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Oakville, Ontario

Coordinates: 43°27′23″N 79°42′50″W / 43.45639°N 79.71389°W / 43.45639; -79.71389[2]
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Oakville
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Oakville
Downtown Oakville
Downtown Oakville
Coat of arms of Oakville
Coat of arms
Official logo of Oakville
Logo
Motto: 
Avancez ("Go forward")[1]
Oakville is located in Southern Ontario
Oakville
Oakville
Oakville is located in Regional Municipality of Halton
Oakville
Oakville
Coordinates: 43°27′23″N 79°42′50″W / 43.45639°N 79.71389°W / 43.45639; -79.71389[2]
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
RegionHalton
Wards7
Neighbourhoods12
Established1827
Government
 • MayorRob Burton
 • Governing BodyOakville Town Council
 • MPsAnita Anand
Pam Damoff
 • MPPsStephen Crawford
Effie Triantafilopoulos
Area
[3]
 • Land138.94 km2 (53.65 sq mi)
Elevation
173 m (568 ft)
Population
 (2021)[4]
 • Total213,759
 • Density1,538.5/km2 (3,985/sq mi)
DemonymOakvillian
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
L6H to L6M
Area code(s)905, 289, 365, and 742
Websitewww.oakville.ca

Oakville is a town in Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Lake Ontario between Toronto and Hamilton. At its 2021 census population of 213,759, it is Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, one of the most densely populated areas of Canada.

History

In 1793, Dundas Street was surveyed for a military road. In 1805, the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada bought the lands between Etobicoke and Hamilton from the indigenous Mississaugas people, except for the land at the mouths of Twelve Mile Creek (Bronte Creek), Sixteen Mile Creek, and along the Credit River. In 1807, British immigrants settled the area surrounding Dundas Street as well as on the shore of Lake Ontario.[5]

In 1820, the Crown bought the area surrounding the waterways. The area around the creeks, 960 acres (3.9 km2), ceded to the Crown by the Mississaugas,[6] was auctioned off to William Chisholm in 1827. He left the development of the area to his son, Robert Kerr Chisholm, and his brother-in-law, Merrick Thomas. Chisholm also formed shipbuilding business in Oakville Navy Street and Sixteen Mile Creek (Halton Region) and lasted until 1842, but shipbuilding in Oakville lasted into the late 20th century.[7][8]

The population in 1846 was 1,500. The community shipped large quantities of wheat and lumber via schooners and the railway. There were three churches, a grist mill and saw mill, and various small companies making threshing machines, wagons, watches, saddles, and metal goods. There were also tradesmen of various types.[9]

Oakville's industries also included shipbuilding. In the 1850s, there was an economic recession and the foundry, the most important industry in town, was closed. Basket-making became a major industry in the town, and the Grand Trunk Railway was built through it.[10] In 1869, the population was 2,000.[11] The community was served by the Great Western Railway and it was a port on Lake Ontario.

The town eventually became industrialized with the opening of Cities Service Canada (later BP Canada, and now Petro Canada) and Shell Canada oil refineries (both now closed), the Procor factory (no longer manufacturing), and, most importantly, the Ford Motor Company's Canadian headquarters and plant, all close to the Canadian National Railway and the Queen Elizabeth Way highway between Toronto and Fort Erie (Buffalo).[12]

In 1962, the town of Oakville merged with its neighbouring villages (Bronte, Palermo, Sheridan, and the remainder of Trafalgar Township) to become the new Town of Oakville, reaching northwards to Steeles Avenue in Milton. In 1973, the restructuring of Halton County into Halton Region brought the northern border southwards to just north of the future Highway 407.[13]

Geography

Neighbourhoods

Oakville's Planning Department divides the town into communities. These are based on traditional neighbourhoods.[14]

