List of countries by intentional homicide rate
List of countries by intentional homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants.[1] The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary.[2] The legal definition of "intentional homicide" differs among countries. Intentional homicide may or may not include infanticide, assisted suicide or euthanasia.[3] See how intentional homicide is defined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its Global Study on Homicide report[1] :
Within the broad range of violent deaths, the core element of intentional homicide is the complete liability of the direct perpetrator, which thus excludes killings directly related to war or conflicts, self-inflicted death (suicide), killings due to legal interventions or justifiable killings (such as self-defence), and those deaths caused when the perpetrator was reckless or negligent but did not intend to take a human life (non-intentional homicide).
UNODC data is used in the main table below.[1]
Intentional homicide demographics are affected by changes in trauma care, leading to changed lethality of violent assaults, so the intentional homicide rate may not necessarily indicate the overall level of societal violence.[3] They may also be under-reported for political reasons.[4][5] Another problem for the comparability of the following figures is that some data may include attempts. In general the values in these lists should not include failed attempts except when mentioned otherwise.
A study undertaken by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development estimated that there were approximately 490,000 intentional homicides in 2004. The study estimated that the global rate was 7.6 intentional homicides per 100,000 inhabitants for 2004.[6] UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) reported a global average intentional homicide rate of 6.2 per 100,000 population for 2012 (in their report titled "Global Study on Homicide 2013").[1][7] UNODC calculated a rate of 6.9 in 2010.[8]
UNODC's global study
- Note: Please update the UNODC tables only with UNODC data.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has a site called Global Study on Homicide. All data in this section comes from reports on that site.[1]
By region
Rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants.
| Region | Rate | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Americas | 16.3 | 157,000 |
| Africa | 12.5 | 135,000 |
| World | 6.2 | 437,000 |
| Europe | 3.0 | 22,000 |
| Oceania | 3.0 | 1,100 |
| Asia | 2.9 | 122,000 |
The UNODC report has bar charts and timeline graphs of homicide rates for subregions. But the report does not list exact rate numbers. Subregion counts are not found in the report, but may be calculated by manually totaling the counts for each country in a subregion.[1]
By country
|
Note. Only the numbers from the UNODC source are used for this main table.[1] Data from other sources will be removed. |
|---|
The regions and region names in the table are based on the United Nations geoscheme since the table source is a United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report.[1] Enlarge the map to the right for more info.
For the full table with more info and multiple years see the UNODC source.[1]
This chart does not use the very latest data due to differences in how intentional homicide is defined, collected, and calculated for each country. In order to have more consistent, continuous, and reliable oversight only the latest UNODC sourcing is used for this section on countries.[1]
When using the figures, any cross-national comparison should be conducted with caution because of the differences that exist between the legal definitions of offences in countries, the different methods of offence counting and recording and differences in the share of criminal offences that are not reported to or detected by law enforcement authorities (i.e. the dark figure). This is especially true of countries where there are ongoing conflicts or high levels of political repression, where intentional killings carried out by state agents are unlikely to appear in official figures.[1]
- Note: x (in the count column, mainly in the Oceania section) – From UNODC source:[1] "due to small population size the estimated count is less than 2".
- "Notes" column links to notes section just below the chart. It links to additional info about wars, etc.. UNODC does not count war deaths in its data.[1]
- There is a total yearly count of homicides for each country. Rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants.
- Row numbers on the left are fixed.
|
|
Notes
Afghanistan. War in Afghanistan (1978–present).
Central African Republic. Central African Republic conflict (2012–present).
China. Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China
Colombia. Colombian conflict (1964–present).
Iraq. Iraq War.
Israel. Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Libya. 2011 Libyan Civil War.
Mexico. Mexican Drug War.
Norway. Utøya massacre.
Pakistan. War in North-West Pakistan.
State of Palestine. Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Somalia. Somali Civil War.
Sudan. Sudanese nomadic conflicts. Sudan–SPLM-N conflict.
Syria Syrian Civil War.
Yemen. Shia insurgency in Yemen.
Country subdivisions
Rates. Click the "show" links next to the country names at the top left of each chart. The references are linked from the sources column.
