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ಜಯ ಭಾರತ ಜನನಿಯ ತನುಜಾತೆ

In India, Mangaluru Samachara was the first Kannada news publication as early as 1843 by German missionary Hermann Mögling.

Kannada Journalism

List of Newspapers

Vijaya Karnataka

Prajavani

Samyuktha Karnataka

Kannadaprabha

Udayavani

Contemporary Popular Kannadigas

Spiritual Leaders

Some of the greatest serving spiritual leaders include

Gandhian Philosophers

H. Narasimhaiah - Unparalleled Rationalist.
Kollur Mallappa
B D Jatti
Mailar Mahadevappa of Motebennur
Gudleppa Hallikeri of Haveri

Modern Science and Technology

Some of the distinguished scientists are

Raja Ramanna - Indian Nuclear Scientist and father of the Indian Nuclear Bomb.
Dr. M.C. Modi - One of the greatest Ophthalmologist of the world and an unparalleled Humanist.
C. N. R. Rao - One of the foremost Solid state scientists of world. Also Chairman of Science Advisory Council of GOI. More prominently leading example of one who studied in Kannada Medium and reached such heights.
Narayan Hosmane - Biochemistry & Cancer Research.
Roddam Narasimha^[12] - Senior Scientist IISc, Chairman JNCASR.
S. K. Shivkumar - Scientist, ISRO Telemetry (ISRO), associated with Chandrayaan-1
C.R. Rao - Statistics, Mathematician.
Shrinivas Kulkarni - Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Science at Caltech, United States of America.

Environmentalists

Karnataka is one of the few states which even being leading contributor for GDP of the country^[13] and home for industries, has preserved its forests and wildlife. The evergreen Sahyadri and Western Ghats are home to protected Wildlife of Karnataka. The Kannadiga culture protects and balances Kaadu and Naadu as can be seen. Although seen scantly still the state enjoys the diversity owing to tribal sects of Soliga, Badaga, Jenu Kuruba, Hakki Pikki, Lambani and other inhabitants of forests. also see Appiko Chaluvali

Some noted environmentalists include

Ullas Karanth (tiger research biologists/Zoologist)
Sanjay Gubbi
Nerain Jain
D.V Girish
Chinnappa
Saalumarada Thimmakka
Suresh Heblikar
Poornachandra Tejaswi (Ornithologist/Litterateur)
Snake Shyam

Cricketers

The Kannadiga Culture

Punya Koti

One of the most prominently popular and acknowledged Jaanapada song is Dharani mandala madhyadolage which narrates an incidence between mother cow and an aggressive tiger in a country called Karnata

Vishwa Maanava

Karnataka as now can be viewed as a multi cultural state with almost all the religions that can be found in India can be found here and there has been lot emigration as well due to which multi-ethnic diaspora can be seen . As the Kingdoms provided a safe centres for development of all cultures we can see a huge diversities from region to region. Even the language and dialects varies from place to place. The language has evolved distinctly in both the backyard(folk/basic/prakrutha) and frontyard (refined and related to Samskrutha/Sankrit) of the culture.^{[citation needed]} It can be said that the major works of Sanskrit have originated and continues to evolve here.^{[citation needed]} Shringeri, Udupi are some of nerve centres. One of the leading examples include a village near Shivamogga where people speak only Sanskrit till date. Bengaluru has almost all language speakers of India.

One of the most acknowledged concept is to be a Vishwa Maanava or universal being. In Kuvempu's ideology this has a renowned explanation Every Child is born as a Vishwa Maanava or a Universal Human . It is the we who make him Alpa Maanava or Little Human by putting various constrictions of borders rituals and castes. It hence becomes responsibility of our culture to again make him a Universal Being unbound and free. The Kannadiga culture is known to provide shelter and self respect to people by owning them and their culture.^{[citation needed]} Two Tibetan colonies for refugees from Tibet are formed, one near Mundgod and one near Kushalanagara for protecting them from Chinese atrocities. Karnataka has also sheltered flood victims of North Eastern India like Assam and provided them jobs. One of the easily seen diversity is the surnames which vary from hugely like some may involve names involving a Hindu and Muslim name or having a Hindu Christian name (more found in Mangalore) or even a Muslim Christian name. Hindu is normally considered a misnomer for Sanathana.

Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra are the only two states which have diversity of including both Malenadu Nithyaharidwarna -evergreen ghats and Bayaluseeme which have different ways of living in the same state.^{[citation needed]} Southern Karnataka is referred to as Gandhada Gudi - temple of sandalwood found in its protected forests.^{[citation needed]}

Political sphere

After the Odeyar era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as 19th century, the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a bicameral legislature. But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state. North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams. So there were two different spheres. Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party/media from arising in the land. Kerala being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has also a backing here and a few naxalite outfits do function in Karnataka. The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India^[14] due to political and bureaucratic lobby due to which Lokayukta (see N. Venkatachala) was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful. In the field of press and journalism P. Lankesh and S. Gurumurthy^[15] are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations.

The Dravidian leader and social reformer Periyar,was a descendant of migrant commanders from the Mysore region. Periyar E. V. Ramasamy single handedly changed the essence of Tamil Nadu and Indian politics to a very great extent.The present Tamil Nadu politics has descended from Periyar and his movement.^{[citation needed]} In one of his speeches,he is quoted as saying "Many people say I am not a Tamilian myself. They are saying this because my mother tongue is Kannada. Many think that I am a Telugu Naidu. I am a Kannadiga of the Balijawar caste."^[16]

M. P. Veerendra Kumar, a similar Kannadiga in Kerala is a multi faceted personality having a prominent hand in making Mathrubhumi a leading Malayalam journal, besides being an active politician and a noted new genre Malayalam Litterateur.