Oakville Harbour
Neighbourhood Description
Old Oakville Old Oakville (downtown) is located in South-Central Oakville along the shore of Lake Ontario. It is bordered by the Sixteen Mile Creek and Oakville Harbour to the west, Chartwell Road to the east, and Cornwall Road to the north.[15]
Kerr Village Kerr Village is a section of downtown located just west of the Old Village around Kerr Street between Speers Rd and Lakeshore Road.
Bronte Bronte is located in Southwest Oakville along the shore of Lake Ontario. It is a community centred on Bronte Harbour and includes the Coronation Park district to its east.[16]
Eastlake Eastlake is located in Southeast Oakville along the shore of Lake Ontario. It is bordered on the west by Morrison Creek, to the north by Cornwall Road, and to the east by Mississauga.[17]
Clearview Clearview is located in Centre East Oakville. It is located on the Oakville-Mississauga border[18]
College Park College Park is located between Sixteen Mile Creek and just east of Trafalgar Road, from the Queen Elizabeth Way north to Upper Middle Road. It surrounds Sheridan College.[19]
Iroquois Ridge North Iroquois Ridge North is located in North East Oakville between Upper Middle Road and Dundas Street.[20]
Iroquois Ridge South Iroquois Ridge South is located in North East Oakville. The Falgarwood area is located in the southern end of the Iroquois Ridge South community.[21]
Glen Abbey Glen Abbey is located in West Oakville, with Third Line and Dorval Drive being the major arteries of the community. It is a large area west of the Glen Abbey Golf Course, home of the Canadian Open.[22]
Palermo Palermo is located in Northwest Oakville. It is a small community centred on the intersection of Dundas Street and Bronte Road (Highway 25).[23]
River Oaks River Oaks is located in North-Central Oakville. It includes the Oak Park development.[24]
Uptown Core Uptown Core is located in North Centre Oakville. It includes the area on either side of Trafalgar Road between Dundas Street and Glenashton Drive.[25]
West Oak Trails West Oak Trails is located in North Centre West Oakville on the north side of Upper Middle Road. It is a newer development than the other communities.[26]

Climate

Like much of Southern Ontario, Oakville has a Humid continental climate straddling Dfa/Dfb classifications, with cold, but not extreme, winters and warm, to very warm summers. Like most lakeside municipalities on the Great Lakes, there are varying temperatures within town boundaries, generally warmer days further from the lake, the exception being on the colder days in winter.[27]

Climate data for Oakville Southeast WPCP
Climate ID: 615N745; coordinates 43°29′N 79°38′W / 43.483°N 79.633°W / 43.483; -79.633 (Oakville Southeast WPCP); elevation: 86.9 m (285 ft); 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.9
(57.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		32.0
(89.6) 		33.0
(91.4) 		38.0
(100.4) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.5
(99.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		28.9
(84.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		38.0
(100.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		11.3
(52.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		20.9
(69.6) 		14.3
(57.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.7
(23.5) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		8.1
(46.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		6.8
(44.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		15.0
(59.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		3.2
(37.8)
Record low °C (°F) −30.0
(−22.0) 		−25.0
(−13.0) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		1.1
(34.0) 		7.0
(44.6) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−14.0
(6.8) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−30.0
(−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.8
(2.35) 		46.7
(1.84) 		54.4
(2.14) 		65.2
(2.57) 		73.9
(2.91) 		71.0
(2.80) 		75.8
(2.98) 		78.3
(3.08) 		73.5
(2.89) 		70.0
(2.76) 		79.3
(3.12) 		58.8
(2.31) 		806.7
(31.76)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 31.5
(1.24) 		30.7
(1.21) 		37.2
(1.46) 		63.1
(2.48) 		73.9
(2.91) 		71.0
(2.80) 		75.8
(2.98) 		78.3
(3.08) 		73.5
(2.89) 		70.0
(2.76) 		76.8
(3.02) 		43.9
(1.73) 		725.6
(28.57)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 28.3
(11.1) 		16.1
(6.3) 		17.2
(6.8) 		2.1
(0.8) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		2.5
(1.0) 		14.9
(5.9) 		81.0
(31.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.6 7.2 9.0 11.1 10.4 10.3 8.8 9.8 10.2 10.4 11.1 9.7 117.6
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.4 3.8 6.4 10.6 10.4 10.3 8.8 9.8 10.2 10.4 10.6 6.8 102.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 5.6 3.7 3.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.4 17.6
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[28]

Demographics

Oakville
YearPop.±%
1841550—    
18711,684+206.2%
19011,643−2.4%
19112,372+44.4%
19213,298+39.0%
19313,857+16.9%
19414,115+6.7%
19516,910+67.9%
196110,366+50.0%
197161,483+493.1%
198175,773+23.2%
1991114,670+51.3%
1996128,405+12.0%
2001144,738+12.7%
2006165,613+14.4%
2011182,520+10.2%
2016193,832+6.2%
2021213,759+10.3%

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Oakville had a population of 213,759 living in 73,558 of its 76,179 total private dwellings, a change of 10.3% from its 2016 population of 193,832. With a land area of 138.94 km2 (53.65 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,538.5/km2 (3,984.7/sq mi) in 2021.[29]

