Terek Oblast
Terek Oblast
Терская область | |
---|---|
Country | Russian Empire |
Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
Established | 1873 |
Abolished | 1917 |
Capital | Vladikavkaz |
Area | |
• Total | 72,443.86 km2 (27,970.73 sq mi) |
Highest elevation (Elbrus) | 5,642 m (18,510 ft) |
Population (1916) | |
• Total | 1,377,923 |
• Density | 19/km2 (49/sq mi) |
• Urban | 17.50% |
• Rural | 82.50% |
The Terek Oblast[a] was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, roughly corresponding to the central part of Russia's North Caucasian Federal District. Тhe оblast was created out of the former territories of the North Caucasian Peoples, following their conquests by Russia throughout the 19th century. The Terek Oblast bordered the Astrakhan and Stavropol governorates to the north, the Kuban Oblast to the west, the Kutaisi and Tiflis governorates to the south, and the Dagestan Oblast to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Vladikavkaz, the current capital of North Ossetia–Alania within Russia.
Administrative divisions
The districts (okrugs), Cossack districts (otdels), and pristavstvo of the Terek Oblast in 1917 were as follows:[1]
District | Russian name | Capital | Population | Area | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1897 | 1916 | ||||
Vedensky | Веденскій округъ | Vedeno | – | 127,718 | 3,341.69 square versts (3,803.05 km2; 1,468.37 sq mi) |
Vladikavkazsky | Владикавказскій округъ | Vladikavkaz | 134,947 | 207,742 | 5,023.10 square versts (5,716.60 km2; 2,207.19 sq mi) |
Groznensky | Грозненскій округъ | Grozny | 226,035 | 195,744 | 4,369.22 square versts (4,972.44 km2; 1,919.87 sq mi) |
Nazranovsky | Назрановскій округъ | Nazran | – | 59,046 | 1,341.00 square versts (1,526.14 km2; 589.25 sq mi) |
Nalchiksky | Нальчикскій округъ | Nalchik | 102,908 | 180,534 | 10,458.35 square versts (11,902.25 km2; 4,595.49 sq mi) |
Kizlyarsky | Килярскій отдѣлъ | Kizlyar | 102,395 | 136,749 | 5,058.21 square versts (5,756.56 km2; 2,222.62 sq mi) |
Mozdoksky | Моздокскій отдѣлъ | Mozdok | – | 107,745 | 3,284.75 square versts (3,738.25 km2; 1,443.35 sq mi) |
Pyatigorsky | Пятигорскій отдѣлъ | Pyatigorsk | 181,481 | 200,486 | 5,838.69 square versts (6,644.79 km2; 2,565.57 sq mi) |
Sunzhensky | Сунженскій отдѣлъ | Sunzhenskaya (Sunzha) | 115,370 | 74,505 | 19,941.18 square versts (22,694.30 km2; 8,762.32 sq mi) |
Khasavyurtovsky | Хасавюртовскій округъ | Khasavyurt | 70,800 | 87,654 | 4,699.26 square versts (5,348.05 km2; 2,064.89 sq mi) |
Kara-Nogai | Караногайское приставство | – | – | – | – |
Demographics
Russian Empire census (1897)
According to the Russian Empire census of 1897, the Terek Oblast had a population of 933,936, including 485,568 men and 448,368 women. The plurality of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Chechen, Ossetian, Kabardian, and Ingush speaking minorities.[2]
Language | Native speakers | % |
---|---|---|
Russian | 271,185 | 29.04 |
Chechen | 223,347 | 23.91 |
Ossetian | 96,621 | 10.35 |
Kabardian | 84,093 | 9.00 |
Ingush | 47,184 | 5.05 |
Ukrainian | 42,036 | 4.50 |
Nogai | 36,577 | 3.92 |
Kumyk | 31,826 | 3.41 |
Tatar[b] | 27,370 | 2.93 |
