Union City, New Jersey: Difference between revisions
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|population_est = 68668 |
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|pop_est_as_of = 2014 |
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|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=PopEst>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US34.06100 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref> |
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|area_code = [[Area codes 201 and 551|201]]<ref>[http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=Union%20City&frmCounty=Hudson Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Union City, NJ], Area-Codes.com. Accessed September 14, 2014.</ref> |
|area_code = [[Area codes 201 and 551|201]]<ref>[http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=Union%20City&frmCounty=Hudson Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Union City, NJ], Area-Codes.com. Accessed September 14, 2014.</ref> |
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|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
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|blank_info = 3401774630<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR2">[http:// |
|blank_info = 3401774630<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR2">[http://factfinder.census.gov American FactFinder], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/commoncodes/ccc_nj.html A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey], Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed August 23, 2012.</ref> |
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|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
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|blank1_info = 0885424<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR3">[http://geonames.usgs.gov US Board on Geographic Names], [[United States Geological Survey]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref> |
|blank1_info = 0885424<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR3">[http://geonames.usgs.gov US Board on Geographic Names], [[United States Geological Survey]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref> |
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'''Union City''' is a [[City (New Jersey)|city]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]], United States. According to the [[2010 United States Census]] the city had a total population of 66,455,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=Districts2011/><ref name=LWD2010/> reflecting a decline of 633 (-0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]], which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the [[1990 United States Census|1990 Census]].<ref>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]], February 2011. Accessed November 12, 2012.</ref> As of the 2010 Census it was the [[List of United States cities by population density|most densely populated city in the United States]],{{Cref|a}} with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.<ref>De Avila, Joseph. [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904875404576532311550254784.html?mod=googlewsj "Tightly Packed Union City Welcomes More"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', August 27, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2012. "Union City is a tiny city measuring just over one square mile with about 66,000 residents, making it the most densely populated city in the country, according to the latest U.S. Census."</ref> |
'''Union City''' is a [[City (New Jersey)|city]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]], United States. According to the [[2010 United States Census]] the city had a total population of 66,455,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=Districts2011/><ref name=LWD2010/> reflecting a decline of 633 (-0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]], which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the [[1990 United States Census|1990 Census]].<ref>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]], February 2011. Accessed November 12, 2012.</ref> As of the 2010 Census it was the [[List of United States cities by population density|most densely populated city in the United States]],{{Cref|a}} with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.<ref>De Avila, Joseph. [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904875404576532311550254784.html?mod=googlewsj "Tightly Packed Union City Welcomes More"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', August 27, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2012. "Union City is a tiny city measuring just over one square mile with about 66,000 residents, making it the most densely populated city in the country, according to the latest U.S. Census."</ref> |
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Union City was incorporated as a city by an |
Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on June 1, 1925, with the merger of [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]] and [[West Hoboken, New Jersey|West Hoboken Township]].<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 148. Accessed January 24, 2012.</ref> The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=31 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''], New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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Two major waves of immigration, first of [[German language|German]] speakers and then of [[Spanish language|Spanish]] speakers, greatly influenced the development and character of Union City. Its two [[List of city nicknames in New Jersey|nicknames]], ''"Embroidery Capital of the United States"'' and ''"[[Havana on the Hudson]]"'', reflect important aspects of that history. Thousands make a pilgrimage to Union City each year to see the nation's longest-running [[passion play]] and the annual Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Early history and civic boundaries=== |
===Early history and civic boundaries=== |
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[[File:1.23.10UnionCityBorderByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|Sign marking Union City's southern border with [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]].]] |
[[File:1.23.10UnionCityBorderByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|Sign marking Union City's southern border with [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]].]] |
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The area of what is today Union City was originally inhabited by the [[Munsee language|Munsee-speaking]] branch of [[Lenape]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]],<ref name=AboutUCNJ>Karabin, Gerard. [http://www.ucnj.com/about_ucnj?lang=en "About UCNJ"], City of Union City. Accessed November 26, 2010.</ref><ref>Trigger, Bruce G. ''Delaware languages: Handbook of North American Indians'' Vol. 15: Northeast, page 215. [[Smithsonian Institution Press]], Washington D.C. 1978. ISBN 0-16-004575-4.</ref><ref>Day, Gordon M. "The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern Forests." ''Ecology, Vol''. 34, No. 2 (April): 329-346. New England and New York areas 1580–1800. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) tribe in New Jersey and the Massachuset tribe in Massachusetts used fire in ecosystems.1953</ref><ref>Russell, Emily W.B. "Vegetational Change in Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis." PhD dissertation. New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University. Author notes on page 8 that Indians often augmented lightning fires. 1979</ref><ref>Russell, Emily W.B. "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States." Ecology, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Feb): 78 88. 1983a Author found no strong evidence that Indians purposely burned large areas, but they did burn small areas near their habitation sites. Noted that the Lenna Lenape Tribe used fire.</ref><ref>''A Brief Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherlands with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There.'' New York, NY: William Gowans. 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, [[Columbia University Press]], New York. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) tribe in New Jersey used fire in ecosystems.</ref> who wandered into the vast woodland area encountered by [[Henry Hudson]] during the voyages he conducted from 1609 to 1610 for the [[Dutch people|Dutch]], who later claimed the area (which included the future [[New York City]]) and named it [[New Netherland]]. The portion of that land that included the future Hudson County was purchased from members of the [[Hackensack tribe]] of the Lenni-Lenape and became part of [[Pavonia, New Netherland]].<ref> |
