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Muriel Bowser

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Muriel Bowser
8th Mayor of the District of Columbia
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 2, 2015
Preceded byVincent Gray
Member of the Council of the District of Columbia
from Ward 4
In office
January 2, 2007 – January 2, 2015
Preceded byAdrian Fenty
Succeeded byBrandon Todd
Personal details
Born
Muriel Elizabeth Bowser

(1972-08-02) August 2, 1972 (age 52)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Alma materChatham University
American University

Muriel Elizabeth Bowser (born August 2, 1972) is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party currently serving as the eighth Mayor of the District of Columbia. Prior to her inauguration in January 2015, Bowser served as a member of the Council of the District of Columbia, representing Ward 4.

Elected to the Advisory Neighborhood Commission in 2004, Bowser was elected to the Council in a special election in 2007, to succeed Adrian Fenty, who had been elected Mayor. She was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 and ran for Mayor in the 2014 election. She defeated incumbent Mayor Vincent C. Gray in the Democratic primary and won the general election against three Independent and two minor party candidates with 54.53% of the vote. She is the second woman to be elected Mayor, after Sharon Pratt Kelly.

Early life and education

The youngest of six children of Joe and Joan Bowser,[1] Muriel E. Bowser grew up in North Michigan Park in northeast DC.[2] In 1990, Bowser graduated from Elizabeth Seton High School, a private all-girls Catholic high school located in Bladensburg, Maryland.[3][4] She received a college scholarship due to her excellent grades.[5] Bowser graduated from Chatham College in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a bachelor's degree in history, and she graduated from the American University School of Public Affairs with a Masters in Public Policy.[6] In 2015, she bought a home in Colonial Village, [7] moving from a Riggs Park duplex[8] where she had lived since 2000.[9] She is a lifelong Catholic.[10]

Political career 2004–2014

Advisory Neighborhood Commission

Bowser began her political career in 2004, running unopposed for the Advisory Neighborhood Commission (ANC). She represented Single Member District 4B09, which includes the neighborhood of Riggs Park.[11][12][13] She was unopposed again in 2006 when she ran for re-election for the position.[14]

Council of the District of Columbia

2007 election

Adrian Fenty, member of the Council of the District of Columbia representing Ward 4, ran for mayor of the District. Bowser was his campaign coordinator for Ward 4.[15] When Fenty was elected mayor in 2006, a special election was called to fill his council seat. Bowser, among many others, announced her candidacy for it.[15]

During a political forum with 17 of the 19 council candidates in attendance, Bowser was the only candidate present who supported Fenty's proposed takeover of the District public school system, saying that the school system needed to change.[16]

When Fenty announced his support of Bowser,[17] some critics claimed that, if elected, she would always vote as Fenty wished, ignoring the needs of her constituents.[12][18]

Other critics took note of developers who had contributed to Bowser's campaign, claiming she would favor developers over her constituents.[19] While an ANC commissioner, Bowser had voted in favor of a zoning variance for a condominium development to be built by a developer who had contributed several hundred dollars to her campaign, which some critics derided as a conflict of interest.[20] Bowser maintained that she had supported the development project before running for Council.[19]

The editorial page of The Washington Post favored Bowser in the election.[21] The local councils of the AFL-CIO, Service Employees International Union, and the Fraternal Order of Police also endorsed Bowser in the election, but the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees endorsed her opponent, Michael A. Brown.[22][23][24]

Bowser won the special election with 40% of the vote.[25]

2008 election

In 2008, Bowser announced her reelection campaign for the Council. Three individuals ran against her in the Democratic primary,[26] namely: Baruti Akil Jahi, former president of the Shepherd Park Citizens Association;[27] Malik Mendenhall-Johnson, then serving as Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner of 4B04;[28] and Paul E. Montague, who had been Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner of 4B07 before being recalled in 2004.[29] Both Jahi and Mendenhall-Johnson criticized Bowser, saying she was a rubber stamp for Mayor Fenty and that she was unconcerned with her constituents' needs.[30]

No candidates' names were on the ballot for the Republican or D.C. Statehood Green primaries.[26]

The Washington Post's editorial department endorsed Bowser's candidacy.[31] The Gertrude Stein Democratic Club also voted to endorse Bowser's reelection.[32]

Bowser won the Democratic Party primary election, receiving 75 percent of votes.[33] Jahi received 19%, Montague received 3%, and Mendenhall-Johnson received 2%.[33] With no one else appearing on the subsequent general election ballot,[34] Bowser won the general election with 97 percent of the vote.[35]

