List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

President of Czechoslovakia
Former political post
Standard of the President
Václav Havel
First officeholder	Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Last officeholder	Václav Havel
Style	His Excellency
Official residence	Prague Castle
Appointer	Federal Assembly
Office began	14 November 1918
Office ended	20 July 1992

The President of Czechoslovakia was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in 1992.

In periods when the post of the President of Czechoslovakia was vacant, some presidential duties were carried out by the Prime Minister. However, the Czechoslovak Constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

The second section lists the General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in 1948-1989. During this time, the General Secretary was the country's de facto chief executive. However, three general secretaries--Klement Gottwald, Antonin Novotny and Gustav Husak--also served as president at some point in their tenures.

The last living former President of Czechoslovakia, Václav Havel, died in 2011.

There are currently two living former General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia--Miloš Jakeš and Karel Urbánek.

Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)

      Czechoslovak National Socialist Party       Communist Party of Czechoslovakia       Civic Forum       Independent

#	Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ethnicity	Assumed office	Left office	Political Party
First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
1		Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk	1850–1937	Czech	14 November 1918	14 December 1935	Independent
2		Edvard Beneš	1884–1948	Czech	18 December 1935	5 October 1938	Czechoslovak National Social Party
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
3		Emil Hácha	1872–1945	Czech	30 November 1938	15 March 1939	Independent
Occupation (1939–1945) Emil Hácha remained State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de jure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany. Edvard Beneš proclaimed himself President within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, recognized as the only legitimate Czechoslovak Government during the Second World War. Jozef Tiso became President of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic.
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
4		Edvard Beneš	1884–1948	Czech	4 April 1945	7 June 1948	Czechoslovak National Social Party
Communist Era (1948–1989) Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990)
5		Klement Gottwald	1896–1953	Ethnic German	14 June 1948	14 March 1953	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
6		Antonín Zápotocký	1884–1957	Czech	21 March 1953	13 November 1957	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
7		Antonín Novotný	1904–1975	Czech	19 November 1957	22 March 1968	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
8		Ludvík Svoboda	1895–1979	Czech	30 March 1968	28 May 1975	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
9		Gustáv Husák	1913–1991	Slovak	29 May 1975	10 December 1989	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
10		Václav Havel	1936–2011	Czech	29 December 1989	20 July 1992	Civic Forum

General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)

Titled as Chairman 1948-1953, First Secretary 1953-1971

#	Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ethnicity	Assumed office	Left office
1		Klement Gottwald	1896–1953	Ethnic German	April 1945	14 March 1953
2		Antonín Novotný	1904–1975	Czech	14 March 1953	5 January 1968
3		Alexander Dubček	1921–1992	Slovak	5 January 1968	17 April 1969
4		Gustáv Husák	1913–1991	Slovak	17 April 1969	17 December 1987
5		Miloš Jakeš	1922–	Czech	17 December 1987	24 November 1989
6		Karel Urbánek	1941–	Czech	24 November 1989	20 December 1989

See also

• List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia
• List of rulers of Bohemia
  • List of Presidents of the Czech Republic
  • List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
  • List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
• List of rulers of Slovakia
  • List of Presidents of Slovakia
  • List of Prime Ministers of Slovakia