Horanadu Kannadiga

The failure in political arena has also reflected in the cultural isolation of emigrants. Some of the unsuccessfully functional bodies include Dehali Kannadiga and AKKA (American Kannada Koota Association) who try being culturally involved.

Kannada Kannadiga Karnataka

During the period of British rule, state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the princely state of Mysore, Nizam's Hyderabad, the Bombay Presidency, the Madras Presidency and the territory of Kodagu being the most important ones. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is now Karnataka fell outside the rule of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore. In addition the proposed state had 6 neighbours Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala

The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Committee brought unbounded joy to the entire Kannadiga population that now was merged under the state of Mysore. Along with all the joy, came the acute disappointment at the non inclusion of certain parts in the Mysore state. The biggest disappointment lay in the non inclusion of Kasargod in the newly formed state. The irony also lay in the fact that Kasargod was one of the bastions from which the Ekikarana movement had launched its agitation. This is an issue that continues to rankle those who fought for the unification of Karnataka. Some like literary giant and nonagenarian Kayyara Kiyyanna Rai who was part of the movement since its earliest days still continues to fight for Kasargod's merger with Karnataka albeit peacefully. Belgaum border dispute is another controversial issue which has led to huge turmoil in border of Karnataka and Maharashtra. On 1 November 1973, under Devaraj Urs as Chief Minister, Mysore state was renamed as Karnataka since it was felt that Karnataka was more 'inclusive' of all the other regions of Karnataka than the name Mysore.

Some of the active Kannada pro organisations include

Some of the contemporary issues for which every Kanndiga is fighting today are Nanjundappa- (Chairman of Committee for Redressal of Regional imbalances) Report^[17] is still pendinmahishi-report/report Sarojini Mahishi]^{[dead link]}</ref> which mandated jobs for Kannadigas in centre was not important for the centre. The much disputed Kaveri River water sharing issue Kaveri River Water Dispute is a grave injustice done from even the Supreme Court which asked to release water from IO report( highly unscientific asking water for 10 years^[18] when people are getting scant water in upper riparian state- rightfully thrashed down by Karnataka). Also the Union Government adopted delaying tactics in according the similar classical status to Kannada due to DMK lobby against it. A Tamil scientist also awarded doctorate by Karnataka Open University, Kulandaiswamy known in Tamil Nadu has vowed to make Tamil at the top of every hierarchy engrossing all languages under Dravidian and naming them to have descended from Tamil.^[19] shows the hold Tamils have in all the walks of Indian democracy. Due to this backstabbing hostility the old Mysuru region (which borders hostile?? state in a way betrayed by rule of Odeyars by signing treaties and retaining them giving Tamil lobby an upper hand) is the most victimised and has become the most backward in the state( the Chamarajnagar and Gundlupet region)^[20] which once held the crown of being princely state due to the backwardness in agriculture and irrigation.

Kannada ethnic flag

The Kannada ethnic flag is a banner with two horizontal stripes, yellow on top and red on the bottom.^[21] The flag although neither officially declared nor represents any legendary empire but something which is accepted in recent times unofficially representing a symbol of welfare as turmeric (ಅರಿಶಿಣ) and kumkum (ಕುಂಕುಮ).

Footnotes

^ Kamath (2001), p84, p90
^ Moraes (1931), p4
^ Purava HaleGannada or Pre-old Kannada was the language of Banavasi in the early Christian era, the Satavahana and Kadamba eras (Wilks in Rice, B.L. (1897), p490
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Narasimhacharya (1988), p68
^ ^a ^b Cousens (1996), p15
^ Mahalingam in Adiga (2006), p130
^ Adiga (2006), p134
^ Their territory included modern Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bellary and Bangalore districts - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163
^ Adiga (2006), p142
^ They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool, Cuddappah in the 10th century. There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163
^ Also known as the Kempegowda family, builders of modern Bangalore-Kamath (2001), p240-241
^ Science centres planned at taluk and district levels
^ GDP contribution
^ Bureaucratic Corruption
^ S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express^{[dead link]}
^ Periyar E.V.R's speeches, Dravidar Kazhakam publication, 1990, Chennai
^ Nanjundappa Report
^ Kaveri Dispute
^ Tamil Hosility
^ Backwardness
^ Kannada ethnic flag:

References

John Keay, History of India, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0
Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
Dr. Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003, Penguin, New Delhi, ISBN 0-14-302989-4
Altekar, Anant Sadashiv (1934), The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during c. 750 AD to c. 1000 AD, Oriental Book Agency, Poona, OCLC 3793499
K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002), ISBN 0-19-560686-8
R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1988 ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400-1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, ISBN 81 250 2912 5
George M. Moraes (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 ISBN 81-206-0595-0
Rice, B.L. [1897] (2001). Mysore Gazatteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0977-8.
Chopra P.N., Ravindran T.K., Subrahmanian N. (2003), History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Chand publications, New Delhi ISBN 81-219-0153-7
Cousens, Henry, (1926), The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Distrcits, Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi, OCLC 37526233