In 2011, Bowser was appointed to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority board of governors, on which she served until 2015.[36][37][38]

2012 election

Bowser ran for reelection in 2012.[39] Bowser said she would not turn down donations from corporations.[39] Candidate Max Skolnik criticized Bowser for receiving campaign contributions from developers, corporate bundlers, and lobbyists, saying that Bowser would favor the interests of these corporate donors.[39] Bowser said she was not in favor of banning corporations from making political donations altogether, saying that doing so would make it more difficult to track where campaign donations come from.[39] She also said that corporations are banned from donating to federal elections, but that corporations still find ways to give to campaigns.[40]

Bowser's candidacy was endorsed by the editorial boards of the Washington Post[41] and the Washington City Paper.[42]

Bowser won the Democratic primary with 66% of the vote, to Renee L. Bowser's (no relation) 13%, Max Skolnik's 9%, Baruti Jahi's 5%, Judi Jones' 3%, and Calvin Gurley's 2%.[43] Unopposed in the general election,[44] she was elected with 97% of the vote.[45]

Mayor of the District of Columbia

2014 election

On March 23, 2013, Bowser announced that she would run for Mayor of the District of Columbia in the 2014 election.[46] Her campaign's chair was former council member William Lightfoot.[47]

Bowser emphasized that she can connect with longtime residents concerned about the rapid changes occurring in the District, while still celebrating the changes that had occurred.[48] Bowser disdained business-as-usual and corruption in the District's government.[48] She favored free Metro fares for students.[49] She was against increasing for the minimum wage only for employees of large retailers.[50] Bowser was criticized for being too inexperienced for the position,[48] with too few legislative accomplishments while on the Council,[51] and for having a platform that was short on details.[52] She limited the number of debates by only agreeing to participate after the field of candidates had been set, which postponed the first debate until August.[53]

Bowser was endorsed by EMILY's List[54] and the editorial board of The Washington Post.[55] She won the Democratic mayoral primary election with 43 percent of the vote.[56]

In the general election, Bowser was on the ballot with Independents David Catania, Nestor Djonkam and Carol Schwartz, D.C. Statehood Green Faith Dane and Libertarian Bruce Majors. No Republican filed.[57] Bowser won the election with 80,824 votes (54.53%) and took office on January 2, 2015.[58]

Crime

During her first year as Mayor, the District saw a 40% increase in homicides.[59] In July 2015, Bowser attributed the spike in violence to the sale of synthetic marijuana and proposed measures granting police additional authorities for a crackdown on stores selling the substance.[60] After violence continued unabated, in October 2015 Bowser proposed legislation allowing law enforcement officials to perform warrantless searches of violent ex-offenders. The bill was widely opposed by citizen's groups and the D.C. Council.[59]

Homelessness

Bowser pledged to end chronic homelessness in the District.[61] During the winter of 2015, the District saw an increase in homelessness of 250 percent from any previous year as families were sheltered in hotel rooms.[61] In February 2016, Bowser unveiled a plan to provide housing for homeless families following the closure of DC General.[62] Without any community consultation or input, Bowser announced the location of one shelter in each of the District's eight wards and refused to say how the sites were selected. [62] [63] [64] In March 2016, it was revealed that many of the sites selected were connected to Bowser's contributors.[65] Under Bowser's plan, the monthly cost per unit was $4,500 on average each year for at least the next 20 years. [65]

Campaign finance

In 2015, Bowser's allies formed FreshPAC, a political action committee intended to advance her agenda.[66] The initiative was the first PAC in District politics so closely aligned with a sitting mayor and created by a former campaign treasurer. Thanks to a legislative loophole regulating off-year fundraising, FreshPAC accepted unlimited contributions. Bowser supporters had quickly raised more than $300,000 and had a goal of collecting $1 million by year’s end.[66][67] FreshPAC was chaired by Earle “Chico” Horton III, a lobbyist for a major corporation that sought Bowser's support.[68] Many of the highest donors participated in a trip to China with the mayor. [69] Following outcry from the Washington Post, members of the D.C. Council, and other stakeholders, FreshPAC was shut down in November 2015. [67] Bowser said she thought FreshPAC was a good thing but its message was distorted.[70]