The area of what is today Union City was originally inhabited by the [[Munsee language|Munsee-speaking]] branch of [[Lenape]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]],<ref name=AboutUCNJ>Karabin, Gerard. [http://www.ucnj.com/about_ucnj?lang=en "About UCNJ"], City of Union City. Accessed November 26, 2010.</ref><ref>Trigger, Bruce G. ''Delaware languages: Handbook of North American Indians'' Vol. 15: Northeast, page 215. [[Smithsonian Institution Press]], Washington D.C. 1978. ISBN 0-16-004575-4.</ref><ref>Day, Gordon M. "The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern Forests." ''Ecology, Vol''. 34, No. 2 (April): 329-346. New England and New York areas 1580–1800. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) tribe in New Jersey and the Massachuset tribe in Massachusetts used fire in ecosystems.1953</ref><ref>Russell, Emily W.B. "Vegetational Change in Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis." PhD dissertation. New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University. Author notes on page 8 that Indians often augmented lightning fires. 1979</ref><ref>Russell, Emily W.B. "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States." Ecology, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Feb): 78 88. 1983a Author found no strong evidence that Indians purposely burned large areas, but they did burn small areas near their habitation sites. Noted that the Lenna Lenape Tribe used fire.</ref><ref>''A Brief Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherlands with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There.'' New York, NY: William Gowans. 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, [[Columbia University Press]], New York. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) tribe in New Jersey used fire in ecosystems.</ref> who wandered into the vast woodland area encountered by [[Henry Hudson]] during the voyages he conducted from 1609 to 1610 for the [[Dutch people|Dutch]], who later claimed the area (which included the future [[New York City]]) and named it [[New Netherland]]. The portion of that land that included the future Hudson County was purchased from members of the [[Hackensack tribe]] of the Lenni-Lenape and became part of [[Pavonia, New Netherland]].<ref>Karnoutsos, Carmela. [http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/P_Pages/Pavonia.htm Pavonia, Lower Jersey City] [[New Jersey City University]]. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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The relationship between the early Dutch settlers and Native Americans was marked by frequent armed conflict over land claims. In 1658 by New Netherland colony Director-General [[Peter Stuyvesant]] re-purchased the territory.<ref>Robinson, Dr. Walter F. (1964). ''New Jersey Tercentenary: 1664–1964''. Hudson County Tercentenary Committee for this information, p. 190</ref><ref name=UCPictures>[[Fernandez, Lucio]]; Karabin, Gerard (2010). ''Union City in Pictures''. Book Press NY. pp. 11-13.</ref> The boundaries of the purchase are described in the deed preserved in the New York State Archives, as well as the medium of exchange: "80 fathoms of [[wampum]], 20 fathoms of cloth, 12 brass kettles, 6 guns, one double brass kettle, 2 blankets, and one half barrel of strong beer."<ref>''50th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town of West Hoboken, N.J.'' (1911). Datz Co.</ref> In 1660, he ordered the building of a fortified village at [[Bergen Square|Bergen]] to protect the area.<ref> |
The relationship between the early Dutch settlers and Native Americans was marked by frequent armed conflict over land claims. In 1658 by New Netherland colony Director-General [[Peter Stuyvesant]] re-purchased the territory.<ref>Robinson, Dr. Walter F. (1964). ''New Jersey Tercentenary: 1664–1964''. Hudson County Tercentenary Committee for this information, p. 190</ref><ref name=UCPictures>[[Fernandez, Lucio]]; Karabin, Gerard (2010). ''Union City in Pictures''. Book Press NY. pp. 11-13.</ref> The boundaries of the purchase are described in the deed preserved in the New York State Archives, as well as the medium of exchange: "80 fathoms of [[wampum]], 20 fathoms of cloth, 12 brass kettles, 6 guns, one double brass kettle, 2 blankets, and one half barrel of strong beer."<ref>''50th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town of West Hoboken, N.J.'' (1911). Datz Co.</ref> In 1660, he ordered the building of a fortified village at [[Bergen Square|Bergen]] to protect the area.<ref>Karnoutsos, Carmela. [http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/pages/D_Pages/Dutch_Settlement.htm 350th Anniversary of the Dutch Settlement of Bergen; Colonial Jersey City], [[New Jersey City University]]. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> It was the first permanent European settlement in New Jersey, located in what is now the [[Journal Square]] area of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] near Academy Street.<ref name=UCPictures/><ref name=350Years>Kaulessar, Ricardo. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/9736536/article-350-years-of-history-Fair-commemorates-founding-of-Jersey-City--will-honor-the-oldest-families-in-Hudson-County- "350 years of history; Fair commemorates founding of Jersey City, will honor the oldest families in Hudson County"]. ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', October 3, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015. "Before there was a Jersey City or a Hudson County, the village of Bergen – the first European settlement in New Jersey, founded in 1660 by Dutch settler Peter Stuyvesant – had its origins in what is now the Journal Square area of Jersey City near Academy Street."</ref> In 1664, the [[United Kingdom|British]] captured New Netherland from the Dutch, at which point the boundaries of Bergen Township encompassed what is now known as Hudson County. North of this was the unpopulated Bergen Woods, which would later be claimed by settlers, after whom a number of Union City streets today are named,<ref name=UCPictures/> including Sipp Street,<ref name=1957Map>''Bergen: Town and Township Nov 1660-Sept 22, 1668'', 1957 Genealogical Society of New Jersey</ref><ref name=Harvey>Harvey, Cornelius Burnham. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EdoMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20 ''Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey''], p. 20. The New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Company, 1900. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref name=Winfield>Winfield, Charles H. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5cA_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA525 ''History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey''], p. 525. Kennard & Hay Stationary, 1874. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> Brown Street,<ref name=Harvey/><ref name=1873Map>''Northern Part of the Town of Union'', 1873, Gleason's Old Maps, [[East Templeton, Massachusetts]]</ref> Golden Lane,<ref name=1873Map/> Tournade Street and Kerrigan Avenue,<ref name=BusinessDirectory>''Business Directory Of North Hudson'', North Hudson Hospital Association, Town of Union, N.J. 1905, p. 331</ref> which is named after J. Kerrigan, the owner of Kerrigan Farm, who donated the land for [[Saint Michael's Monastery]].<ref name=BusinessDirectory/><ref name=Calendar>Union City 2000 Calendar, 2000, culled from ''History of West Hoboken and Union Hill'' by Ella-Mary Ryman, 1965 and "The Historical Background of Union City" by Daniel A. Primont, William G. Fiedler and Fred Zuccaro, 1964</ref> |
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The area that would one day be Union City, however, remained sparsely populated until the early 19th century. The British granted Bergen a new town charter in 1668. In 1682 they created [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], which was named to honor their Dutch predecessors. That county comprised all of present day Hudson, Bergen and [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]] counties. Sparsely inhabited during the 17th and 18th centuries, the southeast section of Bergen County had grown by the early 19th century to the point where it was deemed necessary to designate it a separate county. The New Jersey legislature created Hudson County in 1840, and in 1843, it was divided into two townships: Old Bergen Township (which eventually became Jersey City) and [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen Township]], which was gradually separated into Hudson County's present day municipalities: [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] in 1849, [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] and [[Guttenberg, New Jersey|Guttenberg]] in 1859, and [[West Hoboken, New Jersey|West Hoboken]] and [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Township]].<ref name=Story/><ref name=UCPictures/> West Hoboken was incorporated as a [[township (New Jersey)|township]] by an Act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on February 28, 1861, from portions of North Bergen Township. The township was reincorporated on April 6, 1871, and again on March 27, 1874. Portions of the township were ceded to Weehawken in 1879.<ref name=Story |