[poet-1] Kamath (2001), p84, p90

[chutu-2] Moraes (1931), p4

[chutu1-3] Purava HaleGannada or Pre-old Kannada was the language of Banavasi in the early Christian era, the Satavahana and Kadamba eras (Wilks in Rice, B.L. (1897), p490

[tuluva-4] Narasimhacharya (1988), p68

[gut-5] Cousens (1996), p15

[bana-6] Mahalingam in Adiga (2006), p130

[<-7] Adiga (2006), p134

[nol1-8] Their territory included modern Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bellary and Bangalore districts - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163

[vai-9] Adiga (2006), p142

[vai1-10] They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool, Cuddappah in the 10th century. There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163

[nad-11] Also known as the Kempegowda family, builders of modern Bangalore-Kamath (2001), p240-241

[Science_centres_planned_at_taluk_and_district_levels-12] Science centres planned at taluk and district levels

[GDP_contribution-13] GDP contribution

[14] Bureaucratic Corruption

[15] S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express^{[dead link]}

[16] Periyar E.V.R's speeches, Dravidar Kazhakam publication, 1990, Chennai

[Nanjundappa_Report-17] Nanjundappa Report

[Kaveri_Dipsute-18] Kaveri Dispute

[Tamil_Hostility-19] Tamil Hosility

[20] Backwardness

[21] Kannada ethnic flag:

