Jump to content

User:Viroguy/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marseilleviridae sandbox


Marseilleviridae is a family of viruses first named in 2012.[1] The genomes of these viruses contain almost 500 genes in approximately 340–390 kilo base pairs (kbp) of double-stranded DNA packaged into icosahedral virions of approximately 200 to 250 nm diameter.[2][3][4] For comparison, the smallest naturally occurring organism that can grow in pure culture (Mycoplasma genitalium} has about the same number of genes, and the smallest obligate endosymbiont bacterium, Nasuia deltocephalinicola has only approximately 140 protein coding genes and a 140 kbp genome. Amoeba are often hosts for marseilleviridae, but there is evidence that they are found in humans as well.[5][6][7][8] As of 2016, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognizes four species in this family, divided among 2 genera.[9][10] However, there are alternate classifications based on DNA sequence data.[11] The marseilleviridae are members of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) clade.

External image
image icon Sizes of some giant viruses and virophages and their genomes.
Tree based on clusters of orthologous genes shared by NCLDV's (2016)

ICTV Taxonomy

[edit]

Group: dsDNA

Order: Unassigned
  • Family: Marseilleviridae
    • Genus: Marseillevirus
    • Genus: Unassigned

[10]

Four lineage taxonomy

[edit]
Genome architecture and synteny of some marseilleviridae.
"Supertree" phylogenetic diagram of the 4 lineages of Marseilleviridae and the giant NCLDV Pithovirus sibericum virus based on 5 gene sequences.
Images of cryo-frozen Melbournevirus particles (left and center) and enlarged diagram of structure near a vertex. Black arrows indicate Large Dense Bodies. White arrows indicate lipid bilayer.

The four lineages, A, B, C and D and the viral species grouped into them are as follows.

Lineage A
Cannes8 virus
Marseillevirus (same as 2016 ICTV genus)
Melbourne virus
Senegalvirus (similar to 2016 ICTV classification)
Lineage B
Lausannevirus (2016 ICTV genus unassigned)
Lineage C
Insectomime
Tunisvirus (2016 ICTV genus unassigned)
Lineage D
Brazilian Marseillevirus

The viruses

[edit]

In alphabetical order

Brazilian Marseillevirus

[edit]

Is the first Marseillevirus from the Americas.[11] It grows in Acanthamoeba castellanii, has 362,276 base pairs (bp) in the circular DNA genome and has almost 500 open reading frames (ORFs).[11]

Cannes 8 virus

[edit]

Was isolated from a cooling tower in Cannes, France by culturing the water sample with Acanthamoeba castellanii.[12] Its circular genome has 374,041 bp and has almost 500 ORFs. [12]

Insectomime

[edit]
External image
image icon Images of the insectomime virus and viral factories in ameoba.

Was isolated from internal organs of a rat-tailed maggot of the drone fly Eristalis tenax found in a stagnant water reservoir tank.[3] The discoverers discussed the possibility that the virus was either ingested directly or with a "Trojan horse" amoeba.[3] The virus was grown by culturing with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The icosahedral virus has a diameter of 225 nm with 386,631 bp of DNA.[3]

Lausannevirus

[edit]

Was isolated from an ameoba collected from the Seine river in 2005[4] It has only been found to grow in Acanthamoeba. The circular DNA sequence of 346,754 bp has been published, but a linear form with terminal repeats was also reported.[4] Lausannevirus and marseillevirus share 3 genes that encode histone-like proteins and a few inteins among the approximately 90% protein similarity between the viruses.[4]

Marseillevirus

[edit]

Was isolated in 2009 from a cooling tower in Paris by culturing on Acanthamoeba polyphaga[13]

[edit]

Additional species have since been recognized.[14] The first member of this family recognized has been named Acanthamoeba polyphaga marseillevirus. A second member is Acanthamoeba castellanii lausannevirus. Two additional viruses have been isolated but have yet to be named. Another member of this family has been isolated from blood donors.[15]

The viruses appear to fall into at least 3 lineages: (1) Marseillevirus and Cannes8virus (2) Insectomime and Tunisvirus and (3) Lausannevirus. A sixth potential member of this family—Melbournevirus—appears to be related to the Marseillevirus/Cannes8virus clade.[16]

A seventh virus—Brazilian Marseillevirus—has been reported.[17] [11]This virus appears to belong to a fourth lineage of virus in this family.

Another virus—Tokyovirus—has also been reported.[18]

Another member of this family is Kurlavirus.[19]

Structure

[edit]

Viruses in Marseilleviridae have icosahedral geometries. The diameter is around 250 nm. Genomes are circular, around 372kb in length. The genome has 457 open reading frames.[9]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Unassigned Head-Tail T=16 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite
Marseillevirus Icosahedral Circular

Life cycle

[edit]

Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. Amoeba serve as the natural host.[9]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Marseillevirus Amoeba None Fusion Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Diffusion in Water

History

[edit]