The area that would one day be Union City, however, remained sparsely populated until the early 19th century. The British granted Bergen a new town charter in 1668. In 1682 they created [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], which was named to honor their Dutch predecessors. That county comprised all of present day Hudson, Bergen and [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]] counties. Sparsely inhabited during the 17th and 18th centuries, the southeast section of Bergen County had grown by the early 19th century to the point where it was deemed necessary to designate it a separate county. The New Jersey legislature created Hudson County in 1840, and in 1843, it was divided into two townships: Old Bergen Township (which eventually became Jersey City) and [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen Township]], which was gradually separated into Hudson County's present day municipalities: [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] in 1849, [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] and [[Guttenberg, New Jersey|Guttenberg]] in 1859, and [[West Hoboken, New Jersey|West Hoboken]] and [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Township]].<ref name=Story/><ref name=UCPictures/> West Hoboken was incorporated as a [[township (New Jersey)|township]] by an Act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on February 28, 1861, from portions of North Bergen Township. The township was reincorporated on April 6, 1871, and again on March 27, 1874. Portions of the township were ceded to Weehawken in 1879.<ref name=Story/> On June 28, 1884, West Hoboken was reincorporated as a [[town (New Jersey)|town]], based on an ordinance passed nine days earlier. The town was reincorporated on April 24, 1888, based on the results of a referendum passed 12 days earlier.<ref name=Story/> Union Township, or simply Union,<ref name=1873Map/><ref name=BusinessDirectory/><ref>''Rules and Regulations of the Police Department of the Town of Union, N.J.'' Adopted July 13, 1881. West Hoboken, A.E. Gregory, Printer, Palisade Avenue. 1881</ref> was formed through the merger of a number of villages, such as Dalleytown, Buck's Corners and Cox's Corners. The largest of these villages, Union Hill, became the colloquial name for the merged town of Union itself.<ref>Van Winkle, Daniel (1924). ''History of the Municipalities of Hudson County, NJ'' 1630–1923, Lewis Historical Publishing Company Inc. New York & Chicago. pp. 463-464</ref> The northern section of Union Township was later incorporated as [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]] in 1898.<ref name=UCPictures/> Union City was incorporated on June 1, 1925, by merging the two towns of West Hoboken and [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]].<ref name=Story/><ref>Karabin, Gerard. [http://www.ucnj.com/about_ucnj "Brief History of Union City"]. Union City, New Jersey. Accessed June 18, 2013. "Eighty-five years ago on June 1, 1925, the Town of Union (colloquially known as Union Hill) and the Township of West Hoboken joined together and became one, the city of Union City."</ref> The name of one of the city's schools, [[Union Hill Middle School]], recalls the former town.<ref>[http://uhmiddleunioncity.sharpschool.com/ Union Hill Middle School]. Accessed August 27, 2013.</ref> |
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===Immigration and industry=== |
===Immigration and industry=== |
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[[File:1.22.10UCParkTheaterEmbroideryByLuigiNovi16.jpg|thumb|left|Embroidery and lace exhibit at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center.]] |
[[File:1.22.10UCParkTheaterEmbroideryByLuigiNovi16.jpg|thumb|left|Embroidery and lace exhibit at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center.]] |
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In the 18th century, [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[British people|English]] merchants first settled the area. Later, [[German people|German]] immigrants immigrated from [[Manhattan]]. [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Armenians]], [[Syrian people|Syrians]], [[Eastern European Jews]] and [[Italians]] followed.<ref name=OtherCuban>Perez-Stable, Marifeli. [http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/other-views/story/1362889.html "That other Cuban community"] ''[[The Miami Herald]]'' December 3, 2009</ref> In 1851, [[Germans]] moved across the [[Hudson River]] from [[New York City]] in search of affordable land and open space. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] a military installation, Camp Yates, covered an area now bounded by [[Bergenline Avenue|Bergenline]] and Palisade Avenues from 22nd to [[Hackensack Plank Road|32nd Street]]. Germans began to settle what would become Union Hill in 1851,<ref name=UCPictures/> and some descendants of the immigrants of this period live in the city today.<ref name=350Years/> Although the area's diversity was represented by the more than 19 nationalities that made their home in the Dardanelles (a five-block area of Central Avenue from 23rd Street to 27th Street)<ref name=UCPictures/> from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, [[German American]]s and [[Dutch people|Dutch]] dominated the area. Along with [[Switzerland|Swiss]] and [[Austria]]n immigrants, they founded the European-style [[lace]] making industries for which they were famous. The introduction of [[Schiffli lace]] machines in Hudson County<ref>[http://www.schiffli.org/history.htm History] page, Schiffli Lace and Embroidery Manufacturers Association. Accessed February 18, 2011.</ref> made Union City the "embroidery capital of the United States". The trademark of that industry is on the Union City Seal,<ref name=Calendar/><ref name="Cunningham">{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=John|title=This is New Jersey|edition=4|year=2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press/Hudson River Museum|location=[[Yonkers, New York]]|isbn=0-8135-2141-6|chapter=|page=100}}</ref><ref name=PopikUnionCity>Popik, Barry (August 15, 2006). [http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/florida/entry/little_havana_miami_little_havana_on_the_hudson_union_city_new_jersey/ "Little Havana (Miami) & Little Havana on the Hudson (Union City, New Jersey)"]. BarryPopkik.com</ref> though foreign competition and austere prevailing fashions led to the decline of embroidery and other industries in the area by the late 1990s.<ref>Pristin, Terry. [http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/03/nyregion/in-new-jersey-a-delicate-industry-unravels.html "In New Jersey, a Delicate Industry Unravels"], ''The New York Times'', January 3, 1998. Accessed August 19, 2013.</ref> In May 2014 the city dedicated "Embroidery Square" at New York Avenue to commemorate that history.<ref> |
In the 18th century, [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[British people|English]] merchants first settled the area. Later, [[German people|German]] immigrants immigrated from [[Manhattan]]. [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Armenians]], [[Syrian people|Syrians]], [[Eastern European Jews]] and [[Italians]] followed.<ref name=OtherCuban>Perez-Stable, Marifeli. [http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/other-views/story/1362889.html "That other Cuban community"] ''[[The Miami Herald]]'' December 3, 2009</ref> In 1851, [[Germans]] moved across the [[Hudson River]] from [[New York City]] in search of affordable land and open space. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] a military installation, Camp Yates, covered an area now bounded by [[Bergenline Avenue|Bergenline]] and Palisade Avenues from 22nd to [[Hackensack Plank Road|32nd Street]]. Germans began to settle what would become Union Hill in 1851,<ref name=UCPictures/> and some descendants of the immigrants of this period live in the city today.<ref name=350Years/> Although the area's diversity was represented by the more than 19 nationalities that made their home in the Dardanelles (a five-block area of Central Avenue from 23rd Street to 27th Street)<ref name=UCPictures/> from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, [[German American]]s and [[Dutch people|Dutch]] dominated the area. Along with [[Switzerland|Swiss]] and [[Austria]]n immigrants, they founded the European-style [[lace]] making industries for which they were famous. The introduction of [[Schiffli lace]] machines in Hudson County<ref>[http://www.schiffli.org/history.htm History] page, Schiffli Lace and Embroidery Manufacturers Association. Accessed February 18, 2011.</ref> made Union City the "embroidery capital of the United States". The trademark of that industry is on the Union City Seal,<ref name=Calendar/><ref name="Cunningham">{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=John|title=This is New Jersey|edition=4|year=2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press/Hudson River Museum|location=[[Yonkers, New York]]|isbn=0-8135-2141-6|chapter=|page=100}}</ref><ref name=PopikUnionCity>Popik, Barry (August 15, 2006). [http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/florida/entry/little_havana_miami_little_havana_on_the_hudson_union_city_new_jersey/ "Little Havana (Miami) & Little Havana on the Hudson (Union City, New Jersey)"]. BarryPopkik.com</ref> though foreign competition and austere prevailing fashions led to the decline of embroidery and other industries in the area by the late 1990s.<ref>Pristin, Terry. [http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/03/nyregion/in-new-jersey-a-delicate-industry-unravels.html "In New Jersey, a Delicate Industry Unravels"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 3, 1998. Accessed August 19, 2013.</ref> In May 2014 the city dedicated "Embroidery Square" at New York Avenue to commemorate that history.<ref>http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2014/05/embroidery_square_dedicated_in_union_city.html#incart_river_default "Union City dedicates plaza that honors history as 'Embroidery Capital of the World'"], ''[[The Jersey Journal]]'', May 31, 2014. Accessed October 14, 2015. "Union City named a portion of New York Avenue 'Embroidery Plaza' last night to commemorate the city’s once-thriving embroidery industry."</ref> |