Public utilities

In October 2015, Bowser changed her position to support the $6.4-billion merger between two public utilities, Exelon and Pepco. Opponents of the merger decried the lack of transparency in the deal and Bowser's reversal. [71] Community activists raised ethics concerns, claiming that Bowser was swayed by a $25 million pledge to rename the future MLS Soccer Stadium as Pepco Park. [72] In December 2015, it was revealed that Exelon had paid the chairman of FreshPAC, a political action committee affiliated with Bowser's allies, as a lobbyist.[73]

Youth services

In April 2016, the DC Trust, a government-funded entity that disburses grants throughout the district to non-profits providing youth services, declared bankruptcy and announced plans to fold. Bowser had recently provided $700,000 in taxpayer funding and appointed four members to the board of the organization, also known as the City Youth Investment Trust Corp. Bowser's representatives did not know how much of the funding remained or how youth services could be continued. Earlier, former councilmember Harry Thomas, Jr. was found guilty on felony charges for embezzling $350,000 of the trust's funds. [74]

Development

In February 2015, Bowser cancelled the creation of a public facility for art exhibitions, lectures and educational activities by the Institute for Contemporary Expression. Approved by Gray, the project involved a privately funded conversion of the historic but unused Franklin School and had its first event planned for September 2015.[75][76] Bowser cited financial concerns for the decision, but critics noted that several of the firms who earlier competed unsuccessfully for the property were among her donors. [75] As of October 2015, proposals were still being considered.[77]

In September 2015, Bowser announced a deal with Monumental Sports owner Ted Leonsis to build a practice facility for the Washington Wizards.[78] Under the deal, District taxpayers would pay 90 percent of the estimated $55 million cost.[78] The government's portion was split between direct government expenditure and Events DC, a DC-government funded body which operates with an independent board.[79] Bowser opposed efforts to cap the taxpayer-funded portion in the event of cost overruns.[79] In July 2016, before construction had started, it was announced that costs would exceed estimates by $10 million while the number of seats in the facility would likely decrease. [80]

Transportation

As part of her first State of the District Address in March 2015, Bowser promised that the DC Streetcar would open by the end of the year. [81] In 2016, the Streetcar still required several certifications and testing phases before it could be opened. [82]

Public services

In January 2016, the District was paralyzed by an inch of snow on untreated roads.[83][84] More than 1,000 accidents were reported and some commuters abandoned their cars amidst impassable roads.[83][84] Bowser apologized for an inadequate response, explaining that "we should have been there earlier".[84]

Other positions

Although Bowser supports the outfitting of Metropolitan Police Department with body cameras and has requested $6 million in her 2016 budget proposal to complete the task, she also included a provision that would make all footage from the cameras exempt from Freedom of Information Act requests, with the goal "to respect privacy."[85][86][87]

Electoral history

2004

2004 Advisory Neighborhood Commission, 4B09, general election[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel E. Bowser 966 98
  write-in 22 2

2006

2006 Advisory Neighborhood Commission, 4B09, general election[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel E. Bowser 601 90
  write-in 70 10

2007

2007 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 4, special election[25]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel Bowser 5,064 40
Democratic Michael A. Brown 3,433 27
Democratic Charles Gaither 683 5
Democratic Dwight E. Singleton 602 5
DC Statehood Green Renee Bowser 583 5
Democratic Graylan Scott Hagler 468 4
Democratic Tony Towns 390 3
Democratic Robert G. Childs 339 3
Democratic Artee Milligan 170 1
Independent Judi Jones 154 1
Democratic Carroll Green 117 1
Democratic Lisa P. Bass 110 1
Democratic Douglas Ned Sloan 98 1
Democratic Marlena D. Edwards 97 1
Democratic T. A. Uqdah 82 1
Democratic Lisa Comfort Bradford 72 1
Democratic Michael T. Green 49 0
Democratic James Clark 17 0
Democratic Roy Howell 10 0
  write-in 29 0

2008

2008 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 4, Democratic Party primary election[33]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel Bowser 7,132 75
Democratic Baruti Jahi 1,800 19
Democratic Paul E. Montague 302 3
Democratic Malik F. Mendenhall-Johnson 236 2
  write-in 58 1
2008 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 4, general election[35]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel Bowser 30,888 97
  write-in 936 3