One of the first members of this family was described in 2009.[20] Other members described around then (2007) and since then have been documented.[21]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Colson, Philippe; Pagnier, Isabelle; Yoosuf, Niyaz; Fournous, Ghislain; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2012). ""Marseilleviridae", a new family of giant viruses infecting amoebae". Archives of Virology. 158 (4): 915–920. doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1537-y. ISSN 0304-8608.
  2. ^ Aherfi S, Colson P, La Scola B, Raoult D (2016). "Giant Viruses of Amoebas: An Update". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 349. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00349. PMC 4801854. PMID 27047465.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ a b c d Boughalmi, Mondher; Pagnier, Isabelle; Aherfi, Sarah; Colson, Philippe; Raoult, Didier; La Scola, Bernard (2013). "First Isolation of a Marseillevirus in the Diptera SyrphidaeEristalis tenax". Intervirology. 56 (6): 386–394. doi:10.1159/000354560. ISSN 1423-0100.
  4. ^ a b c d Thomas, Vincent; Bertelli, Claire; Collyn, François; Casson, Nicola; Telenti, Amalio; Goesmann, Alexander; Croxatto, Antony; Greub, Gilbert (2011). "Lausannevirus, a giant amoebal virus encoding histone doublets". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (6): 1454–1466. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02446.x. ISSN 1462-2912.
  5. ^ La Scola, Bernard (2014). "Looking at protists as a source of pathogenic viruses". Microbial Pathogenesis. 77: 131–135. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.005. ISSN 0882-4010.
  6. ^ Colson, Philippe; Fancello, Laura; Gimenez, Gregory; Armougom, Fabrice; Desnues, Christelle; Fournous, Ghislain; Yoosuf, Niyaz; Million, Matthieu; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2013). "Evidence of the megavirome in humans". Journal of Clinical Virology. 57 (3): 191–200. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.03.018. ISSN 1386-6532.
  7. ^ Popgeorgiev, Nikolay; Boyer, Mickaël; Fancello, Laura; Monteil, Sonia; Robert, Catherine; Rivet, Romain; Nappez, Claude; Azza, Said; Chiaroni, Jacques; Raoult, Didier; Desnues, Christelle (2013). "Marseillevirus-Like Virus Recovered From Blood Donated by Asymptomatic Humans". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (7): 1042–1050. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit292. ISSN 1537-6613.
  8. ^ Aherfi, Sarah; Colson, Philippe; Audoly, Gilles; Nappez, Claude; Xerri, Luc; Valensi, Audrey; Million, Matthieu; Lepidi, Hubert; Costello, Regis; Raoult, Didier (2016). "Marseillevirus in lymphoma: a giant in the lymph node". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 16 (10): e225–e234. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30051-2. ISSN 1473-3099.
  9. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  10. ^ a b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2016 Release". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d Dornas, Fábio; Assis, Felipe; Aherfi, Sarah; Arantes, Thalita; Abrahão, Jônatas; Colson, Philippe; La Scola, Bernard (2016). "A Brazilian Marseillevirus Is the Founding Member of a Lineage in Family Marseilleviridae". Viruses. 8 (3): 76. doi:10.3390/v8030076. ISSN 1999-4915.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) Cite error: The named reference "DornasAssis2016" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Aherfi, Sarah; Pagnier, Isabelle; Fournous, Ghislain; Raoult, Didier; La Scola, Bernard; Colson, Philippe (2013). "Complete genome sequence of Cannes 8 virus, a new member of the proposed family "Marseilleviridae"". Virus Genes. 47 (3): 550–555. doi:10.1007/s11262-013-0965-4. ISSN 0920-8569.
  13. ^ Boyer, M.; Yutin, N.; Pagnier, I.; Barrassi, L.; Fournous, G.; Espinosa, L.; Robert, C.; Azza, S.; Sun, S.; Rossmann, M. G.; Suzan-Monti, M.; La Scola, B.; Koonin, E. V.; Raoult, D. (2009). "Giant Marseillevirus highlights the role of amoebae as a melting pot in emergence of chimeric microorganisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (51): 21848–21853. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911354106. ISSN 0027-8424.
  14. ^ Colson P, Pagnier I, Yoosuf N, Fournous G, La Scola B, Raoult D (2012) "Marseilleviridae", a new family of giant viruses infecting amoebae. Arch Virol
  15. ^ Popgeorgiev N, Boyer M, Fancello L, Monteil S, Robert C, Rivet R, Nappez C, Azza S, Chiaroni J, Raoult D, Desnues C (2013) Giant blood Marseillevirus recovered from asymptomatic blood donors. J Infect Dis
  16. ^ Doutre G, Philippe N, Abergel C, Claverie JM (2014) Genome analysis of the first Marseilleviridae representative from Australia indicates that most of its genes contribute to the virus fitness. J Virol pii: JVI.02414-14
  17. ^ Dornas FP, Assis FL, Aherfi S, Arantes T, Abrahão JS, Colson P, La Scola B (2016) A Brazilian Marseillevirus is the founding Member of a lineage in family Marseilleviridae. Viruses 8(3) pii: E76. doi: 10.3390/v8030076
  18. ^ Takemura M (2016) Draft genome sequence of Tokyovirus, a member of the Family Marseilleviridae isolated from the Arakawa River of Tokyo, Japan. Genome Announc 9:4(3). pii: e00429–16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00429-16
  19. ^ Chatterjee A, Kondabagil K (2017) Complete genome sequence of Kurlavirus, a novel member of the family Marseilleviridae isolated in Mumbai, India. Arch Virol
  20. ^ Boyer M, Yutin N, Pagnier I, Barrassi L, Fournous G, Espinosa L, Robert C, Azza S, Sun S, Rossmann MG, Suzan-Monti M, La Scola B, Koonin EV, Raoult D. (2009) Giant Marseillevirus highlights the role of amoebae as a melting pot in emergence of chimeric microorganisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:21848–21853. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911354106. PMID 20007369
  21. ^ Aherfi S, La Scola B, Pagnier I, Raoult D, Colson P. (2014) The expanding family Marseilleviridae. Virology. pii: S0042-6822(14)00320-00321. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.014. PMID 25104553
[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Viroguy/sandbox&oldid=791250361"