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 {{Infobox Ethnic group
 |group = ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ (''Kannadiga'') <br/> ಕನ್ನಡತಿ (''Kannadati'')
-|image =[[Image:Basava statue crop.png|75px]][[Image:Vijayanagara.jpg|75px]][[Image:Purandara.jpg|75px]]<br/>[[Image:India-eam-krishna.jpg|75px]][[Image:Narayana Murthy, Chairman, Infosys, at the Horasis Global China Business Meeting 2006.jpg|75px]]<br />[[Image:Anil Kumble.jpg|75px]]
+|image =[[Image:Basava statue crop.png|75px]][[Image:Vijayanagara.jpg|75px]][[Image:Purandara.jpg|75px]]<br/>
+|poptime = 38 million native (2001 census, only India)<ref name=census>[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001
-|caption = |caption = [[Basava]]{{•}}[[Krishnadevaraya]]{{•}}[[Purandara Dasa]] <br /> [[Kuvempu]]{{•}}[[S. M. Krishna]] <br /> [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]]{{•}}[[Bhimsen Joshi]] <br /> [[Anil Kumble]]{{•}}[[Rajkumar]]
-|poptime = 38 million native (2001 census, only India)<ref name=census>[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm Census 2001: Talen per staat]</ref>
-|region1 = {{flagcountry|India}}
-|pop1= 38 million
-|region2= {{flagcountry|USA}}
-|region3= {{flagcountry|UK}}
-|region4= {{flagcountry|Canada}}
-|region5= {{flagcountry|Australia}}
-|region6= {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
-<!--|langs = [[Kannada language|Kannada]] (ಕನ್ನಡ)
 |rels = [[Image:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]]-->
 }}
-'''Kannadiga''' ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ |[[Grammatical gender|masculine<nowiki>|</nowiki>]]), or '''Kannadati''' ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ |[[Grammatical gender|feminine<nowiki>|</nowiki>]]) is a reference to the people who natively speak the [[Kannada language]]. Kannadigas are mainly located in the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]] and in the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]]. The plural form 'Kannadigas', used frequently, is an English plural.
+'''Kannadiga''' ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ |[[Grammatical gender|masculine<nowiki>|</nowiki>]]), or '''Kannadati''' ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ |[[Grammatical gender|feminine<nowiki>|</nowiki>]]) is a reference to the people who natively speak the [[Kannada language]]. Kannadigas are  located in the state of [[Karnataka]].
 Kannadigas are people who speak [[Kannada]], its variants or its various dialects as their mother tongue. The variations of dialects are several. Janapadas of [[Soliga]], [[Badaga]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=June 2011}} and other tribes of Karnataka having rich contribution to Kannada literature have their own style.
-Various districts of Kannada have mixed variations of dialects like [[Dharwad|Dharwad Kannada]], [[Bangalore Kannada]], [[Sankethi language|Sankethi]], [[Naddvara Kannada]], [[Havigannada]], [[Are Bhashe]], [[Mysore|Mysooru Kannada]], [[Kundapura|Kundagannada]] etc. Many Kannadigas have emigrated to countries like [[United States of America]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]].
+Various districts of Kannada have mixed variations of dialects like [[Dharwad|Dharwad Kannada]], [[Bangalore Kannada]], [[Sankethi language|Sankethi]], [[Naddvara Kannada]], [[Havigannada]], [[Are Bhashe]], [[Mysore|Mysooru Kannada]], [[Kundapura|Kundagannada]] etc.
 ==Early Settlements==
@@ Line 48: / Line 39: @@
 * [[Alupas|Alupas of Canara]] - [[Udupi]] - Aluvarasa II
-Minor dynasties that have played an important role in the development of Kannada language, culture and polity were, [[Chutu]]s of Banavasi (feudatory to [[Satavahana|Satavahana Empire]]),<ref name="chutu">Moraes (1931), p4</ref><ref name="chutu1">Purava HaleGannada or Pre-old Kannada was the language of Banavasi in the early Christian era, the Satavahana and Kadamba eras (Wilks in Rice, B.L. (1897), p490</ref> [[Tuluva Dynasty]] of Canara,<ref name="tuluva">Narasimhacharya (1988), p68</ref> Rattas of Saundatti (Belgaum),<ref name="tuluva"/> Guttas of Guttal (Dharwad region),<ref name="gut">Cousens (1996), p15</ref> [[Bana Kingdom|Banas]] of Kolar,<ref name="bana">Mahalingam in Adiga (2006), p130</ref> [[Nolambas]] of Nolambavadi,<ref name=<>Adiga (2006), p134</ref><ref name="nol1">Their territory included modern Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bellary and Bangalore districts - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163</ref> Vaidumbas,<ref name="vai">Adiga (2006), p142</ref><ref name="vai1">They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool, Cuddappah in the 10th century. There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163</ref> Chengalvas,<ref name="tuluva"/> Kongalvas,<ref name="tuluva"/> Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda (Banavasi province), Yalahanka Nadaprabhu,<ref name="nad">Also known as the Kempegowda family, builders of modern Bangalore-Kamath (2001), p240-241</ref> Sindas of Yelburga (Bijapur-Gulbarga),<ref name="gut"/> Kadambas of [[Hangal]].<ref name="han">Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas exist, one with the Kannada inscription ''Saarvadhari'' and other with ''Nakara''. They are preserved in the Royal Asiatic Society and Indian Historical Research Institute, Mumbai - Moraes (1931), p385</ref>
+Minor dynasties that have played an important role in the development of Kannada language, culture and polity were, [[Chutu]]s of Banavasi (feudatory to [[Satavahana|Satavahana Empire]]),<ref name="chutu">Moraes (1931), p4</ref><ref name="chutu1">Purava HaleGannada or Pre-old Kannada was the language of Banavasi in the early Christian era, the Satavahana and Kadamba eras (Wilks in Rice, B.L. (1897), p490</ref> [[Tuluva Dynasty]] of Canara,<ref name="tuluva">Narasimhacharya (1988), p68</ref> Rattas of Saundatti (Belgaum),<ref name="tuluva"/> Guttas of Guttal (Dharwad region),<ref name="gut">Cousens (1996), p15</ref> [[Bana Kingdom|Banas]] of Kolar,<ref name="bana">Mahalingam in Adiga (2006), p130</ref> [[Nolambas]] of Nolambavadi,<ref name=<>Adiga (2006), p134</ref><ref name="nol1">Their territory included modern Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bellary and Bangalore districts - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163</ref> Vaidumbas,<ref name="vai">Adiga (2006), p142</ref><ref name="vai1">They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool, Cuddappah in the 10th century. There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada - Chopra et al. (2003), part1, p163</ref> Chengalvas,<ref name="tuluva"/> Kongalvas,<ref name="tuluva"/> Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda (Banavasi province), Yalahanka Nadaprabhu,<ref name="nad">Also known as the Kempegowda family, builders of modern Bangalore-Kamath (2001), p240-241</ref> Sindas of Yelburga (Bijapur-Gulbarga),<ref name="gut"/> Kadambas of [[Hangal]].<ref name="han">Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas exist, one with the Kannada inscription ''Saarvadhari'' and other with ''Nakara''.
