Jacques Delors

Jacques Delors
8th President of the European Commission
In office 1985–1995
Preceded by	Gaston Thorn
Succeeded by	Jacques Santer
Personal details
Born	20 July 1925 (1925-07-20) Paris, France
Political party	Parti Socialiste (PS)
Religion	Roman Catholic

Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born 20 July 1925 in Paris) is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office (between January 1985 and December 1994).

French politics

Born in Paris in a familiy originating from Corrèze, Delors first held in the 1940s-1960s a series of posts in French banking and state planning with the Banque de France. As a member of the French Confederation of Christian Workers, he participated in its secularization and the foundation of the French Democratic Confederation of Labour. In 1969, he became an adviser to the Gaullist Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.

In 1974, Delors joined the French Socialist Party, with other left-wing Christians. He was one of the rare members of the party to be openly religious, thus challenging its long-standing secular tradition. He served in the European Parliament from 1979 to 1981. Under President François Mitterrand, Delors served as Economics and Finance Minister from 1981–1983, and Economics, Finance, and Budget Minister from 1983–1984. He advocated a pause in the social policies, a clear acceptance of the market economy, and an alignment with European social democracy. Mitterrand flirted many times with the idea of naming him Prime Minister^{[citation needed]}, but never did.

Delors Commission

See also: Delors Commission

Delors in 1988

Delors became the President of the European Commission in January 1985. During his presidency, he oversaw important budgetary reforms and laid the groundwork for the introduction of a single market within the European Community, which came into effect on 1 January 1993. (see Delors Commission for details)

In the autumn of 1988 Delors addressed the British Trade Union Congress, promising that the EC would be a force to require governments to introduce pro-labour legislation. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher responded with her famous Bruges Speech in September 1988, in which she said that she had not rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain only to see socialist measures reimposed by Brussels. These developments were of key importance for domestic UK politics – as recently as the early 1980s large elements of the Labour Party had been opposed to British membership of the EC, whereas the Conservatives under Harold Macmillan (1957-1963) and Edward Heath (1970-1974) had favoured joining. After 1988 it was to be the Conservatives who were divided, with Thatcher and her supporters opposed to further European federalism.

On 1 November 1990, shortly before Thatcher was ousted as Prime Minister, Delors bore the brunt of British Euroscepticism; tabloid newspaper The Sun's headline declaimed "Up Yours Delors" in response to his supposed attempts to force European Federalism upon the UK.

Post-Presidency

Delors has a long-standing interest in education. Initiator of a French law in 1971 (la formation professionnelle continue – FPC) requiring firms to set aside part of their profits for educational opportunities for their employees, he also chaired a UNESCO Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century from 1993 to 1996 whose final report was published as Learning: the Treasure Within. This work continues to have a significant influence on discourse on lifelong learning, forming the conceptual foundation for both the Canadian Composite Learning Index as well as the European Lifelong Learning Indicators (ELLI) project.

In 1994, members of the French Socialist party attempted to persuade Delors to run for President of France. Polls showed that he would have a very good chance of defeating either of the main conservative contenders – Prime Minister Édouard Balladur and Mayor of Paris Jacques Chirac. However Delors declined to run and the eventual Socialist nominee, Lionel Jospin, was defeated in the presidential election by Chirac.

Delors founded the Paris think tank Notre Europe in 1996 and remains one of its presidents. He is president of the Conseil de l'emploi, des revenus et de la cohésion sociale, and honorary member of both the Institut Aspen France and the Club of Rome.

Delors is also a member of the Club of Madrid, an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former Presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries.

On 15 September 2010 Delors supported the new initiative Spinelli Group, which was founded to reinvigorate the strive for federalisation of the European Union (EU). Other prominent supporters are: Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Guy Verhofstadt, Sylvie Goulard, Andrew Duff, Elmar Brok.

Delors is the father of Socialist politician Martine Aubry.

See also

• Delors Commission
• Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
• Notre Europe
• Spinelli Group

External links

• Delors addressing the British trade unions
• The famous headline from The Sun in the UK: "Up Yours Delors"

Writings

Delors, Jacques; Arnaud, Jean-Louis (2004), Mémoires, Plon, ISBN 9782259192927 

Political offices
Preceded by René Monory	French Minister of Finances 1981–1984	Succeeded by Pierre Bérégovoy
Preceded by Gaston Thorn	President of the European Commission 1985–1994	Succeeded by Jacques Santer
Academic offices
Preceded by Margaret Thatcher	College of Europe Orateur 1989	Succeeded by Richard von Weizsäcker