Avar-Andean | 15,721 | 1.68 |
Armenian | 11,803 | 1.26 |
German | 9,672 | 1.04 |
Jewish | 6,328 | 0.68 |
Georgian | 5,893 | 0.63 |
Persian | 4,245 | 0.45 |
Polish | 4,173 | 0.45 |
Kalmyk | 3,595 | 0.38 |
Circassian | 2,565 | 0.27 |
Belarusian | 1,423 | 0.15 |
Kazi-Kumukh | 1,416 | 0.15 |
Dargin | 1,067 | 0.11 |
Turkmen | 1,057 | 0.11 |
Greek | 958 | 0.10 |
Lithuanian | 789 | 0.08 |
Imeretian | 756 | 0.08 |
Romani | 493 | 0.05 |
Bashkir | 398 | 0.04 |
Karachay | 216 | 0.02 |
Romanian | 156 | 0.02 |
Other | 973 | 0.10 |
TOTAL | 933,936 | 100.00 |
Faith | Male | Female | Both | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | |||
Muslim | 254,785 | 234,889 | 489,674 | 52.43 |
Eastern Orthodox | 190,536 | 178,175 | 368,711 | 39.48 |
Old Believer | 16,908 | 17,846 | 34,754 | 3.72 |
Armenian Apostolic | 7,674 | 6,798 | 14,472 | 1.55 |
Lutheran | 4,863 | 4,494 | 9,357 | 1.00 |
Roman Catholic | 4,559 | 1,086 | 5,645 | 0.60 |
Judaism | 3,652 | 2,924 | 6,576 | 0.70 |
Buddhist | 2,235 | 1,894 | 4,129 | 0.44 |
Armenian Catholic | 39 | 33 | 72 | 0.01 |
Baptist | 18 | 14 | 32 | 0.00 |
Karaite | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0.00 |
Anglican | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0.00 |
Reformed | 129 | 102 | 231 | 0.02 |
Mennonite | 95 | 103 | 198 | 0.02 |
Other Christian denomination | 6 | 1 | 7 | 0.00 |
Other non-Christian denomination | 60 | 6 | 66 | 0.01 |
TOTAL | 485,568 | 448,368 | 933,936 | 100.00 |
Caucasian Calendar (1917)
According to the 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, the Terek Oblast had 1,377,923 residents in 1916, including 722,685 men and 655,238 women, 1,113,608 of whom were the permanent population, and 264,315 were temporary residents:[1]
Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
North Caucasians | 22,655 | 9.39 | 648,548 | 57.05 | 671,203 | 48.71 |
Russians[c] | 175,155 | 72.64 | 417,886 | 36.76 | 593,041 | 43.04 |
Other Europeans | 12,646 | 5.24 | 23,654 | 2.08 | 36,300 | 2.63 |
Armenians | 23,265 | 9.65 | 7,165 | 0.63 | 30,430 | 2.21 |
Sunni Muslims[d] | 31 | 0.01 | 28,696 | 2.52 | 28,727 | 2.08 |
Shia Muslims[e] | 3,232 | 1.34 | 2,925 | 0.26 | 6,157 | 0.45 |
Jews | 2,769 | 1.15 | 3,091 | 0.27 | 5,860 | 0.43 |
Georgians | 1,287 | 0.53 | 2,674 | 0.24 | 3,961 | 0.29 |
Roma | 102 | 0.04 | 1,784 | 0.16 | 1,886 | 0.14 |
Asiatic Christians | 0 | 0.00 | 358 | 0.03 | 358 | 0.03 |
TOTAL | 241,142 | 100.00 | 1,136,781 | 100.00 | 1,377,923 | 100.00 |
Notes
- ^
- ^ Later known as Azerbaijani.
- ^ The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.
- ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[4]
- ^ Primarily Tatars,[4] later known as Azerbaijanis.[5]
References
- ^ a b Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 226–237. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
- ^ Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.
Bibliography
- Bournoutian, George (2015). "Demographic Changes in the Southwest Caucasus, 1604–1830: The Case of Historical Eastern Armenia". Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics. 3 (2). Amsterdam.
- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01805-2.