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As immigration to the area progressed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, [[Belgians]], [[Armenians]], [[Greeks]], [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Jewish people|Jews]] and [[Russians]] found a home in the area,<ref name=UCPictures/> though its domination by Germans by the turn of the 20th century was reflected in the fact that the minutes of town meetings were recorded in [[German language|German]].<ref>Keller, Susan Jo. [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/06/nyregion/at-schuetzen-park-a-bit-of-germany-and-a-tradition-of-charity.html "At Schuetzen Park, a Bit of Germany and a Tradition of Charity"], ''The New York Times'', October 6, 1996.</ref> By this time, the area was witnessing a period of urbanization, as an extensive [[tram|trolley]] system was developed by the [[North Hudson County Railway]], spurred by both electrification in 1890 and the arrival of [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Italians|Italian]] immigrants, which dominated the city until the late 1960s. Successive waves of immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]], the Near East and [[Latin America]] contributed to the embroidery industry in subsequent years. "The Cultural Thread"/"El Hilo", an exhibit highlighting this industry, is on display at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center.<ref>[http://www.parkpac.org/pp_exh.html The Cultural Thread/El Hilo Cultural], Park Performing Art Center. Accessed June 25, 2007.</ref> |
As immigration to the area progressed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, [[Belgians]], [[Armenians]], [[Greeks]], [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Jewish people|Jews]] and [[Russians]] found a home in the area,<ref name=UCPictures/> though its domination by Germans by the turn of the 20th century was reflected in the fact that the minutes of town meetings were recorded in [[German language|German]].<ref>Keller, Susan Jo. [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/06/nyregion/at-schuetzen-park-a-bit-of-germany-and-a-tradition-of-charity.html "At Schuetzen Park, a Bit of Germany and a Tradition of Charity"], ''The New York Times'', October 6, 1996.</ref> By this time, the area was witnessing a period of urbanization, as an extensive [[tram|trolley]] system was developed by the [[North Hudson County Railway]], spurred by both electrification in 1890 and the arrival of [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Italians|Italian]] immigrants, which dominated the city until the late 1960s. Successive waves of immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]], the Near East and [[Latin America]] contributed to the embroidery industry in subsequent years. "The Cultural Thread"/"El Hilo", an exhibit highlighting this industry, is on display at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center.<ref>[http://www.parkpac.org/pp_exh.html The Cultural Thread/El Hilo Cultural], Park Performing Art Center. Accessed June 25, 2007.</ref> |
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The town was famous for being the home of the rowdy Hudson [[American burlesque|Burlesque]].<ref name=GoogleNews/><ref name=TimesPassion>Romano, Jay. [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/05/nyregion/union-city-journal-2-passion-plays-thrive-on-a-friendly-rivalry.html "Union City Journal: 2 Passion Plays Thrive On a 'Friendly Rivalry'"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 5, 1989.</ref> [[Vaudeville]] and burlesque were theatre staples in Union City, with performers such as [[Harry Houdini]] and [[Fred Astaire]] making appearances locally.<ref>Karabin, Gerry. [http://www.ucnj.com/about_ucnj "ABOUT UCNJ: BRIEF HISTORY OF UNION CITY"], City of Union City, NJ. Accessed August 31, 2013.</ref><ref>Fernandez, 2010, p. 15.</ref> It was at a vaudeville theater in Union City that comedian [[George Burns]] would meet his longtime partner and wife, [[Gracie Allen]].<ref>[http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/gracie-allen/bio/152480 "Grace Allen Biography"]. ''[[TV Guide]]''. Accessed April 14, 2014.</ref> Union City was also for a time the home to the headquarters of sports publisher [[Joe Weider]].<ref>[http://www.ifbb.com/halloffame/2000/draper.htm "2000 Hall of Fame inductees"]. [[IFBB Hall of Fame]]. Accessed October 26, 2010.</ref> |
The town was famous for being the home of the rowdy Hudson [[American burlesque|Burlesque]].<ref name=GoogleNews/><ref name=TimesPassion>Romano, Jay. [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/05/nyregion/union-city-journal-2-passion-plays-thrive-on-a-friendly-rivalry.html "Union City Journal: 2 Passion Plays Thrive On a 'Friendly Rivalry'"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 5, 1989. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> [[Vaudeville]] and burlesque were theatre staples in Union City, with performers such as [[Harry Houdini]] and [[Fred Astaire]] making appearances locally.<ref>Karabin, Gerry. [http://www.ucnj.com/about_ucnj "ABOUT UCNJ: BRIEF HISTORY OF UNION CITY"], City of Union City, NJ. Accessed August 31, 2013.</ref><ref>Fernandez, 2010, p. 15.</ref> It was at a vaudeville theater in Union City that comedian [[George Burns]] would meet his longtime partner and wife, [[Gracie Allen]].<ref>[http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/gracie-allen/bio/152480 "Grace Allen Biography"]. ''[[TV Guide]]''. Accessed April 14, 2014.</ref> Union City was also for a time the home to the headquarters of sports publisher [[Joe Weider]].<ref>[http://www.ifbb.com/halloffame/2000/draper.htm "2000 Hall of Fame inductees"]. [[IFBB Hall of Fame]]. Accessed October 26, 2010.</ref> |
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The first [[Cubans]] immigrated to Union City from New York City in the 1940s, having been attracted to the city in search of work after hearing of its famed embroidery factories. A majority of these Cubans hailed from small towns or cities, particularly [[Villa Clara Province]] in central Cuba.<ref name=OtherCuban/><ref name=TechPlans/> After [[World War II]], veterans relocated to [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], causing a short-lived decline in the population.<ref name=NewYorkSun>Hope, Bradley (August 2, 2006). [http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020669&docId=l:413337263&start=1 "Havana on Hudson Reverberates After Castro's Operation"]. ''[[The New York Sun]]''. Accessed June 25, 2007. "Several of the group's leaders sat in chairs around the union hall on a quiet street in Union City, N.J., a town minutes away from Manhattan that was once known as "Havana on the Hudson".</ref> By the late 1960s when the city was predominantly Italian,<ref name=GoogleNews/> it was settled by a large migration of Cuban refugees fleeing [[Fidel Castro]]'s regime, making Union City for many years the city with the largest Cuban population in the U.S. after Miami, hence its nickname, "[[Havana on the Hudson]]."<ref name=GoogleNews/><ref name=NewYorkSun/><ref>Grenier, Guillermo J. [ |
The first [[Cubans]] immigrated to Union City from New York City in the 1940s, having been attracted to the city in search of work after hearing of its famed embroidery factories. A majority of these Cubans hailed from small towns or cities, particularly [[Villa Clara Province]] in central Cuba.<ref name=OtherCuban/><ref name=TechPlans/> After [[World War II]], veterans relocated to [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], causing a short-lived decline in the population.<ref name=NewYorkSun>Hope, Bradley (August 2, 2006). [http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020669&docId=l:413337263&start=1 "Havana on Hudson Reverberates After Castro's Operation"]. ''[[The New York Sun]]''. Accessed June 25, 2007. "Several of the group's leaders sat in chairs around the union hall on a quiet street in Union City, N.J., a town minutes away from Manhattan that was once known as "Havana on the Hudson".</ref> By the late 1960s when the city was predominantly Italian,<ref name=GoogleNews/> it was settled by a large migration of Cuban refugees fleeing [[Fidel Castro]]'s regime, making Union City for many years the city with the largest Cuban population in the U.S. after Miami, hence its nickname, "[[Havana on the Hudson]]."<ref name=GoogleNews/><ref name=NewYorkSun/><ref>Grenier, Guillermo J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=3XBcqhL_pKEC&pg=PA84 ''Miami now!: immigration, ethnicity, and social change''], Archived at [[Google Books]]. Accessed March 31, 2011.</ref> Following the [[Mariel boatlift]] in 1980, 10,000 Cubans settled in New Jersey, leading to a second wave of Cubans to Union City, which totaled 15,000 by 1994.