Quanzhou
Quanzhou
泉州 Chôan-chiu | |
|---|---|
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| • Simplified | 泉州 |
| • Pinyin | Quánzhōu |
| • POJ | Chôan-chiu |
 | |
 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Xu Gang |
| • Mayor | Zhu Ming |
| Area | |
• Total | 11,015 km2 (4,253 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
• Total | 8,128,530 |
| • Density | 740/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 362000 |
| Area code | 595 |
| GDP | 2009[1] |
| - Total | CNY 300.229 billion (USD 43.99 billion) |
| - Per capita | CNY 38,368 (USD 5,622) |
| - Growth |  12.5% |
| License Plate Prefixes | 闽C |
| Local Dialect | Min Nan: Quanzhou dialect |
| Website | www.quanzhou.gov.cn |
Quanzhou (Chinese: 泉州; pinyin: Quánzhōu; Wade–Giles: Ch'üan2-chou1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chôan-chiu) is a prefecture-level city in Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It borders all other prefecture-level cities in Fujian but two (Ningde and Nanping) and faces the Taiwan Strait. In older English works, its name may appear as Chinchew or Chinchu or Zayton.
The prefecture-level city of Quanzhou has an area of 11,015 km² and, as of 2010 Census, a population of 8,128,530 inhabitants.[2]
Administrative divisions
The prefecture-level city of Quanzhou administers four districts, three county-level cities, four counties, and two special economic districts. The People's Republic of China claims Jinmen County, more widely known as Quemoy, as part of Quanzhou, but the territory is currently under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China.
The information here presented uses the metric system and data from 2010 Census.
| English Name | Simplified | Traditional | Pinyin | POJ | Area | Population | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Licheng District | 鲤城区 | 鯉城區 | Lǐchéng Qū | Lí-siâⁿ-khu | 53 | 368,059 | 6,946 |
| Fengze District | 丰泽区 | 豐澤區 | Fēngzé Qū | Hong-te̍k-khu | 127 | 529,640 | 4,170 |
| Luojiang District | 洛江区 | 洛江區 | Luòjiāng Qū | Lo̍k-kang-khu | 382 | 187,189 | 490 |
| Quangang District | 泉港区 | 泉港區 | Quán'gǎng Qū | Chôan-káng-khu | 306 | 187,189 | 490 |
| Shishi City | 石狮市 | 石獅市 | Shíshī Shì | Chio̍h-sai-chhī | 160 | 636,700 | 3,979 |
| Jinjiang City | 晋江市 | 晉江市 | Jìnjiāng Shì | Chìn-kang-chhī | 722 | 1,986,447 | 2,751 |
| Nan'an City | 南安市 | 南安市 | Nánān Shì | Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī | 2,011 | 1,418,451 | 705 |
| Hui'an County | 惠安县 | 惠安縣 | Huì'ān Xiàn | Hūi-oaⁿ-kōan | 720 | 716,224 | 995 |
| Anxi County | 安溪县 | 安溪縣 | Ānxī Xiàn | An-khoe-kōan | 2,983 | 977,432 | 328 |
| Yongchun County | 永春县 | 永春縣 | Yǒngchūn Xiàn | Éng-chhun-kōan | 1,452 | 452,217 | 311 |
| Dehua County | 德化县 | 德化縣 | Déhuà Xiàn | Tek-hòe-kōan | 2,232 | 277,867 | 124 |
| Quanzhou Economic Development District | 泉州经济开发区 | 泉州經濟開發區 | Quánzhōu Jīngjì Kāifā Qū | Chôan-chiu-keng-chè-khui-hoat-khu | 20 | 36,758 | 1,838 |
| Quanzhou District for Taiwanese Investment | 泉州台商投资区 | 泉州台商投資區 | Quánzhōu Táishāng Tóuzī Qū | Chôan-chiu-Tâi-siong-tâu-chu-khu | 58 | 228,007 | 3,931 |
Geography
Quanzhou is a coastal prefecture bordered by Xiamen sub-provincial city to the south west. It also forms another border with Zhangzhou and Longyan prefecture level city towards the west. Putian and Fuzhou form Quanzhou's northeast border and Sanming forms the northwestern one.
Quanzhou is mountainous and has many rivers and tributaries originating from the interior.Quanzhou have four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter.It is temperature range from 0 to 38 degree celsius most area all year around.In summer, there are typhoon, bring rains and some damage to this city.It is suitable for people to live in, never too hot nor too cold.It is called "Coastal Yale"for its fantastic living environment.
History
Quanzhou was established in 718 during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). In those days, Guangzhou was China's greatest seaport, but this status would be surpassed later by Quanzhou. During the Song Dynasty (960–1279) and Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368), Quanzhou was one of the world's largest seaports, hosting a large community of foreign-born inhabitants from across the Eurasian world.
Due to its reputation, Quanzhou has been called the starting point of the Silk Road via the sea. From the Arabic name form of the city, Zayton, the word satin would be minted.[3] In The Travels of Marco Polo, Quanzhou (called Zayton, T'swan-Chau or Chin-Cheu) was listed as the departure point for Marco Polo's expedition to escort the 17-year-old Mongol princess bride Kököchin to her new husband in the Persian Ilkhanate. In 1357 however a military revolt by the local Persian militia led to a ten-year rebellion that resulted in large civilian casualties in Quanzhou.