2012

2012 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 4, Democratic Party primary election[43]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel Bowser 7,541 66
Democratic Renee L. Bowser 1,523 13
Democratic Max Skolnik 1,042 9
Democratic Baruti Jahi 619 5
Democratic Judi Jones 371 3
Democratic Calvin Gurley 268 2
  write-in 32 0
2012 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 4, general election[45]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel Bowser 33,045 97
  write-in 933 3

2014

2014 Mayor of the District of Columbia, Democratic Party primary election[88]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel E. Bowser 42,045 43
Democratic Vincent C. Gray 31,613 33
Democratic Tommy Wells 12,393 13
Democratic Jack Evans 4,877 5
Democratic Andy Shallal 3,196 3
Democratic Vincent Orange 1,946 2
Democratic Reta Lewis 490 1
Democratic Carlos Allen 120 0
  write-in 235 0
2014 Mayor of the District of Columbia, general election[89]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Muriel E. Bowser 88,439 54
Independent David A. Catania 57,375 35
Independent Carol Schwartz 11,625 7
DC Statehood Green Faith Dane 1,348 1
Libertarian Bruce Majors 1,164 1
Independent Nestor Djonkam 421 0
  write-in 1,493 1

See also

References

  1. ^ DeBonis, Mike (March 4, 2014). "Five things you don't know about Muriel Bowser, promising 'fresh start' as D.C. mayor". The Washington Post.
  2. ^ Stewart, Nikita. In Primary, Bowser Asserts Independence. The Washington Post. August 20, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
  3. ^ "Annual Report, 2006-2007" (PDF). Elizabeth Seton High School. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008.
  4. ^ "Elizabeth Seton: Class of 1990". The Washington Post. June 14, 1990. p. MD11A.
  5. ^ Harriston, Keith (May 19, 1990). "Academics Pay Off for Teen Individualists". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  6. ^ Local elections 2008: Muriel Bowser. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
  7. ^ Neibauer, Michael (January 4, 2016). "Here's what Mayor Muriel Bowser paid for her new home". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  8. ^ Suderman, Alan (April 26, 2013). "Muriel's Vetting". Washington City Paper.
  9. ^ Drake, Ingrid. Possible Contenders in the Ward 4 Race (pdf). DC North. January 2007.
  10. ^ Jaffe, Harry (September 24, 2014). "Muriel Bowser Is No Adrian Fenty". Washingtonian.
  11. ^ a b Certified Summary Results (pdf). District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. November 18, 2004.
  12. ^ a b Woodlee, Yolanda; Silverman, Elissa. "Hopefuls Begin Staking Out Fenty's and Gray's Seats", The Washington Post. 2006-09-20.
  13. ^ Ward 4 with ANC & SMD Boundary. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  14. ^ a b "Certified Official Results Report". District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original (pdf) on November 30, 2006.
  15. ^ a b Silverman, Elissa. Fenty a Strong Presence in Crowded Ward 4 Race to Replace Him. The Washington Post. 2007-01-23.
  16. ^ Silverman, Elissa; Woodlee, Yolanda. Fenty's School Takeover Plan Gets Rough Reception. The Washington Post. 2007-03-02.
  17. ^ Chen, Eve. Fenty Supports ANC Commissioner as Successor. WTOP. January 21, 2007.
  18. ^ Woodlee, Yolanda. Candidates Focus On Fundraising In Wards 4, 7, The Washington Post. 2007-03-06.
  19. ^ a b Woodlee, Yolanda. Top Fundraisers Feel The Heat in Ward 4. The Washington Post. 2007-04-27.
  20. ^ Woodlee, Yolanda; Silverman, Elissa. Who Will Fenty Support in Ward 7?, The Washington Post. March 8, 2007.
  21. ^ The D.C. Special Election: Muriel Bowser in Ward 4 and Victor Vandell in Ward 7 are the best bets for council. The Washington Post. 2007-04-15.
  22. ^ Muriel Bowser Receives the Metropolitan Council, AFL-CIO Endorsement (pdf). Muriel Bowser for Ward 4 2008. Press release. 2007-04-10.
  23. ^ Silverman, Elissa; Labb, Theola. Dueling Endorsements for Vacant Seats. The Washington Post. 2007-03-22.
  24. ^ Muriel Bowser Endorsed By The Fraternal Order of Police, Metropolitan Police Department Labor Committee (pdf). Fraternal Order of Police, Metropolitan Police Department Labor Committee. Press release. 2007-03-15.
  25. ^ a b Certified Official Results Report (pdf). District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. May 11, 2007.
  26. ^ a b List of Candidates for the September 9, 2008 Congressional and Council Primary Election (pdf). District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. 2008-07-03.