Australia
 Australia |
Sources | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Northern Territory |
[9][10][11] | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 |
 Tasmania |
[9][10][11] | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
 New South Wales |
[9][10][11] | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
 Western Australia |
[9][10][11] | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
 Queensland |
[9][10][11] | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
 Australian Capital Territory |
[9][10][11] | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
 Victoria |
[9][10][11] | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
 South Australia |
[9][10][11] | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Canada
 Canada[12] |
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Newfoundland and Labrador
|
0.39 | 2.4 | 1.37 | 0.59 | 0.98 | 0.20 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.57 | 1.33 | 0.38 | 0.57 | 1.32 |
 Prince Edward Island
|
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 2.05 | 0.68 | 0.00 |
 Nova Scotia
|
1.49 | 2.13 | 1.71 | 1.39 | 1.28 | 1.60 | 2.34 | 2.33 | 1.80 | 1.38 | 0.64 | 1.27 | 1.37 |
 New Brunswick
|
0.93 | 1.20 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.40 | 1.60 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 0.79 | 0.93 | 1.33 | 1.46 | 1.45 |
 Quebec
|
1.47 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.80 |
 Ontario
|
1.51 | 1.75 | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.14 | 1.26 | 1.47 |
 Manitoba
|
4.26 | 4.16 | 3.29 | 5.11 | 4.48 | 4.67 | 3.69 | 4.30 | 4.24 | 4.03 | 3.51 | 3.63 | 3.19 |
 Saskatchewan
|
3.91 | 4.33 | 4.23 | 3.00 | 2.96 | 3.50 | 3.14 | 3.56 | 2.67 | 2.80 | 2.14 | 3.79 | 4.69 |
 Alberta
|
2.65 | 3.25 | 2.78 | 2.51 | 3.06 | 2.59 | 2.04 | 2.95 | 2.21 | 2.05 | 2.57 | 3.17 | 2.73 |
 British Columbia
|
2.72 | 2.41 | 2.55 | 2.04 | 2.67 | 2.65 | 1.86 | 1.96 | 1.56 | 1.66 | 1.92 | 2.03 | 1.83 |
 Yukon
|
22.24 | 3.13 | 0.00 | 6.14 | 9.05 | 5.94 | 2.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.11 | 2.67 | 10.67 |
 Northwest Territories
|
9.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.59 | 6.87 | 4.58 | 2.31 | 6.90 | 11.46 | 4.56 | 6.82 | 11.34 | 6.75 |
 Nunavut
|
13.40 | 6.59 | 6.49 | 22.38 | 12.66 | 18.64 | 17.99 | 20.47 | 14.40 | 11.29 | 10.93 | 5.52 | 2.70 |
Mexico
United States
 United States |
Sources | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 District of Columbia |
[22] | 41.8 | 40.3 | 46.4 | 44.7 | 35.7 | 33.5 | 29.1 | 30.8 | 31.4 | 24.2 | 21.8 | 17.4 | 13.9 |
 Puerto Rico |
[23] | 18.22 | 19.57 | 20.48 | 20.69 | 21.02 | 20.39 | 19.82 | 19.41 | 21.47 | 23.82 | 26.22 | 30.6 | 26.46 |
 Louisiana |
[22] | 12.5 | 11.2 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 12.7 | 10.0 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 10.8 |
 New Mexico |
[22] | 7.4 | 5.4 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 5.6 |
 Maryland |
[22] | 8.1 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 6.3 |
 Tennessee |
[22] | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
 Alabama |
[22] | 7.4 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.1 |
 Mississippi |
[22] | 9.0 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 7.4 |
 Missouri |
[22] | 6.2 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 6.5 |
 Michigan |
[22] | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 7.0 |
 South Carolina |
[22] | 7.3 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 6.9 |
 Arkansas |
[22] | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 5.9 |
 Oklahoma |
[22] | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
 Illinois |
[22] | 7.2 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
 Nevada |
[22] | 6.5 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.5 |
 Georgia |
[22] | 8.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
 Florida |
[22] | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 |
 Arizona |
[22] | 7.0 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
 Texas |
[22] | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
 California |
[22] | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
 North Carolina |
[22] | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 4.9 |
 Pennsylvania |
[22] | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
 Indiana |
[22] | 5.8 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
 Delaware |
[22] | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.2 |
 West Virginia |
[22] | 2.5 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 3.9 |
 Ohio |
[22] | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
 Virginia |
[22] | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
 Kansas |
[22] | 6.3 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 2.9 |
 Kentucky |
[22] | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
 New York |
[22] | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.5 |
 New Jersey |
[22] | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
 Colorado |
[22] | 3.1 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
 Alaska |
[22] | 4.3 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
 Connecticut |
[22] | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.1 |
 Montana |
[22] | 2.2 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
 Rhode Island |
[22] | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 3.2 |
 Washington |
[22] | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.0 |
 Massachusetts |
[22] | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 1.8 |
 South Dakota |
[22] | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.0 |
 Wisconsin |
[22] | 3.2 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.0 |
 Wyoming |
[22] | 2.4 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.4 |
 Nebraska |
[22] | 3.7 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.9 |
 Oregon |
[22] | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
 Maine |