 In addition, other well known kingdoms that patronized Kannadiga poets and Kannada language were,
@@ Line 55: / Line 46: @@
 * [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri]]<ref name="seuna">Kamath (2001), p143-144</ref>
 * [[Shilahara]]<ref name="tuluva"/>
-* Kadambas of Goa<ref name="goa">The coins of the Kadambas of Goa are unique in that they have alternate inscription of the king's name in Kannada and Devanagari in triplicate. This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada - Moraes (1931), p384</ref>
-==Immigrants from Karnataka==
-In addition to those empires that ruled from the Karnataka region, based on inscriptions and literary evidence historians have discussed the possibility that kingdoms of Kannada origin were established in other parts of India as well. The Karnatak Kshatriyas of [[Bihar]],<ref name="mit">Thapar (2003), p433</ref><ref name="viceroy10">Kamath (2001), p8</ref> the Chalukyas of Gujarat,<ref name="cha_guj">Altekar in Kamath (2001), p73</ref><ref name="berar1">Altekar 1934, p21–22</ref> the Chalukyas of Vengi ([[Eastern Chalukya]]),<ref name="cha_guj"/><ref name="viceroy">Keay (2000), p170</ref><ref name="vice1">The Eastern Chalukyas were originally of Kannada stock who later encouraged Telugu—{{cite web|title=APOnline-History of Andhra Pradesh-ancient period-Eastern Chalukyas|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_ancient.html#ChalukyasPart|author=Dr. K.S.S. Seshan, University of Hyderabad|publisher=Tata Consultancy Services|work=Revenue Department (Gazetteers), Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=2006-11-12}}</ref> the [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri]],<ref name="dev">Shrinivas Ritti and A.V. Narasimha Murthy in Kamath 2001, p137</ref><ref name="dev1">Seuna coins carry Kannada legends from the beginning of their rule (O.P. Varma in Kamath 2001, p137)</ref><ref name="dev3">{{cite book
-|last = Masica
 |first = Colin P.
 |title = The Indo-Aryan Languages
@@ Line 68: / Line 55: @@
 |chapter = Subsequent Spread of Indo-Aryan
 |chapterurl = http://www.books.google.com/books?visbn=0521299446&id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=RA1-PA45&lpg=RA1-PA45&ots=U0gTw3t3Ke&dq=yadavas+kannada&sig=1XTDt5DPA9UDr0cgmDK7Z4WmSLg
-}}</ref><ref name="dev4">Majority of the Seuna inscriptions are in Kannada and during the formation of the kingdom, the Nasik-Ahamadnagar region (Seuna Desa) was a Kannada territory (Kamath 2001, p137)</ref> the Rashtrakuta family ruling from [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]] (modern [[Amravati district]], [[Maharashtra]]),<ref name="berar">A Kannada dynasty may have been created in Berar under the rule of Badami Chalukyas (Altekar 1934, p21–22)</ref> and the Rashtrakutas branch of Gujarat (Lata branch),<ref name="sign">The Gujarat Rashtrakutas signed even their Sanskrit records in
+}}</ref><ref name="dev4">Majority of the Seuna inscriptions are in Kannada and during the formation of the kingdom, the Nasik-
-Kannada because that was the language of the place of their origin (D.R. Bhandarkar in Kamath 2001, p73)</ref><ref name="sign1">The Gujarat Rashtrakutas would not have
-signed their inscriptions in Kannada language in far away Gujarat unless they were Kannadigas (Altekar 1934, pp21–22 )</ref> are some possible examples.
 ==Kannada Art==
 {{Main|Folk arts of Karnataka|Art and culture of Karnataka}}
@@ Line 197: / Line 181: @@
 ===Festivals===
-There is no limit for festivals to celebrate. They occur throughout the year presenting the diverse culture and belief of the ethnicity. Festivals have varied reasons to celebrate.
+Kannadigas are known for a limited number of festivals,and do not celebrate majority of the festivals celebrated by other parts of [[India]] Festivals have varied reasons to celebrate.
 * Agriculture : Upon Onset of Monsoon or Sowing or Harvest there are festivals celebrated like [[Ugadi|Chaandramana Ugaadi]](marking new year), [[Makara Sankranthi]] and [[Huttari]].
 * Monsoon : [[Mysore Dasara|Dasara]]/[[Navarathri]], [[Ayudha Puja]]
-* Puraana : [[Maha Shivaratri|Maha Shivarathri]], Varamahalakshmi Vratha, Bheemana Amavasye, Swarna Gowri Vratha, Ganesha Chaturthi, Naagara Panchami, Ratha Sapthami, Krishna Janmashtami, Rama Navami, Vijaya Dashami, Vaikunta Ekadashi, Naraka Chaturdashi, Bali Padyami and the list goes on and on.
+* Puraana : [[Maha Shivaratri|Maha Shivarathri]], Varamahalakshmi Vratha, Bheemana Amavasye, Swarna Gowri Vratha, Ganesha Chaturthi, Naagara Panchami, Ratha Sapthami,  Rama Navami, Vijaya Dashami, Vaikunta Ekadashi, Naraka Chaturdashi, Bali Padyami and the list goes on and on.
 In countryside there will be convenient dana (cattlehood - the most sacred friend of agriculturists) gala jaatre with conglomeration of people with a local demigod worshipped and a ratha or theru moved by the Bhakthas and arranged Daasoha.
-North Karnataka has a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim brotherhood with people celebrating festivals in unison and exchanging goodwills thanks to great revolutionary Guru Govinda Bhatta and Shishunala Shareefa who had displayed their religious tolerance and spiritual unity of all religions.
+North Karnataka has a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim brotherhood with people celebrating festivals in unison and exchanging goodwills thanks to great revolutionary Guru Govinda Bhatta and Shishunala Shareefa who had displayed their religious tolerance and spiritual unity of all religions.This region marked by a large number of Non-kannadigas is a great place to stay,with friendly people.
 [[Christmas]] is celebrated at large in Bengalooru and Mangalooru which host some of the oldest churches and educational institutions of the country.
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 ==Cuisine==
 {{Main|Cuisine of Karnataka}}