  27. ^ Stewart, Nikita. Local Election Season Quietly Kicks Off. The Washington Post. 2008-05-11.
  28. ^ Advisory Neighborhood Commission 4B. Government of the District of Columbia. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  29. ^ Stewart, Nikita R. And They're Off! The Washington Post. 2008-05-11.
  30. ^ Stewart, Nikita. "In Primary, Bowser Asserts Independence". The Washington Post. August 20, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  31. ^ "The D.C. Council Primary: Our choices in next Tuesday's election". The Washington Post. September 3, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  32. ^ DeBonis, Mike. Incumbents Rake In Stein Club Endorsements. Washington City Paper. 2008-06-19.
  33. ^ a b c Certified Results. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. September 26, 2008.
  34. ^ "List of Candidates in Ballot Order for the November 4, 2008 General Election" (PDF). District of Columbia Board of Board of Elections and Ethics.
  35. ^ a b Certified Results. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. November 24, 2008.
  36. ^ Bowser, Bulger join Metro Board; New members represent the District of Columbia July 21, 2011 WMATA.com
  37. ^ Two D.C. Council members concerned by Metro hiring practices By Chuck Neubauer - Washington Times - Sunday, April 15, 2012
  38. ^ Muriel Bowser talks Metro, bikes, development, education, and more by David Alpert; GreaterGreaterWashington.org October 13, 2014
  39. ^ a b c d Suderman, Alan (January 20, 2012). "Bowser Defends Corporate Giving, And Lots of It". Washington City Paper.
  40. ^ Stewart, Nikita (March 8, 2012). "Bowser looks to be bouncing back". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  41. ^ "Our choices for D.C. Council" (editorial). The Washington Post. March 18, 2012. p. A20.
  42. ^ Schaffer, Michael (March 21, 2012). "Vote This Way on April 3!". Washington City Paper.
  43. ^ a b "Council Primary Official Results" (PDF). District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. April 19, 2012.
  44. ^ Suderman, Alan (July 30, 2012). "How Many People Does It Take to Host a Party?". Washington City Paper.
  45. ^ a b Certified Results. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. November 6, 2012.
  46. ^ DeBonis, Mike; Stewart, Nikita (March 23, 2013). "Muriel Bowser launches bid for D.C. mayor". The Washington Post.
  47. ^ Noble, Andrea (April 16, 2014). "Minority parties see power grab for D.C. vote". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014.
  48. ^ a b c DeBonis, Mike (March 4, 2014). "Muriel Bowser tries to escape Fenty's shadow, other Gray challengers in D.C. mayor race". The Washington Post.
  49. ^ DeBonis, Mike (June 26, 2013). "Sales tax cut likely to get D.C. Council's okay". The Washington Post.
  50. ^ DeBonis, Mike (June 27, 2013). "Higher minimum pay nearer in District". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  51. ^ McCartney, Robert (February 10, 2014). "Muriel Bowser seems to be the candidate to beat among rivals to D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray". The Washington Post.
  52. ^ Barras, Jonetta Rose (September 10, 2014). "Muriel Bowser runs for mayor, ready or not" (editorial). The Washington Post.
  53. ^ King, Colbert (September 10, 2014). "Muriel Bowser runs for mayor, ready or not". The Washington Post.
  54. ^ Freed, Benjamin (February 25, 2013). "Political Groups Line Up to Endorse DC's Mayoral Candidates, Real and Hypothetical". Washingtonian Magazine.
  55. ^ "Muriel Bowser for District Mayor" (editorial). The Washington Post. February 20, 2014.
  56. ^ DeBonis, Mike (April 2, 2014). "Muriel Bowser wins". The Washington Post.
  57. ^ "Sample Ballot, General Election, November 4, 2014" (PDF). District of Columbia Board of Elections. 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  58. ^ DeBonis, Mikie; Davis, Aaron C. (November 5, 2014). "Bowser is elected D.C. mayor, defeating independents Catania and Schwartz". The Washington Post.