Ethnic origins (2016)[30][31] Population %
English 42,280 22.1
Canadian 32,415 16.9
Scottish 31,525 16.4
Irish 30,880 16.1
Italian 16,900 8.8
German 15,500 8.1
Chinese 14,840 7.7
French 14,250 7.4
East Indian 12,615 6.6
Polish 9,890 5.2
Portuguese 7,550 3.9
Ukrainian 6,990 3.6
Dutch 5,880 3.1

According to the 2016 Census, the median age in the town is 41.7 years. 18.9% of the population is under 15 years of age, 66.5% is between 15 to 64 years, and 14.5% is 65 and over.[32]

The 2016 Census found the most reported ethnocultural background to be White (68.5%), followed by South Asian (8.9%), Chinese (7%), Arab (3.2%), Black (2.9%), Filipino (1.9%), Latin American (1.9%), Korean (1.6%), West Asian (1.1%), and other backgrounds. Aboriginals make up 0.7% the population: 0.4% First Nations and 0.3% Métis.[33]

In 2016, immigrants made up 35.9% of the population. The top 10 places of birth of the immigrant population were the United Kingdom (11%), China (9.3%), India (7.6%), Pakistan (4.2%), Poland (3.8%), Philippines (3.7%), the United States (3.4%), Portugal (3.3%), Egypt (3.1%), and South Korea (2.9%).[34]

According to the 2011 Census, 70.1% of the population identify as Christian, with Catholics (37.9%) making up the largest denomination, followed by Anglican (7.6%), United Church (7.3%), and other denominations. Others identify as Muslim (4%), Hindu (2.1%), Sikh (1.4%), Buddhist (0.8%), Jewish (0.5%) and with other religions. 20.6% of the population report no religious affiliation.[35]

The most common mother tongues among the population in 2016 were English (64.1%), Mandarin (3.9%), Arabic (2.4%), and Spanish (2.2%).[36]

Mother tongue Population %
English 123,565 64.1
Mandarin 7,515 3.9
Arabic 4,635 2.4
Spanish 4,250 2.2
Italian 3,370 1.7
Portuguese 3,360 1.7
Polish 3,355 1.7
French 3,340 1.7
Urdu 2,835 1.5
Punjabi 2,375 1.2
Korean 2,250 1.2
Russian 1,975 1
Cantonese 1,935 1
Tagalog (Filipino) 1,900 1
Croatian 1,835 1
German 1,640 0.9
Serbian 1,395 0.7
Persian 1,330 0.7
Hindi 1,205 0.6
Romanian 1,065 0.6

Economy

The top employers in Oakville include:[37]

Company / organization Employees Sector
Halton Catholic District School Board 4,592 Education
Ford Motor Company of Canada 4,500 Head Office & Automobile Manufacturing Plant
Halton District School Board 2,393 Education
Halton Healthcare 2,290 Healthcare Services
Regional Municipality of Halton 2,054 Regional Government
Sheridan College 1,856 Post-Secondary Institution
The Corporation of the Town of Oakville 1,144 Municipal Government
Tim Hortons headquarters

Employers

Sagen MI Canada (TSX:MIC)[38] and Mattamy Homes are based in Oakville [obsolete source] while Siemens, The Ford Motor Company, and MADD Canada have their head Canadian offices in the town. Many Oakville residents work in advanced manufacturing at large facilities operated by UTC Aerospace Systems and General Electric.[39]

Many Oakville companies fall under the life science umbrella, with an emphasis on pharmaceuticals and elder care.[39] There are also a number of retirement homes in the city.[39][40]

As Oakville is considered part of the Greater Toronto Area it is common for residents to commute to jobs in Toronto.[41]

Arts and culture

Oakville Centre for the Performing Arts

Oakville Centre for the Performing Arts

The Oakville Centre for the Performing Arts houses several performances by local and international artists. It is also the performing venue for the Oakville Symphony Orchestra, the Oakville Children's Choir and the Oakville Ballet Company. The Oakville Arts Council provides further artistic talents in the town showcasing films, literary figures and visual arts.

The Oakville Children's Choir

The Oakville Children's Choir has been in business since 1994.[42]

Oakville Galleries

Oakville Galleries is a not-for-profit art museum that exhibits contemporary art, cares for a permanent collection and delivers public programming. Its exhibition spaces are located on two sites: Gairloch Gardens and Centennial Square.[43]

Events

Downtown Oakville Jazz Festival

The Downtown Oakville Jazz Festival is an annual summer jazz festival established in 1992. The event includes performances at a number of stages along Lakeshore Road in downtown Oakville. The event is free to the public.[44]

Waterfront Festival

Beginning in 1982, Oakville's Coronation Park played host to the annual Oakville Waterfront Festival. Among a range of events, the festival included small amusement park rides, arts and crafts, food and drinks, free concerts headlined by Canadian bands, and nightly fireworks displays. The Waterfront Festival took place in late June of each year until 2010, when it was cancelled due to financial difficulties,[45] despite having annual attendance of up to 100,000 visitors. It returned in August 2013,[46] which was the most recent festival to date.