-The Cuisine of Karnataka includes many [[vegetarian]] and non-vegetarian cuisines. The varieties reflect influences from the food habits of many regions and communities from the three neighbouring [[South Indian]] states, as well as the state of [[Maharashtra]] to its north. Some typical dishes include [[Bisi bele huLianna]], [[Jolada rotti]], [[Chapati]], [[Ragi rotti]], [[Akki rotti]], Saaru, Huli,HurNagadab,HurnahoLige,Karadanta,SHenga hoLigi,Sajka,SHaoongi payasa, Shaoongi Uppita,Paddu, bana (Coocked rice soaked in fresh curd with garlci slices and SHenga Indi), badnirasa anna, Chitranna, Upputu,menthe mutugi,Chakoli,  SHira, [[Davanagere Benne Dosa]], [[Ragi mudde]], and [[Upma|Uppittu]]. The famous Masala Dosa traces its origin to [[Udupi cuisine]]. Plain and Rave [[Idli]], [[Mysore]][[Masala Dosa]] and [[Maddur vada|Maddur Vade]] are popular in South Karnataka. [[Coorg district]] is famous for spicy varieties of pork curries while coastal [[Karnataka]] boasts of many tasty seafood specialities. Among sweets, [[Mysore Pak]], [[Dharwad pedha]], [[Chiroti]], Belagavi Kunda are well known.
+The Cuisine of Karnataka includes many [[vegetarian]] and non-vegetarian cuisines. The varieties reflect influences from the food habits of many regions and communities from the three neighbouring [[South Indian]] states, as well as the state of [[Maharashtra]] to its north. Some typical dishes include [[Bisi bele huLianna]], [[Jolada rotti]], [[Chapati]], [[Ragi rotti]], [[Akki rotti]], Saaru, Huli,HurNagadab,HurnahoLige,Karadanta,SHenga hoLigi,Sajka,SHaoongi payasa, Shaoongi Uppita,Paddu, bana (Coocked rice soaked in fresh curd with garlci slices and SHenga Indi), badnirasa anna, Chitranna, Upputu,menthe mutugi,Chakoli,  SHira, [[Davanagere Benne Dosa]], [[Ragi mudde]], and. The famous Masala Dosa traces its origin to [[Udupi cuisine]]. Plain and Rave [[Idli]], [[Mysore]][[Masala Dosa]] and [[Maddur vada|Maddur Vade]] are popular in South Karnataka. [[Coorg district]] is famous for spicy varieties of pork curries while coastal [[Karnataka]] boasts of many tasty seafood specialities. Among sweets are  [[Mysore Pak]], [[Dharwad pedha]]and[[Chiroti]].
 Indi's (Chatni's ) of Karnataka have a very distinct taste and falovour and to be found only in Karnataka and Kanndaigas food style
 Some famous Indi's include SHenga indi, agaSHi indi, karaL indi, iNichi Indi, mavina Indi
-Similarly karnataka uppinakai (pickles) too are very distinct from the rest like mavina kotthu(fine mangeo pickels),nimbikai upinkai (lemon pickle),rasa nimibikai uppinakai(juicy lemon pickle), tenga mavina uppinikai(Entire mango pickle),gajri uppinkai(Carrot pickle),menSHikai uppinkai(Chilli pickle)
+Similarly karnataka uppinakai (pickles) too are very distinct from the rest  and are not so good compared to rest parts of country.Examples include, mavina kotthu(fine mangeo pickels),nimbikai upinkai (lemon pickle),rasa nimibikai uppinakai(juicy lemon pickle), tenga mavina uppinikai(Entire mango pickle),gajri uppinkai(Carrot pickle),menSHikai uppinkai(Chilli pickle)
 Kadabu, (kind of rice dumplings) is a popular and ethnic food in South Malnad such as Sakaleshpura, Mudigere, Somwarapete,which is consumed along with huchellu (black sesame) chutney. Even kadabu different varieties in terms size and ingredients. Starting from a tennis ball size, it is cooked to the size of a ping pong ball. However smallest off all kalu(bean) kadabu which is prepared by pounding raw rice into powder and steamed to make it enough stickier to make little dumplings to the size of a bean (avare kalu). Which is then along with beans given masalae (spicy mixture hot oil, onions, garlic, coconut, jeera, red chillies and lime jusice, salt). This overall procedure will consume a days time so the maneodathi (home maker) starts pounding the rice with the help of a housemaid a day earlier, to prepare this mouthwatering dish which is consumed with hot ghee. And which gets a thumbs-up by all of the housemates by making her happier.
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 Male costumes mainly include [[Dhoti|Panchey]] (often tied as Kachche) or [[Lungi]](wearing/wrapping of which depends on the region) and a shirt. Many use [[Khadi]] in their clothing till date of which politicians are prominent ones.
-After the era of Kingdoms the crowns available mainly were [[Mysuru Peta]] and [[Dharwad Peta]]. Shawls are also commonplace worn in cooler seasons. [[Shalya]] is a piece of long cloth which is put on shoulder commonly seen in countryside. Karnataka also has the only village in India which produces authentic national flags .
+After the era of Kingdoms the crowns available mainly were [[Mysuru Peta]] and [[Dharwad Peta]]. Shawls are also commonplace worn in cooler seasons. [[Shalya]] is a piece of long cloth which is put on shoulder commonly seen in countryside.
-Female costumes mainly include [[Sari|Seerey]] of which [[Ilkal sari|Ilakal Seerey]] and [[Culture of Mysore#Mysore silk saree|Mysore Silk]](Government owned) are famous. Even it has different variations of draping depending on regions like Kodagu, North and South Karnataka and [[Karavali]]. [[Langa oni|Davani]] with a pony tail is normally followed by youth. Gold is the most popular metal for use in jewellery.
+Female costumes mainly include [[Sari|Seerey]] of which  [[Culture of Mysore#Mysore silk saree|Mysore Silk]](Government owned) are famous. Even it has different variations of draping depending on regions like Kodagu, North and South Karnataka and [[Karavali]]. [[Langa oni|Davani]] with a pony tail is normally followed by youth. Gold is the most popular metal for use in jewellery.
 Urban male costumes comprises a trouser, shirt and sandals while that of females include churi dhar and moderate heeled sandals. Jeans are popular among the youths, while new age Khadi/silk printed with art or emblem also find place. Hippie kind of hairstyle, long curly hairs are also seen.
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 ==The Kannadiga Culture==
-===Purana===
-The Puranas describe the region as Kishkindha in the ages of Ramayana. There are also literary evidences for the region of Mysore called as Mahisha Mandala after demon named Mahishasura. Parashurama and Hanumantha are some epic characters to be cited relating to place.
 ===Punya Koti===