<ref name=PopikUnionCity/><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/29/nyregion/cubans-kin-are-anxious-in-union-city.html?pagewanted=all Evelyn Nieves. "Cubans' Kin Are Anxious In Union City" ''The New York Times'' August 29, 1994]</ref><ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/printer_friendly/2407744 "Most liquor licenses? Bumpiest town? Local municipalities hold unusual distinctions"]. ''[[The Hudson Reporter]]''. August 27, 2006. Accessed June 25, 2007. "At one time, Union City had its own claim to fame as being the second largest Cuban community in the nation, after Miami. During the wave of immigrant exiles of the 1960s, the Cuban population that did not settle in Miami's Little Havana found its way to the north in Union City. However, throughout the years, the growing Cuban community has spread out to other regions of North Hudson."</ref> The city, as well as neighboring towns such as [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]], has experienced a profound cultural impact as a result of this, as seen in such aspects of local culture as its cuisine, fashion, music, entertainment and [[cigar]]-making.<ref name=GoogleNews/><ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2005/09/04/2003270336 "Cuban cigar tradition fades"]. ''[[Taipei Times]]''. September 4, 2005</ref><ref>Martin, Lydia. "Cuban cool" ''[[The Star-Ledger]]''. August 9, 1995. pp. 41 and 54.</ref><ref>Juri, Carmen (August 9, 1995). "Jersey's Cuban flavors". ''The Star-Ledger''. pp. 41 and 54</ref><ref name=NYTimes2.21.08>Applebome, Peter. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/21/nyregion/21towns.html?_r=0 "In Little Little Havana, Not Quite as Much of a Cuban Feel"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 21, 2008. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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===Development in the 21st century=== |
===Development in the 21st century=== |
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[[File:4.25.11ThreadByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|The city's first high-rise condominium tower, the Thread, invokes its historical association with the embroidery industry.]] |
[[File:4.25.11ThreadByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|The city's first high-rise condominium tower, the Thread, invokes its historical association with the embroidery industry.]] |
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Since its inception in 2000 the Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey has become a major annual event in [[North Hudson, New Jersey|North Hudson]], beginning in North Bergen and traveling south to its end in Union City.<ref> |
Since its inception in 2000 the Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey has become a major annual event in [[North Hudson, New Jersey|North Hudson]], beginning in North Bergen and traveling south to its end in Union City.<ref>Rosero, jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2398782/article-Celebrating-Cuban-Pride-Fifth-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade-draws-residents-and-honored-guests "Celebrating Cuban Pride Fifth annual Cuban Day Parade draws residents and honored guests"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', June 11, 2004. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Jonathon|authorlink=|title=Judge Decides Against a Mayor Who Banned Cuban Parade|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 31, 2007|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/31/nyregion/31parade.html |issn= |doi= |id= |accessdate=2010-06-15}}</ref><ref>[http://www.desfilecubanodenj.com/eventspage.htm Website Cuban Day Parade and Festival of New Jersey]</ref><ref>Miller, Jonathan. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/31/nyregion/31parade.html?_r=0 "Judge Decides Against a Mayor Who Banned Cuban Parade"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 31, 2007. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2412523/article-The-parade-marches-on-Eighth-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade-of-New-Jersey-keeps-traditional-route "The parade marches on Eighth annual Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey keeps traditional route"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', June 17, 2007. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> Union City has historically been a family-oriented city predominantly made up of [[brownstone]]s, two-family homes and locally owned businesses. Beginning approximately in 2003, it underwent a period of development of modestly sized residences, spurred by similar development in neighboring [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], and the city's attempt to attract developers to what had historically been a town unfriendly to them, according to Mayor [[Brian P. Stack]]. Through approval of varied construction projects to address the needs of residents of different incomes, improved [[rent control]] laws and community input on such issues,<ref>Martin, Antoinette. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/02/realestate/02njzo.html&pagewanted=all "Residential Up-and-Comer: Union City"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 2, 2005. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> this "Hobokenization" resulted in positive comparisons with the redeveloped Hoboken of the mid-to-late 1990s, with new restaurants, bars and art galleries cited as evidence of renewal. The city recorded $192 million in new construction in 2007, and 600 [[Certificate of occupancy|certificates of occupancy]], with 500-700 projected for 2008–2009, compared with previous years, in which 50 certificates was considered a high amount.<ref>Amoroso, Mary (April 20, 2008). [http://www.coregroupnyc.com/files//press/04.20.08%20NorthJersey.com%20Now%20its%20Union%20Citys%20Turn.pdf "Now it's Union City's Turn"]. ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]''.</ref> This development continued for several years, reaching a milestone in 2008 with the completion of Union City's first high-rise [[condominium]] tower, The Thread, whose name evokes the city's historical association with the embroidery industry.<ref>''The Union City Reporter''. March 28, 2008. p. 9</ref><ref>Carroll, Timothy J. (March 1, 2009). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2008863/article-Housing-in-Hudson-In-slow-economy--smaller--better-spaces-lure-buyers-from-across-the-river-? "Housing in Hudson"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''.</ref><ref name=HobokenComes>Martin, Antoinette (March 9, 2008). [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/09/realestate/09njzo.html "Hoboken Comes to Union City"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>Martin, Antoinette (February 6, 2009). [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/realestate/08njzo.html "Defining the Buyer of the Future"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Other such buildings have followed, such as the Altessa,<ref name=HobokenComes/> Park City Grand.<ref>Wright, E. Assata. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/6600771/article-Ups-and-downs-in-residential-real-estate-Thrifty-buyers-return-to-slowly-improving-housing-market "Ups and downs in residential real estate; Thrifty buyers return to slowly improving housing market"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', March 7, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> and The Lenox.<ref>"Newport section of JC has it all". "Home". ''[[The Union City Reporter]]''. June 8, 2014. p. 9.</ref> In 2015 the [[AARP]] ranked Union City #6 on its list of the best small cities to live in.<ref>[http://www.aarp.org/home-family/your-home/info-2015/best-places-to-live-retire.html "30 Most Livable Cities"]. ''[[AARP Bulletin]]''. [[AARP]]. April 14, 2015.</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city had a total area of 1.283 square miles (3.322 km<sup>2</sup>), all of which is land.<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR1" /> Part of the [[New York metropolitan area]],<ref name=Metropolitan>[http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2007/List1.txt Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas and their components]</ref> it is one of the municipalities which comprise [[North Hudson, New Jersey]]. Located atop the ridge of the lower [[Hudson Palisades]] (just south of the highest point in the county),<ref>[http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=7139 Hudson County Highest Point], peakbagger.com. Accessed January 8, 2010.</ref> many of its streets offer glimpses and views of the surrounding municipalities, the [[New York City]] skyline, and the [[New Jersey Meadowlands]]. |
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city had a total area of 1.283 square miles (3.322 km<sup>2</sup>), all of which is land.<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR1" /> Part of the [[New York metropolitan area]],<ref name=Metropolitan>[http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2007/List1.txt Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas and their components]</ref> it is one of the municipalities which comprise [[North Hudson, New Jersey]]. Located atop the ridge of the lower [[Hudson Palisades]] (just south of the highest point in the county),<ref>[http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=7139 Hudson County Highest Point], peakbagger.com. Accessed January 8, 2010.</ref> many of its streets offer glimpses and views of the surrounding municipalities, the [[New York City]] skyline, and the [[New Jersey Meadowlands]]. |
