Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District

Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District
Nearest city	Port Isabel, Texas
Coordinates	26.57363°N 97.25272°W / 26.57363; -97.25272
Area	2,500 acres (1,000 ha)
Built	1553 (1553)
NRHP reference No.	74002083
Added to NRHP	January 21, 1974

The Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District is an 18.31-acre (74,100 m²) area located near the city of Port Mansfield, Texas, United States, in the waters off Kenedy County and Willacy County, Texas. Located offshore in the Gulf of Mexico near the Port Mansfield Cut, the underwater archaeological site is the location of the Mansfield Cut Wrecks and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1974.

Mansfield Cut Wrecks

The Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District contains three Spanish shipwrecks caused by a 1554 storm off the southern Texas Gulf Coast near the Mansfield Cut. While the exact location of the site is unpublished, the three shipwrecks were found near the Padre Island National Seashore. The Mansfield Cut Wrecks are listed in the National Register as part of an archeological district of national significance.

Story

On April 9, 1554, four Spanish naos departed from San Juan de Ulúa bound for Havana, Cuba, the first leg of a return trip to Spain. The ships were loaded with precious metals and similar cargo. A storm off the coast of Cuba blew them across the Gulf of Mexico to the coast of Texas. On April 29, three of the ships ran aground with approximately 300 people aboard. The fourth ship, the San Andrés, reached Havana but was too damaged to repair. Few of the survivors made it back to Mexico but there are records of a salvage operation during the summer of 1554 which retrieved about half of the cargo.

Remains

Main article: San Esteban (1554 shipwreck)

Santa Maria de Yciar

Map of Cultural Resources from Early Occupation and Use, September 1967. The 1553 [sic] Shipwrecks site marks the protected area.

The scattered remains of the wooden vessel named Santa Maria de Yciar are buried off Padre Island, Texas near Mansfield. This vessel, which wrecked in 1554 when part of a treasure flota, lies within the Padre Island National Seashore. The anchor of the Santa Maria de Yciar was found when the Mansfield Channel was dredged in the late 1950s. The original anchor is located on the campus of Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. A life-size replica may be found in the visitor center of the Padre Island National Seashore. The Santa Maria de Yciar is owned by the State of Texas, Texas Antiquities Committee, and managed by the U.S. Government, National Park Service.

Espíritu Santo

The scattered remains of the wooden vessel named Espíritu Santo (Spanish for "Holy Ghost") are buried off Padre Island near Port Mansfield. This vessel, which wrecked in 1554 when part of a treasure flota, lies within the Padre Island National Seashore. The Espíritu Santo was discovered by Vida Lee Connor while scuba diving in 1966. A salvage operation by a private company in 1967 was the subject of a court case and was responsible for the Antiquities Code of Texas, passed by the state legislature in 1969.

San Esteban

The scattered remains of the wooden vessel named San Esteban are buried off Padre Island, near Port Mansfield. This vessel, which wrecked in 1554 when part of a treasure flota, lies within the Padre Island National Seashore. The San Esteban was discovered in the early 1970s during a magnetometer survey of the area arranged by the Underwater Archeological Research Section of the state Antiquities Committee.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Kenedy County, Texas

External links

• Padre Island Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554 from the Handbook of Texas Online
• "Spanish Shipwrecks in 1554: "The Wreck of the 300"". Texas Beyond History. University of Texas at Austin.
• "Photograph of a Historic Property in Texas" [Artifacts from 1554 Shipwreck at Mansfield Cut Archeological District]. University of North Texas Libraries ~ The Portal to Texas History. Texas Historical Commission.
• "Photograph of a Historic Property in Texas" [Diver Investigating 1554 Shipwreck at Mansfield Cut Archeological District]. University of North Texas Libraries ~ The Portal to Texas History. Texas Historical Commission.
• Artifacts from the Padre Island Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554
• Media related to Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District at Wikimedia Commons