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 One of the most acknowledged concept is to be a ''Vishwa Maanava'' or universal being. In Kuvempu's ideology this has a renowned explanation ''Every Child is born as a Vishwa Maanava or a Universal Human . It is the we who make him Alpa Maanava or Little Human by putting various constrictions of borders rituals and castes. It hence becomes responsibility of our culture to again make him a Universal Being unbound and free''. The Kannadiga culture is known to provide shelter and self respect to people by owning them and their culture.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} Two [[Tibet]]an colonies for refugees from Tibet are formed, one near [[Mundgod]] and one near [[Kushalanagara]] for protecting them from Chinese atrocities. Karnataka has also sheltered flood victims of North Eastern India like Assam and provided them jobs. One of the easily seen diversity is the surnames which vary from hugely like some may involve names involving a Hindu and Muslim name or having a Hindu Christian name (more found in Mangalore) or even a Muslim Christian name. Hindu is normally considered a misnomer for Sanathana.
-Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra are the only two states which have diversity of including both [[Malenadu]] Nithyaharidwarna -evergreen ghats and [[Bayaluseeme]] which have different ways of living in the same state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} Not only this but it acts as a gateway to North and [[South Indian culture]]s. It may come as a surprise that Karnataka is next only to [[Rajasthan]] in India when it comes to area under arid land but still Southern Karnataka is referred to as [[Karnataka|Gandhada Gudi]] - temple of sandalwood found in its protected forests.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}
+Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra are the only two states which have diversity of including both [[Malenadu]] Nithyaharidwarna -evergreen ghats and [[Bayaluseeme]] which have different ways of living in the same state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} Southern Karnataka is referred to as [[Karnataka|Gandhada Gudi]] - temple of sandalwood found in its protected forests.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}
 ===Political sphere===
-After the Odeyar era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as 19th century, the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a [[bicameral]] legislature. But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state. North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams. So there were two different spheres. Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party/media from arising in the land. [[Kerala]] being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has also a backing here and a few [[naxalite]] outfits do function in Karnataka. Also functional failure of all pillars of democracy even being upper riparian state can be clearly seen in the [[Kaveri River Water Dispute]] issue. The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/may/29kgovt1.htm ''Bureaucratic Corruption'']</ref> due to political and bureaucratic lobby due to which Lokayukta (see [[N. Venkatachala]]) was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful. In the field of press and journalism [[P. Lankesh]] and [[S. Gurumurthy]]<ref>[http://gurumurthy.net/index.php?value=interview ''S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express'']{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations.
+After the Odeyar era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as 19th century, the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a [[bicameral]] legislature. But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state. North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams. So there were two different spheres. Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party/media from arising in the land. [[Kerala]] being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has also a backing here and a few [[naxalite]] outfits do function in Karnataka. The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/may/29kgovt1.htm ''Bureaucratic Corruption'']</ref> due to political and bureaucratic lobby due to which Lokayukta (see [[N. Venkatachala]]) was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful. In the field of press and journalism [[P. Lankesh]] and [[S. Gurumurthy]]<ref>[http://gurumurthy.net/index.php?value=interview ''S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express'']{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations.
 The Dravidian leader and social reformer Periyar,was a descendant of migrant commanders from the Mysore region. [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] single handedly changed the essence of [[Tamil Nadu]] and Indian politics to a very great extent.The present Tamil Nadu politics has descended from Periyar and his movement.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} In one of his speeches,he is quoted as saying "Many people say I am not a Tamilian myself. They are saying this because my mother tongue is Kannada. Many think that I am a Telugu Naidu. I am a Kannadiga of the Balijawar caste."<ref>Periyar E.V.R's speeches, Dravidar Kazhakam publication, 1990, Chennai</ref>
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 {{Main|History of Karnataka}}
-During the period of [[British Raj|British rule]], state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the [[Kingdom of Mysore|princely state of Mysore]], [[Hyderabad state|Nizam's Hyderabad]], the [[Bombay Presidency]], the [[Madras Presidency]] and the territory of [[Kodagu]] being the most important ones. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is ''now'' Karnataka fell outside the rule of the [[Wodeyar|Wodeyar kings of Mysore]]. In addition the proposed state had 6 neighbours [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]], Andhra Pradesh, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]] and all had Kannadigas in them.
+During the period of [[British Raj|British rule]], state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the [[Kingdom of Mysore|princely state of Mysore]], [[Hyderabad state|Nizam's Hyderabad]], the [[Bombay Presidency]], the [[Madras Presidency]] and the territory of [[Kodagu]] being the most important ones. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is ''now'' Karnataka fell outside the rule of the [[Wodeyar|Wodeyar kings of Mysore]]. In addition the proposed state had 6 neighbours [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]], Andhra Pradesh, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]]
-What this meant for the Kannadigas in these regions was that they were reduced to linguistic minorities wherever they were. Kannadigas in the Hubli-Karnataka region for example, came under the rule of the Bombay Presidency where [[Marathi language|Marathi]] was the official language. Those in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region came under the Nizam's rule where [[Urdu]] ruled.