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The city is bisected by [[New Jersey Route 495]], a vehicular [[Cut (earthmoving)|cut]] built in conjunction with the [[Lincoln Tunnel]]. Soon after its construction, many street names were abandoned in favor of numbering in most of North Hudson starting at 2nd Street, just north of [[Paterson Plank Road]], which runs through the city's only major park and creates its border with [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]. 49th Street is the northern boundary with [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]]. Apart from a small section between [[Bergen Turnpike]] and [[Weehawken Cemetery]], [[county Route 501 (New Jersey)|Kennedy Boulevard]], a major north-south thoroughfare, creates the western border with [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]]. A former colonial road and previous border between the merged municipalities takes three names as it diagonally crosses the city's urban grid: [[Hackensack Plank Road|Hackensack Plank Road, 32nd Street, and Bergen Turnpike]]. Most of the city north of the street, formerly Union Hill, shares its eastern border along Park Avenue with [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]]. The southern section of the city, formerly West Hoboken, is indeed west of [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]],<ref name=Story |
The city is bisected by [[New Jersey Route 495]], a vehicular [[Cut (earthmoving)|cut]] built in conjunction with the [[Lincoln Tunnel]]. Soon after its construction, many street names were abandoned in favor of numbering in most of North Hudson starting at 2nd Street, just north of [[Paterson Plank Road]], which runs through the city's only major park and creates its border with [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]. 49th Street is the northern boundary with [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]]. Apart from a small section between [[Bergen Turnpike]] and [[Weehawken Cemetery]], [[county Route 501 (New Jersey)|Kennedy Boulevard]], a major north-south thoroughfare, creates the western border with [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]]. A former colonial road and previous border between the merged municipalities takes three names as it diagonally crosses the city's urban grid: [[Hackensack Plank Road|Hackensack Plank Road, 32nd Street, and Bergen Turnpike]]. Most of the city north of the street, formerly Union Hill, shares its eastern border along Park Avenue with [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]]. The southern section of the city, formerly West Hoboken, is indeed west of [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]],<ref name=Story/>which it overlooks and is connected by the road which creates their shared border, the [[14th Street (Hoboken)|Wing Viaduct]].<ref name="Hagstrom Map Company, Inc">{{Cite book| publisher = Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. | isbn = 0-88097-763-9| title = Hudson County New Jersey Street Map | year = 2008}}</ref> |
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[[Local government in New Jersey#Unincorporated communities|Unincorporated communities]], localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Union Hill and West Hoboken.<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search], State of [[New Jersey]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref> |
[[Local government in New Jersey#Unincorporated communities|Unincorporated communities]], localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Union Hill and West Hoboken.<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search], State of [[New Jersey]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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{{US Census population |
{{US Census population |
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|1870= 4640 |
| 1870= 4640 |
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|1880= 5849 |
| 1880= 5849 |
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|1890= 10643 |
| 1890= 10643 |
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|1900= 15187 |
| 1900= 15187 |
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|1910= 21023 |
| 1910= 21023 |
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|1920= 20651 |
| 1920= 20651 |
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|1930= 58659 |
| 1930= 58659 |
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|1940= 56173 |
| 1940= 56173 |
||
|1950= 55537 |
| 1950= 55537 |
||
|1960= 52180 |
| 1960= 52180 |
||
|1970= 57305 |
| 1970= 57305 |
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|1980= 55593 |
| 1980= 55593 |
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|1990= 58012 |
| 1990= 58012 |
||
|2000= 67088 |
| 2000= 67088 |
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|2010= 66455 |
| 2010= 66455 |
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⚫ | |||
|estyear=2014 |
| estyear=2014 |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | | estref=<ref name=PopEst>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US34.06100 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/files/SUB-EST2014_34.csv Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref>|footnote=Population sources:<small><br>1870–1920<ref>[https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full ''Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905''], [[New Jersey Department of State]], 1906. Accessed August 7, 2013.</ref> 1870<ref>Raum, John O. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5qZ4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA278 ''The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1''], p. 278, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed August 11, 2013. "The town of Union contains a population of 4,640."</ref><ref>Staff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA259 ''A compendium of the ninth census, 1870''], p. 259. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1872. Accessed August 11, 2013.</ref> 1880–1890<ref>Porter, Robert Percival. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8gUkQkJdLpsC&pg=PA98 ''Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75''], p. 98. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1890. Accessed August 11, 2013.</ref><br>1890–1910<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T9HrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA337 ''Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 337. Accessed August 11, 2013.</ref> 1870–1930<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA712 ''Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 712. Accessed January 25, 2012.</ref><br>1930–1990<ref>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/1990/poptrd6.htm Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed June 28, 2015.</ref> 2000<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> 2010<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=Districts2011/><ref name=LWD2010/><ref name=Census2010XLS>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/2010data/nj_tab1.xls The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref></small> |
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|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |footnote=Population sources:<small><br>1870–1920<ref>[ |
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}} |
}} |
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Union City is a [[working class]] community.<ref name=APNewsArchive>Fleeman, Michael |
Union City is a [[working class]] community.<ref name=APNewsArchive>Fleeman, Michael. [http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Madonna-Brings-A-Touch-Of-Hollywood-Glamor-To-Union-City/id-b1e566428018189847b95e645a9c08c5 "Madonna Brings A Touch Of Hollywood Glamor To Union City"]. [[AP News Archive]], January 10, 1988. Accessed October 14, 2015. "UNION CITY, N.J. (AP) _ On a snowy street corner in this predominately Hispanic, working-class city, there's a touch of Hollywood glamor, a very small touch."</ref> One of Hudson County's three homeless shelters, Palisades Emergency Residence Corp. (PERC), is located in Union City.<ref>Wright, E. Assata. "Three deaths raise concerns". ''The Union City Reporter''. July 31, 2001</ref> The PERC facility, which includes a soup kitchen, food pantry and 40-bed shelter on 37th Street, lost $100,000 in federal funding in 2011, and in January and August 2012, aided a record-breaking number of guests.<ref>Pope, Gennarose, "Use of homeless shelter breaks records". ''The Union City Reporter''. September 30, 2012. pp 1 and 5.</ref> |
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===2000 Census=== |
===2000 Census=== |
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According to the [[2000 United States Census]], Union City had a population of 67,088, making it the second-most populous municipality in the county after Jersey City.<ref name=2010Population>Smith, Ray. "What's new in residential development", ''The Hudson Reporter Progress Report'', March 6, 2011, Page 12</ref><ref name=2010Census>Cullen, Deanna. "Growing influence", '' |