[22] | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
 Hawaii |
[22] | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
 North Dakota |
[22] | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
 Idaho |
[22] | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
 Minnesota |
[22] | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
 Utah |
[22] | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
 Iowa |
[22] | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
 Vermont |
[22] | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.3 |
 New Hampshire |
[22] | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
 Guam |
[24] | 4.9 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 0.6 |
- List of Brazilian states by murder rate
- List of Russian federal subjects by murder rate
- Crime in South Africa (includes a table with the homicide rates from April 1994 to March 2011)
See also
2
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The main table in this article uses only the latest homicide data that UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) has published at UNODC Statistics Online. It has some 2013, 2014, and 2015 data for some countries. See the homicide submenu of the Crime and Criminal Justice menu. Click on "Homicide counts and rates (2000-2015)". Choose region or the whole world. Download the PDF or Excel files. Or run the report in your browser. Check the box to open in a new tab so that the table is created without the intrusive sidebar. It takes awhile to load, and there may be no indicator at first. Save the page to save future loading time. The 2013 PDF full report (Global Study on Homicide) has a methodological annex (pages 109ff) and a statistical annex (pages 121ff). The statistical annex has detailed charts for homicide counts and rates by country with data from 2000–2012. Use the "rotate view" command in your PDF reader. Map 7.2 on page 112 is a world map showing the homicide count for each country or territory. Page 21 states estimated total homicides of 437,000 worldwide. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 (pages 21 and 22) have exact rates and counts by regions. Figure 1.3 on page 23 is a bar chart of homicide rates for the subregions. Figure 1.16 on page 34 shows timeline graphs by subregion.
- ^ Richards, Patsy (27 May 1999). "Homicide statistics, research paper 99/56" (PDF). London, UK: House of Commons of the United Kingdom library, Social and general statistics section. See page 7 for section called "Definition of the offence of homicide". See page 29 for table of nations and homicide rates for the years 1994-97. It also has further info on how homicide is defined across countries.
- ^ a b Harris, Anthony R.; Stephen H. Thomas; Gene A. Fisher; David J. Hirsch (May 2002). "Murder and medicine: the lethality of criminal assault 1960–1999" (fee required). Homicide studies. 6 (2): 128–166. doi:10.1177/1088767902006002003.
- ^ Fry, Don. Believing the news. ISBN 978-0-935742-11-4.
- ^ Vizzard, William J. Shots in the dark. ISBN 978-0-8476-9560-7.
- ^ Global Burden of Armed Violence Report (PDF) (report). Geneva, Switzerland: Geneva Declaration Secretariat. September 2008. pp. 67ff. ISBN 978-2-8288-0101-4.
data from 2004-2007
. The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development. - ^ Intentional homicide count and rate per 100,000 population, by country/territory (2000-2012). Data (in spreadsheet format) for UNODC report titled "Global Study on Homicide 2013". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Linked from Global Study on Homicide - Data: UNODC Homicide Statistics 2013
- ^ 2011 Global Study on Homicide: Trends, Contexts, Data. "data from 2010 or latest available year". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Vienna, Austria.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Dearden, Jack; Jones, Warwick. Homicide in Australia: 2006-07 National Homicide Monitoring Program annual report (PDF) (Report). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. p. 113.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Homicide Statistics: 2011 Australian Government report (Report). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Recorded Crime-Victims (PDF) (Report). Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ^ "Canada Summary Tables". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
- ^ Murder rate for 2015 and 2016 calculated with statistics provided by the National System of Public Security and the 2015 Census published by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. "2015 Census". National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ Murder rate for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 calculated with statistics provided by the National System of Public Security and the 2010 Census published by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. "2010 Census". National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2010" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2011" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2012" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2013" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2014" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2015" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Ordinary Crime Statistics 2016" (PDF). National System of Public Security. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay "State-by-state and National Crime Estimates by Year(s)". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ^ "UNODC Homicide Statistics". Universidad de Puerto Rico.
- ^ "Homicide Trends 2003–2008". UNODC. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
External links
- OECD Murder Rates : open, downloadable historical murder rates
- Getting Murdered: Where in the World? | constitutionalley.us. Has chart of subregion murder rates, counts, populations. Already out of date, but a good model.
- The Homicide Monitor map. Made by Brazil-based think tank, The Igarapé Institute.