  59. ^ a b Davis, Aaron (October 21, 2015). "D.C. mayor's plan for 'warrantless searches' appears dead on arrival". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  60. ^ Noble, Andrea (July 10, 2010). "D.C. mayor signs emergency bill to crack down on synthetic drugs". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  61. ^ a b Davis, Aaron (October 31, 2015). "More D.C. families are living in homeless shelters at the start of winter than ever before — and it's by design". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  62. ^ a b McDermott, Ryan (October 21, 2015). "D.C. mayor's homeless shelter plan lacks transparency, critics say". Washington Times. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  63. ^ Davis, Aaron (February 9, 2017). "District mayor reveals sites proposed for homeless shelters across city". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  64. ^ Davis, Aaron (October 31, 2015). "D.C. mayor refuses to say how she picked sites for new homeless shelters". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  65. ^ a b Davis, Aaron (March 16, 2016). "Homeless shelter plan could be profitable for Bowser's backers". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  66. ^ a b Davis, Aaron C. (October 20, 2015). "Divided D.C. Council takes aim at Mayor Bowser's super PAC". The Washington Post.
  67. ^ a b Davis, Aaron C. (November 11, 2015). "D.C. mayor's allies reluctantly shut down controversial PAC". The Washington Post.
  68. ^ "FreshPAC's chairman lobbying for Exelon was legal, but unseemly". The Washington Post. December 18, 2015.
  69. ^ Davis, Aaron C. (November 7, 2015). "D.C. mayor's delegation to China includes some top PAC contributors". The Washington Post.
  70. ^ Holman, Craig (April 15, 2016). "There's nothing to fear in fair elections". The Washington Post.
  71. ^ Davis, Aaron C. (October 6, 2015). "D.C. Mayor reverses course and backs Pepco-Exelon merger". The Washington Post.
  72. ^ Davis, Aaron C. (November 11, 2015). "Opponents of Pepco-Exelon merger call for ethics investigation of Bowser". The Washington Post.
  73. ^ Madden, Patrick (December 16, 2015). "Exelon Paid FreshPAC Chairman To Lobby D.C. Government About Merger". WAMU.
  74. ^ Davis, Aaron C. (April 26, 2016). "Mismanagement has bankrupted a D.C. nonprofit, endangering programs for at-risk youths, board members say". The Washington Post.
  75. ^ a b Kennicott, Philip (November 11, 2015). "A setback for D.C. arts and culture, years in the making". The Washington Post.
  76. ^ Capps, Kriston (February 13, 2015). "Six Reasons Bowser Should Reconsider Pulling ICE from the Franklin School". The Washington City Paper.
  77. ^ Clabaugh, Jeff (October 23, 2015). "D.C. receives new proposals for historic Franklin School". Washington Business Journal.
  78. ^ a b Sommer, Will (September 15, 2015). "Taxes Will Fund 90 Percent of Wizards Practice Site". washingtoncitypaper.com.
  79. ^ a b Pyke, Alan (March 22, 2016). "Taxpayer-Backed Arena Deal Gets New Scrutiny Amid Radical Housing Shortage". Thinkprogress.org.
  80. ^ O'Connell, Jonathan (July 28, 2016). "Cost of Wizards practice facility rises $10 million before construction can even begin". Washington Post.
  81. ^ Laris, Michael (April 1, 2015). "Big challenges in D.C. Mayor Bowser's vow to activate, expand streetcar line". The Washington Post.
  82. ^ Freed, Benjamin (December 4, 2015). "The DC Streetcar Won't Run in 2015". Washingtonian.
  83. ^ a b Barbash, Fred (January 21, 2016). "An inch of snow, icy roads unleash 9 hours of traffic chaos across D.C. region". Washington Post. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  84. ^ a b c Devorak, Petula (January 21, 2016). "Forget ISIS. The most powerful city on earth can't handle a dusting of snow". Washington Post. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  85. ^ Washington City Paper: "Bowser Wants Body Cam Footage Exempt from Open Records Law" by Will Sommer April 13, 2015
  86. ^ Huffington Post: "D.C. Mayor Doesn't Want You To See Police Body Camera Footage" by Jason Cherkis April 14, 2015
  87. ^ Washington Post: "D.C. Council raises alarms over Mayor Bowser’s budget" By Aaron C. Davis April 13, 2015
  88. ^ "Mayoral Primary Official Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. April 1, 2014.
  89. ^ "General Election Official Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. November 4, 2014.
Council of the District of Columbia
Preceded by Member of the Council of the District of Columbia
from Ward 4
2007–2015 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Mayor of the District of Columbia
2014 		Most recent
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of the District of Columbia
2015–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muriel_Bowser&oldid=753000458"