Kerrfest

The Kerrfest is an annual outdoor music festival that takes place in early September in Oakville. Having begun in 2014, the event includes free performances and is open to the public, located at Westwood Park.[47]

For the Love of the Arts Festival

The For the Love of the Arts Festival is an annual event taking place in the late spring in Oakville. Inaugurated in 2002, the event is hosted by CommUnity Arts Space (originally known as Music and Art Shared Space who initiated the festival), a local umbrella group advocating for shared physical space for Oakville's arts and cultural groups.[48] Currently the only such multi-disciplinary community festival of its kind in Oakville, the event serves to showcase local talent, skills, crafts, literary art, dance performances, theatre groups and music performances. The event is intended as a symbolic presentation of a "shared space" and is entirely sponsored by local corporate and private donations.[49]

Shopping

The Oakville Place Shopping Centre is an indoor shopping mall in Oakville that opened in 1981.[50][51][52] The mall is approximately 42,000 square metres (452,000 sq ft).[53][54]

Sports

Athletics

The Oakville Half Marathon is an annual half marathon event held in Shell Park, with sub-events in 10K, 5K, and 2K Fun Run/Walk.[55]

Golf

Glen Abbey Golf Course is located in Oakville. Designed by Jack Nicklaus, the course has hosted 30 Canadian Open championships since it opened in 1977, and both Golf Canada and the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame are located there.[56] In 2018, the owner, Clublink, planned to demolish the golf course in order to build residential and commercial properties.[57] In 2021, following objections from the community and municipal government, Clublink withdraw its development plan and stated it would continue operating Glen Abbey as a golf course.[56]

Soccer

The Oakville Blue Devils of League 1 Ontario is a professional soccer team. The Blue Devils are affiliated with the Oakville Soccer Club, which is the largest soccer club in Canada.[58] Oakville boasts over 60 soccer fields and a Soccer Club Facility with a two-star, full-size, FIFA-Certified indoor soccer pitch.[59]

Lacrosse

Oakville is home to the headquarters and practice facilities of the Toronto Rock professional box lacrosse team competing in the National Lacrosse League. Oakville is also home to the 3rd largest minor lacrosse association in Ontario: The Oakville Minor Lacrosse Association has more than 1,500 players and competes in multiple classes and multiple divisions. The town also has the Oakville Buzz, a Junior "A" lacrosse team who won the Founders Cup in 2006. The current rep lacrosse team is the Oakville Hawks.[60]

Hockey

Oakville Blades home game

The Oakville Blades is a Tier II Junior "A" franchise since 1966, and a "AAA" hockey system. The current rep hockey team for boys in Oakville is Oakville Rangers, who are the 2-time defending champions for the Midget "AAA" group. For girls, there is the Oakville Hornets, who are the largest female hockey association in the world.[61]

Skating

Skate Oakville, which is headquartered at Oakville's Sixteen Mile Creek Sports Complex, was recently the largest skating club in Canada,[62] providing learn to skate lessons, recreational figure skating programs, competitive training, and 10 synchronized skating teams.[63]

Baseball

Baseball is represented in Oakville by two organizations: Oakville Little League and the OMBA (Oakville Minor Baseball Association).[64]

Oakville Little League is the largest Little League organization in Canada. In 2018, there were over 1,150 young people playing across eight divisions and over 90 teams, including seven All-Star teams. Oakville Little League also fields six All-Star (Rep) teams, known as the Oakville Whitecaps. The 12U and 14U Whitecaps teams compete annually to play in the Little League World Series and Junior League World Series, respectively.[65]

The OMBA (Oakville Minor Baseball Association) was established in 1963. It offers three levels of baseball to children and youth in Oakville: House League, Select and Rep. OMBA runs the Oakville A's, the official Town Rep baseball playing in the Central Ontario Baseball Association (COBA) system.