According to the [[2000 United States Census]], Union City had a population of 67,088, making it the second-most populous municipality in the county after Jersey City.<ref name=2010Population>Smith, Ray. "What's new in residential development", ''The Hudson Reporter Progress Report'', March 6, 2011, Page 12</ref><ref name=2010Census>Cullen, Deanna. [http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/11363948/article-Growing-influence-UC-and-WNY-house-6-percent-of-state’s-Hispanics- "Growing influence; UC and WNY house 6 percent of state’s Hispanics"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', February 13, 2011. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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All of the city is land, an area of {{convert|1.283|sqmi}}.<ref name=CensusArea/> The [[population density]] was 52,977.8 inhabitants per square mile (20,395.9/km²) in 2000, approximately twice as high as New York City as a whole, but less than Manhattan alone. Union City is the most densely populated city in the United States,<ref name="CCT">[http://cct.edc.org/admin/publications/report/uc_transform_cond00.pdf "The Transformation of Union City: 1989 to Present"], Center for Children and Technology, August 15, 2000. Accessed June 10, 2007. "The following facts describe the demographics of Union City, NJ: It is the most densely populated city in the U.S."</ref><ref |
All of the city is land, an area of {{convert|1.283|sqmi}}.<ref name=CensusArea/> The [[population density]] was 52,977.8 inhabitants per square mile (20,395.9/km²) in 2000, approximately twice as high as New York City as a whole, but less than Manhattan alone. Union City is the most densely populated city in the United States,<ref name="CCT">[http://cct.edc.org/admin/publications/report/uc_transform_cond00.pdf "The Transformation of Union City: 1989 to Present"], Center for Children and Technology, August 15, 2000. Accessed June 10, 2007. "The following facts describe the demographics of Union City, NJ: It is the most densely populated city in the U.S."</ref><ref>Gerut, Amanda. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74686482.html "Clifton to consider allowing town houses on river"], ''[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]'', June 6, 2003. Accessed October 14, 2015. "Passaic is the third most densely populated city in America, after Union City and New York City, and public officials usually decry any new home building, especially projects that involve multifamily dwellings."</ref> though neighboring [[Guttenberg, New Jersey|Guttenberg]] (legally incorporated as a [[town (New Jersey)|town]]) was more densely populated.<ref name="Census">[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/GCTPH1.ST10/0400000US34 GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000 for New Jersey -- Place and County Subdivision], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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Hispanics remain the dominant ethnic group in the city, and their percentage of the population has increased from 82.3% in the 2000 Census to 84.7% in the 2010 Census. Non-Hispanic whites made up 15.3% of the city's population in 2010; up from 13.3% in the 2000 Census. Blacks made up 5.2% of the city's population in 2010; up from 3.3% in the 2000 Census. The rest of the racial makeup of the city was 0.70% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.15% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 28.19% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.87% from two or more races.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> Though Native Americans comprise less than 1% of the city's population, they doubled between the 2000 and 2010 Census, and combined with West New York's Native Americans, comprise 38% of the county's Native American population.<ref name=2010Census/> |
Hispanics remain the dominant ethnic group in the city, and their percentage of the population has increased from 82.3% in the 2000 Census to 84.7% in the 2010 Census. Non-Hispanic whites made up 15.3% of the city's population in 2010; up from 13.3% in the 2000 Census. Blacks made up 5.2% of the city's population in 2010; up from 3.3% in the 2000 Census. The rest of the racial makeup of the city was 0.70% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.15% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 28.19% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.87% from two or more races.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> Though Native Americans comprise less than 1% of the city's population, they doubled between the 2000 and 2010 Census, and combined with West New York's Native Americans, comprise 38% of the county's Native American population.<ref name=2010Census/> |
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[[File:6.6.10CubanParadeUCByLuigiNovi5.jpg|thumb|left|Revelers during the 2010 Cuban Day Parade on Bergenline Avenue.]] |
[[File:6.6.10CubanParadeUCByLuigiNovi5.jpg|thumb|left|Revelers during the 2010 Cuban Day Parade on Bergenline Avenue.]] |
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In the early days of the post-[[Cuban Revolution|Revolution]] era, Union City boasted the nation's largest Cuban population, second only to [[Miami, Florida]], leading to the nickname "Havana on the Hudson".<ref name=NewYorkSun/><ref name=NYTimes2.21.08/><ref>Rosero, Jessica (August 27, 2006). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17118972&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523584&rfi=8 "Most liquor licenses? Bumpiest town? Local municipalities hold unusual distinctions"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. Accessed June 25, 2007. "At one time, Union City had its own claim to fame as being the second largest Cuban community in the nation, after Miami. During the wave of immigrant exiles of the 1960s, the Cuban population that did not settle in Miami's Little Havana found its way to the north in Union City. However, throughout the years, the growing Cuban community has spread out to other regions of North Hudson."</ref> Aspects of the enclave are explored in the 2009 publication ''The Cubans of Union City: Immigrants and Exiles in a New Jersey Community''.<ref name=Prieto>[http://web.gc.cuny.edu/bildnercenter/cuba/CubansOfUnionCity.shtml Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies]; Accessed November 5, 2009.</ref> In the ensuing decades, Cuban residents spread out to other communities of [[North Hudson, New Jersey|North Hudson County]]. [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]], at 19.64%, now has the highest percentage of Cubans in New Jersey, with Union City in second place, with 15.35%. These two municipalities have the highest Cuban population percentage in the United States outside of [[Florida]].<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html "Cuban Ancestry"]. [[EPodunk]]. Accessed June 16, 2006.</ref> Moreover, Union City still boasts [[List of U.S. cities with Hispanic majority populations#New Jersey|the largest Hispanic population percentage in New Jersey]], at 84.7% by the 2010 Census.<ref name=2010Census/> It also has a very diversified Hispanic population with [[Cuban American|Cubans]], [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the more recent groups, who primarily came from [[South America]] and [[Central America]].<ref>[http://www.ucnj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=9 History of Union City at Union City's official site]</ref> By 2008 Union City had become a mix of the Latin and Asian diasporas, with Colombians and Dominicans as rising political powers, though the major New York City [[television]] [[news]] outlets will invariably journey to Union City to interview citizens when news items involving [[Cuba]] or [[Raúl Castro]] arise.<ref name=NYTimes2.21.08/> As of the 2000 census, 5.94% of Union City's residents identified themselves as being of [[Ecuador]]ian ancestry, which was the third highest of any municipality in New Jersey and the seventh highest percentage of Ecuadorian people in any place in the United States with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Ecuadorian.html Ecuadorian Communities], EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.</ref> That number increased to 9.23% in the 2010 |