-It was in this backdrop that the movement that first started as a protest against linguistic oppression, soon morphed into one that began demanding a separate state be created consolidating all Kannada speaking regions. This was essentially a movement that was spearheaded by the poets, journalists and writers and was called the ''Ekikarana'' or 'Unification' movement.
-India gained independence in 1947. The joy of independence soon gave way to disappointment as the new government started dragging its feet on ''Karnataka Ekikarana'' movement. Kannada speaking areas now got grouped under five administrative units of the Bombay and Madras provinces, Kodagu, and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad. The ''Akhila Karnataka Ekikarana Parishat'' met in [[Kasaragod Town|Kasargod]] and reiterated the demand for a separate state for Kannadigas.
 The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the [[Fazal Ali Committee]] brought unbounded joy to the entire Kannadiga population that now was merged under the state of [[Mysore State|Mysore]]. Along with all the joy, came the acute disappointment at the non inclusion of certain parts in the Mysore state. The biggest disappointment lay in the non inclusion of [[Kasaragod Town|Kasargod]] in the newly formed state. The irony also lay in the fact that Kasargod was one of the bastions from which the ''Ekikarana movement'' had launched its agitation. This is an issue that continues to rankle those who fought for the unification of Karnataka. Some like literary giant and nonagenarian [[Kayyara Kiyyanna Rai]] who was part of the movement since its earliest days still continues to fight for Kasargod's merger with Karnataka albeit peacefully. [[Belgaum border dispute]] is another controversial issue which has led to huge turmoil in border of Karnataka and [[Maharashtra]].
 On 1 November 1973, under [[Devaraj Urs]] as Chief Minister, Mysore state was renamed as ''Karnataka'' since it was felt that Karnataka was more 'inclusive' of all the other regions of Karnataka than the name ''Mysore''.
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 Some of the contemporary issues for which every Kanndiga is fighting today are
-[[D. M. Nanjundappa|Nanjundappa]]- (Chairman of Committee for Redressal of Regional imbalances) Report<ref name="Nanjundappa Report">[http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2006/budsp06.htm ''Nanjundappa Report'']</ref> is still pending to be implemented. [[Sarojini Mahishi]] Report<ref name="Dr Sarojini Mahishi Report">[http://ellakavi.wordpress.com/tag/sarojini-mahishi-report/report ''Sarojini Mahishi'']{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> which mandated jobs for Kannadigas in centre was not important for the centre. The much disputed Kaveri River water sharing issue [[Kaveri River Water Dispute]] is a grave injustice done from even the Supreme Court which asked to release water from IO report( highly unscientific asking water for 10 years<ref name="Kaveri Dipsute">[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190170.htm ''Kaveri Dispute'']</ref> when people are getting scant water in upper riparian state- rightfully thrashed down by Karnataka). Also the Union Government adopted delaying tactics in according the similar classical status to Kannada due to DMK lobby against it. A Tamil scientist also awarded doctorate by Karnataka Open University, [[V C Kulandaiswamy|Kulandaiswamy]] known in Tamil Nadu has vowed to make Tamil at the top of every hierarchy engrossing all languages under Dravidian and naming them to have descended from Tamil.<ref name="Tamil Hostility">[http://www.starofmysore.com/searchinfo.asp?search1=17032&search2=newsheadlines ''Tamil Hosility'']</ref> shows the hold [[Tamil people|Tamils]] have in all the walks of Indian democracy. Due to this backstabbing hostility the old Mysuru region (which borders hostile?? state in a way betrayed by rule of Odeyars by signing treaties and retaining them giving Tamil lobby an upper hand) is the most victimised and has become the most backward in the state( the Chamarajnagar and Gundlupet region)<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/05/stories/2006090520750100.htm ''Backwardness'']</ref> which once held the crown of being princely state due to the backwardness in agriculture and irrigation.
+[[D. M. Nanjundappa|Nanjundappa]]- (Chairman of Committee for Redressal of Regional imbalances) Report<ref name="Nanjundappa Report">[http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2006/budsp06.htm ''Nanjundappa Report'']</ref> is still pendinmahishi-report/report ''Sarojini Mahishi'']{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> which mandated jobs for Kannadigas in centre was not important for the centre. The much disputed Kaveri River water sharing issue [[Kaveri River Water Dispute]] is a grave injustice done from even the Supreme Court which asked to release water from IO report( highly unscientific asking water for 10 years<ref name="Kaveri Dipsute">[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190170.htm ''Kaveri Dispute'']</ref> when people are getting scant water in upper riparian state- rightfully thrashed down by Karnataka). Also the Union Government adopted delaying tactics in according the similar classical status to Kannada due to DMK lobby against it. A Tamil scientist also awarded doctorate by Karnataka Open University, [[V C Kulandaiswamy|Kulandaiswamy]] known in Tamil Nadu has vowed to make Tamil at the top of every hierarchy engrossing all languages under Dravidian and naming them to have descended from Tamil.<ref name="Tamil Hostility">[http://www.starofmysore.com/searchinfo.asp?search1=17032&search2=newsheadlines ''Tamil Hosility'']</ref> shows the hold [[Tamil people|Tamils]] have in all the walks of Indian democracy. Due to this backstabbing hostility the old Mysuru region (which borders hostile?? state in a way betrayed by rule of Odeyars by signing treaties and retaining them giving Tamil lobby an upper hand) is the most victimised and has become the most backward in the state( the Chamarajnagar and Gundlupet region)<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/05/stories/2006090520750100.htm ''Backwardness'']</ref> which once held the crown of being princely state due to the backwardness in agriculture and irrigation.
 ==Kannada ethnic flag==