Canoeing

Burloak Canoe Club is located in Oakville. Three Olympians, Adam van Koeverden, Mark Oldershaw and Larry Cain, trained at the club.[66]

Swimming

Oakville Aquatic Club is a competitive swim club, catering to every level of swimmer, from novice swim lessons to high performance coaching since 1968. [67]

Government

Municipal and regional

At the municipal level, the governing body is the Oakville Town Council consisting of a mayor (currently Rob Burton) and fourteen councillors.[68] The town is divided into seven wards, with two councillors elected by residents of each ward.[69]

In each ward, one councillor represents the ward solely on the Oakville Town Council, and the other is a member of the 21-member governing council of the Regional Municipality of Halton,[70] in addition to being a member of the 14-member Town Council.

Provincial

Two provincial ridings are situated in Oakville, which use the same boundaries as the federal ridings and are currently represented provincially by:

Federal

Two federal ridings are situated in Oakville, which are currently represented by:

Infrastructure

Transportation

Oakville Transit provides local bus service. GO Transit commuter rail and bus service operates from Bronte and Oakville stations. Via Rail services along the line between Windsor and Quebec corridor, and operates from Oakville station.[74]

Several major roads and highways go through Oakville:

The Queen Elizabeth Way and Ontario Highway 403 run concurrently throughout most of Oakville.

Emergency services

Law enforcement in Oakville is performed by the Halton Regional Police Service.[75]

Fire service is provided by the Oakville Fire Department with its nine fire stations.[76]

The Town of Oakville's Waters Air Rescue Force is a volunteer organization that provides marine search and rescue service in Western Lake Ontario. It was founded in 1954 and was a charter member of the Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary.[77]

Education

See also: List of schools in Oakville, Ontario

Elementary schools and high schools in Oakville are a mix of private and public schools, with one of the highest ratios of private schools to student population in the country.[78] Oakville is covered by the Halton District School Board, Halton Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde, and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir. St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Secondary School (Oakville) and White Oaks Secondary School both offer the International Baccalaureate Program.

The town is home to Appleby College, a private school for grades seven to twelve, established in 1911[79] as well as St. Mildred's-Lightbourn School, an independent all-girls school. Oakville is also home to the Trafalgar Campus of Sheridan College, primarily an arts and business studies institute, and Oakville's only higher education facility.[80]

Media

Oakville is primarily served by media based in Toronto with markets in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) that cover most of the news in the GTA.[81] One regional newspaper, the Oakville Beaver, is published once weekly.[82][83] The monthly magazines Neighbours of Joshua Creek, Neighbours of Glen Abbey and Neighbours of Olde Oakville serve three key neighbourhoods. The town is also served by Oakvillenews.org, a locally owned online daily newsletter and website.[84]

The town also has two specialty radio stations: AM 1250 CJYE, a Christian music station[85] and AM 1320 CJMR, a Multicultural station.[86]

The following national cable television station also broadcast from Oakville:[87]

  • The Weather Network has broadcast nationally from Oakville since 2005.
  • The Hamilton-based television station CHCH-DT serves Hamilton, Halton and Niagara, thus including Oakville. CHCH recently closed its Halton Bureau (due to budget considerations) which was located in downtown Oakville.
  • TVCogeco from the studio in the Cogeco Cable Headquarters at Harvester Road & Burloak Drive, just inside of Burlington.

Sister cities

Oakville is twinned with the following cities:[88]

The town of Oakville has named two streets after Dorval and Neyagawa.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Coat of Arms". Town of Oakville. Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  2. ^ "Oakville". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Canada [Country]". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 8 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  4. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  5. ^ "History of Oakville". barclaysquare.ca. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  6. ^ "Illustrated Historical Atlas of Halton County (1877)". Waler & Miles. Archived from the original on December 6, 2003. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
  7. ^ "Oakville Harbour Heritage". oakville.ca. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  8. ^ "Oakville CN History". cncphotoalbum.com. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  9. ^ Smith, Wm. H. (1846). Smith's Canadian Gazetteer. Toronto: H. & W. ROWSELL. p. 133.
  10. ^ "Oakville Pioneers". oakville.ca. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  11. ^ Page 343. Robertson & Cook. 1869. ISBN 9780665094125. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
  12. ^ "Oaxville Travel". lakewoodtravel.com. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  13. ^ "Oakville Boundaries Map Pre 1973" (PDF). oakville.ca. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
  14. ^ "Town of Oakville Official Plan" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2006-09-30. p. 130. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  15. ^ "Old Oakville Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  16. ^ "Bronte Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  17. ^ "Eastlake Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  18. ^ "Clearview Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  19. ^ "College Park Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  20. ^ "Iroquois Ridge North Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  21. ^ "Iroquois Ridge South Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  22. ^ "Glen Abbey Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  23. ^ "Palermo Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  24. ^ "River Oaks Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  25. ^ "Uptown Core Community Profile" (PDF). Town of Oakville. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
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