Of the Chinese Li family in Quanzhou, Li Nu, the son of Li Lu, visited Hormuz in Persia in 1376, converted to Islam, married a Persian girl and brought her back to Quanzhou. Li Nu was the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty reformer Li Chih.[4][5][6]
Quanzhou was an important port in Yuan dynasty, for example Mongol invasion of Java during the reign of Kubilai Khan sailed from this port.[7]
Quanzhou Overseas Relations Museum preserves a number of relics related to the Quanzhou's era as a major seaport. A particularly important exhibit is the so-called Quanzhou ship, a sea-going junk that sunk some time after 1272, and was recovered in 1973–74.[8] Quanzhou is a city has a long history and rich culture.It also has many religions, people believe in different religions from various countries came to Quanzhou in ancient time, especially during Song and Yuan Dynasty.Religion like Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism etc. can be seen here, you can visit different places of interest about these religion in Quanzhou city.It was elected as "Ten Most Charm City in China"in 2004 by CCTV china's first charm city selected activities.
Quanzhou is also a migration source of many Overseas Chinese living in South East Asia and to Taiwan during the last couple of centuries.There are about 6million people whose ancestory come from Quanzhou now live abroad.Most of them live in southeast Asia,countries like Singapore,Philippine,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand etc.There are also about 0.6million Quanzhou people live in Hongkong now.
Dialect
Local people speak a variant of Hokkien which is similar to Amoy and Taiwanese. In Mandarin Chinese this dialect is called "Minnan Hua", which can be translated as "the language of South Fujian". It is essentially the same dialect spoken in Xiamen and Zhangzhou, and it bears little similarity with the official Chinese Mandarin. Many overseas Chinese whose ancestors came from the Quanzhou area, especially those in southeast Asia, often speak mainly Hokkien at home.
Economy
Quanzhou is a major exporter of agricultural products such as tea, banana, lychee and rice. It is also a major producer of quarry granite and ceramics. Other industries include textiles, footwear, fashion and apparel, packaging, machinery, paper and petrochemicals.[9]
Quanzhou is the biggest automotive market in Fujian; it has the highest number of private automobile possession.[10]
Its GDP ranks first in Fujian Province for 20years.From 1991 to 2010.In 2008,Quanzhou's textile and apparel production accounts for 10% of China, the production of sports and Tourism shoes accounts for 80% of China, 20% of the world, stone exports account for 50%, resin handicraft exports account for 70% of the country, ceramic exports account for 67% of the country, candy production accounts for 20%.
Different districts and counties in quanzhou have their own special industries which are known to the rest of China. Jinjiang and shishi are famous for Apparel and textile, Huian is famous for its stone, Quangang is famous for petrifaction, Dehua is Ceramics, Yongchun is Citrus, Anxi is WULONG Tea, Nan An is building materials, Fengze is resin.
Jinjiang County, Shishi County, Nanan County, Huian County, Anxi County, these five counties from Quanzhou City have been 100 most powerful economic county in china for many years.Which again shows quanzhou is a developed area in Fujian province, even in China.
Transport
Quanzhou is an important transport hub within south eastern Fujian province. Many export industries in the Fujian interior cities will transport goods to Quanzhou ports. Quanzhou Port was one of the most prosperous port in Tang Dynasty while now still an important one for exporting. Quanzhou is also connected by major roads from Fuzhou to the north and Xiamen to the south. Jinjiang Domestic Airport is Quanzhou's airport servicing flights within Fujian province and other destinations. Quanzhou is connected to the rest of China through relatively new high-speed train network. Trains to Xiamen take under 45 minutes, making it a convenient weekend or day trip. Long-distance bus services also run daily/nightly to Shenzhen and other major cities.
Colleges and universities
- Huaqiao University (national)
- Yang-en University (private)
- Quanzhou Normal University (public)
- Quanzhou Medical College (public)
- Liming Vocational University(public)
Culture
Quanzhou is one of the twenty-four famous historic cultural cities first approved by the Chinese Government.
- Liyuan Opera (梨园戏)
- Puppet Show (提线木偶戏)
- Gaojia Opera (高甲戏)
- Dacheng Opera (打城戏)
Notable historical and cultural sites (the 18 views of Quanzhou as recommended by the Fujian tourism board) include Qing yuan mountain(青远山), East & West lake parks (东湖/西湖公园), Kai yuan temple (开元庙) and one of the oldest Muslim mosques in China dating back over a thousand years next to a Chinese temple on Tu men street (涂门街).
Notable products
- Dehua Porcelain (德化瓷器)
- Huian Stoneware (惠安石刻)
- Anxi Tieguanyin (安溪铁观音)
- Quanzhou Martial Arts (泉州五祖拳)
- Yongchun Martial Arts (永春白鹤拳)
The city hosted the Sixth National Peasants' Games in 2008.
Quanzhou is also the birthplace of the actress Yao Chen.
References
- ^ "泉州市2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Simplified Chinese). Quanzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau. 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ Template:Zh icon Compilation by LianXin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
- ^ Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009). Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective. Presses de l'Université du Québec. p. 221. ISBN 9782760515888. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976). A-L, Volumes 1-2. Columbia University Press. p. 817. ISBN 0231038011, 9780231038010. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chen, Da-Sheng. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Joseph Needham (1971). Science and civilisation in China, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 495. ISBN 0521070600, 9780521070607. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help) - ^ Sen, Tan Ta (2009). Cheng Ho and Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 186. ISBN 9812308377, 9789812308375.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Quanzhou Overseas-relations History Museum
- ^ Quanzhou, Fujian. InJ. R. Logan (Ed.), The new Chinese city: Globalization and market reform (pp. 227-245). Oxford: Blackwell
- ^ KFC, McDonald's to Open Drive-in Restaurants in Quanzhou SinoCast China Business Daily News. London (UK): Aug 23, 2007. pg. 1
- Brown, Bill (2004). Mystic Quanzhou: City of Light. Xiamen, China: Xiamen University Press.
External links
- Government website of Quanzhou (in Simplified Chinese)
