, June 28, 2012. Accessed May 27, 2016. "Chernoff grew up in Livingston, New Jersey, a town of about 27,000 people. His family belonged to Temple Emanu El, where he became a bar mitzvah."
  203. ^ Staff. "Women's 800 meters features a full field", The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 1, 2008. Accessed February 25, 2011. "Hazel Clark, a 2004 Olympian from Livingston, N.J., was the winner in 1 minute, 59.82 seconds."
  204. ^ Pairs Biography Andrea DAVIDOVICH / Evgeni KRASNOPOLSKI, International Skating Union. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  205. ^ Luicci, Tom. "Livingston's Bob Dukiet showcased special talents both on and off the court", The Star-Ledger, June 1, 2009. Accessed February 24, 2011. "This was back in 1965 when Cousy was the head basketball coach at Boston College and Dukiet was the Parade All-American guard from Livingston that every major program wanted."
  206. ^ Rosen, Harvey. "Jewish players, owner score in pro football", Cleveland Jewish News, October 20, 2005. Accessed February 24, 2011. "The Livingston, N.J., native, who has his bachelor's degree in psychology, earned three letters in football, two in basketball, and three in track and field."
  207. ^ Williams, Lena. "PLUS: TENNIS – EXHIBITION; Gimelstob Starts Charity Event", The New York Times, December 16, 1998. Accessed August 5, 2013. "On Saturday, Gimelstob and three of his Davis Cup teammates – Todd Martin, Jim Courier and Jan-Michael Gambill – will take part in a one-day exhibition to benefit three charities: the Eastern Tennis Association, the Tim and Tom Gullikson Foundation, and the Valerie Fund at St. Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, N.J. My brothers and I were born there, said Gimelstob, of the medical center."
  208. ^ Litsky, Frank. "THE SEOUL OLYMPICS; Swimmer Outraces His Past", The New York Times, September 18, 1988. Accessed August 5, 2013. "At the age of 12, Chris Jacobs of Livingston, N.J., tried cocaine for the first time."
  209. ^ Bondy, Filip. "NERD POWER TAKEN LIGHTLY, ROWERS DELIGHT IN SILVER MEDAL", Daily News (New York), July 29, 1996. "Jamieson, from Livingston, N.J., was in the quadruple scull that rowed second behind Germany to take the first United States medal ever in that event."
  210. ^ 2014 Nominees, New Jersey Hall of Fame. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  211. ^ Brandin Knight, Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Brandin Adar Knight was born Dec. 16, 1981 in Livingston, NJ...is the son of Mel and Brenda Knight."
  212. ^ Staff. "Utah Jazz Acquires Brevin Knight from L.A. Clippers", Utah Jazz, July 23, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2011. "A native of Livingston, N.J., Knight attended Seton Hall Prep in East Orange, N.J., before playing four seasons at Stanford University (1993–97), where he was a First Team All-American as a senior and won the 1997 Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award as the nation's most outstanding senior male collegian under six feet tall."
  213. ^ Brevin Knight, Yahoo! Sports. Accessed June 1, 2010.
  214. ^ Hague, Kim. "Without Marquez, Red Bulls lose again, this time, 4–1 to D.C. United", Daily Harrison, April 22, 2012. Accessed July 18, 2012. "The team started rookie Connor Lade, the Livingston, N.J. native, among the backs and Lade made two costly mistakes that directly led to first half goals."
  215. ^ Staff. "Nisenson of Hofstra Hits 2,009 Points, But L.I.U. Is Victor", The New York Times, February 5, 1965. Accessed August 12, 2011. "Steve Nisenson, a 6-foot-2-inch (1.88 m) senior from Livingston, N.J., became tonight the third college basketball player in the metropolitan area to score more than 2,000 points."
  216. ^ Trecker, Jerry. "WORLD CUP '94 Making A Quick Point Newcomers, one local, help USA over Norway", Newsday, January 16, 1994. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Chasing down a long throw from former Blau-Weiss Gottschee star Dario Brose, [Claudio Reyna], the 1993 College Player of the Year from the University of Virginia and Livingston, N.J., slammed a hard shot at Norway goalkeeper Frode Grodas to create a game-winning rebound chance for Cobi Jones as the United States defeated Norway, 2–1, in Sun Devil Stadium yesterday to begin its 1994 World Cup preparation with an upset triumph."
  217. ^ Former U.S. Men's National Team Captain Claudio Reyna Named U.S. Soccer Youth Technical Director, United States Soccer Federation, April 7, 2010. Accessed June 1, 2010.
  218. ^ Bondy, Filip. "VISITORS ARE FEELING RIGHT AT HOME IN JERSEY", Daily News (New York), May 25, 2003. "'I've learned everything I need to know about New Jersey,' said Scott, who resides in Livingston during the season. 'You take 280 to the 'Pike to the arena.'"
  219. ^ Dillon, Dennis. "The miracles in David Tyree's grasp", Sporting News, June 19, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Born in Livingston, N.J., Tyree had something of a hardscrabble life. He was 1 when his parents, Jesse and Thelma, divorced. When he was 10, Thelma moved Tyree and his two older sisters to Montclair, where they lived in a one-bedroom house. Thelma slept in the bedroom, David had the living room and his sisters took the dining room."
  220. ^ Porter, David L. Biographical dictionary of American sports: 1992–1995 supplement for baseball, football, basketball, and other sports, p. 237. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. ISBN 0-313-28431-8. Accessed February 24, 2011. "His family resided in Livingston, NJ, until he was age 14 and then moved to Parsippany, NJ."
  221. ^ Laurence, Charles. "Savagery, greed and a life of crime – meet the real Sopranos", Daily Mail, May 7, 2007. Accessed February 24, 2011. "The Boot built a mansion in Livingston, described by one who saw it, as a 'Transylvanian classic', because of its turrets and out-of-place appearance in the New Jersey suburbs."
  222. ^ via Associated Press. "Princeton's record on Asian admissions examined", USA Today, June 12, 2008. Accessed February 25, 2011. "The case stems from a federal civil-rights complaint filed in 2006 by Jian Li, a Chinese immigrant who grew up in Livingston."
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