In the early days of the post-[[Cuban Revolution|Revolution]] era, Union City boasted the nation's largest Cuban population, second only to [[Miami, Florida]], leading to the nickname "Havana on the Hudson".<ref name=NewYorkSun/><ref name=NYTimes2.21.08/><ref>Rosero, Jessica (August 27, 2006). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17118972&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523584&rfi=8 "Most liquor licenses? Bumpiest town? Local municipalities hold unusual distinctions"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. Accessed June 25, 2007. "At one time, Union City had its own claim to fame as being the second largest Cuban community in the nation, after Miami. During the wave of immigrant exiles of the 1960s, the Cuban population that did not settle in Miami's Little Havana found its way to the north in Union City. However, throughout the years, the growing Cuban community has spread out to other regions of North Hudson."</ref> Aspects of the enclave are explored in the 2009 publication ''The Cubans of Union City: Immigrants and Exiles in a New Jersey Community''.<ref name=Prieto>[http://web.gc.cuny.edu/bildnercenter/cuba/CubansOfUnionCity.shtml Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies]; Accessed November 5, 2009.</ref> In the ensuing decades, Cuban residents spread out to other communities of [[North Hudson, New Jersey|North Hudson County]]. [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]], at 19.64%, now has the highest percentage of Cubans in New Jersey, with Union City in second place, with 15.35%. These two municipalities have the highest Cuban population percentage in the United States outside of [[Florida]].<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html "Cuban Ancestry"]. [[EPodunk]]. Accessed June 16, 2006.</ref> Moreover, Union City still boasts [[List of U.S. cities with Hispanic majority populations#New Jersey|the largest Hispanic population percentage in New Jersey]], at 84.7% by the 2010 Census.<ref name=2010Census/> It also has a very diversified Hispanic population with [[Cuban American|Cubans]], [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the more recent groups, who primarily came from [[South America]] and [[Central America]].<ref>[http://www.ucnj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=9 History of Union City at Union City's official site]</ref> By 2008 Union City had become a mix of the Latin and Asian diasporas, with Colombians and Dominicans as rising political powers, though the major New York City [[television]] [[news]] outlets will invariably journey to Union City to interview citizens when news items involving [[Cuba]] or [[Raúl Castro]] arise.<ref name=NYTimes2.21.08/> As of the 2000 census, 5.94% of Union City's residents identified themselves as being of [[Ecuador]]ian ancestry, which was the third highest of any municipality in New Jersey and the seventh highest percentage of Ecuadorian people in any place in the United States with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Ecuadorian.html Ecuadorian Communities], EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.</ref> That number increased to 9.23% in the 2010 Census.<ref>socialexplorer.com</ref> As of the 2000 Census, 58.7% of the population was foreign born and 21.6% of residents were naturalized citizens, while 13.9% only speak English at home, whereas 80.7% reported that they spoke Spanish at home.<ref name=Census2000/> |
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In the city the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.<ref name=Census2000>[http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603474630.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Union City city], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 21, 2013.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3401774630 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Union City city, Hudson County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 21, 2013.</ref> |
In the city the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.<ref name=Census2000>[http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603474630.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Union City city], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 21, 2013.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3401774630 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Union City city, Hudson County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 21, 2013.</ref> |
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===Federal, state, and county representation=== |
===Federal, state, and county representation=== |
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Union City is located in the 8th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2012>[http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-congressional-districts/njcd-2011-plan-components-county-mcd.pdf Plan Components Report], [[New Jersey Redistricting Commission]], December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 33rd state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>[http://www.njelections.org/2011-legislative-districts/towns-district.pdf#page=14 Municipalities Grouped by 2011–2020 Legislative Districts], [[New Jersey Department of State]], p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref><ref name= |
Union City is located in the 8th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2012>[http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-congressional-districts/njcd-2011-plan-components-county-mcd.pdf Plan Components Report], [[New Jersey Redistricting Commission]], December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 33rd state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>[http://www.njelections.org/2011-legislative-districts/towns-district.pdf#page=14 Municipalities Grouped by 2011–2020 Legislative Districts], [[New Jersey Department of State]], p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref><ref name=LWV2015>[http://www.lwvnj.org/images/CG/2015_CG.pdf#page=65 ''2015 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government''], p. 65, New Jersey [[League of Women Voters]]. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/districts/districtnumbers.asp#33 Districts by Number for 2011–2020], [[New Jersey Legislature]]. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref> Prior to the 2010 Census, Union City had been part of the {{ushr|NJ|13|13th Congressional District}}, a change made by the [[New Jersey Redistricting Commission]] that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.<ref name=LWV2011>[http://www.lwvnj.org/images/cg_2011.pdf#page=65 ''2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government''], p. 65, New Jersey [[League of Women Voters]]. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref> |
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{{NJ Congress 08}} {{NJ Senate}} |
{{NJ Congress 08}} {{NJ Senate}} |
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The [[Bergenline Avenue (HBLR station)|Bergenline Avenue station]] of the [[Hudson-Bergen Light Rail]] is located at 49th Street near the city line with West New York and North Bergen.<ref name="Hagstrom Map Company, Inc"/><ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/rg/rg_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=LightRailStationLookupFrom&selLineCode=HBLR&selStation=38578&x=42&y=14 Bergenline Avenue], [[New Jersey Transit]]. Accessed September 14, 2014.</ref> |
The [[Bergenline Avenue (HBLR station)|Bergenline Avenue station]] of the [[Hudson-Bergen Light Rail]] is located at 49th Street near the city line with West New York and North Bergen.<ref name="Hagstrom Map Company, Inc"/><ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/rg/rg_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=LightRailStationLookupFrom&selLineCode=HBLR&selStation=38578&x=42&y=14 Bergenline Avenue], [[New Jersey Transit]]. Accessed September 14, 2014.</ref> |
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[[New Jersey Transit bus operations|New Jersey Transit bus service]] transportation is available to points in [[Hudson County|Hudson]], [[Bergen County|Bergen]], and [[Passaic County|Passaic]] counties and to the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Routes which stop in the city are the [[111 (New Jersey bus)|111]], [[121 (New Jersey bus)|121]], [[123 (New Jersey bus)|123]], [[124 (New Jersey bus)|124]], [[125 (New Jersey bus)|125]], [[127 (New Jersey bus)|127]], [[129 (New Jersey bus)|129]], [[154 (New Jersey bus)|154]], [[156 (New Jersey bus)|156]], [[159 (New Jersey bus)|159]], [[144 (New Jersey bus)|144]], [[190 (New Jersey bus)|190]] (and the [[107 (New Jersey bus)|107]], [[108 (New Jersey bus)|108]], [[160 (New Jersey bus)|160]], [[161 (New Jersey bus)|161]], [[163 (New Jersey bus)|163]], [[167 (New Jersey bus)|167]], [[191 (New Jersey bus)|191]], [[192 (New Jersey bus)|192]] by passenger request for travel to the Port Authority Bus Terminal only), and the [[195 (New Jersey bus)|195]] (Saturdays only). The [[George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal]] is served by the [[181 (New Jersey bus)|181]]. [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] can be reached on the [[22 (New Jersey bus)|22]], [[82 (New Jersey bus)|82]], [[83 (New Jersey bus)|83]], [[84 (New Jersey bus)|84]], [[85 (New Jersey bus)|85]], [[86 (New Jersey bus)|86]], [[88 (New Jersey bus)|88]] and [[89 (New Jersey bus)|89]] routes.<ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/sf_tp_rc_hudson.shtml Hudson County Bus/rail Connections], [[New Jersey Transit]]. Accessed July 3, 2007.</ref> Additional public transportation service is augmented by [[dollar van]]s to the [[Hudson County Courthouse]], [[Newport Mall]], [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street in Manhattan]], and [[Paterson, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://archive.is/20121209161619/http://www.newbridgelanding.org/files/03_06_08HNBLPCMinutes.doc Minutes of the Meeting Of the Historic New Bridge Landing Park Commission]; March 6, 2008</ref><ref>Cowen, Richard; and Bautista, Justo. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130732557.html "Police arrest 7 in jitney hijacking"] ''[[The Bergen Record]]''; November 3, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.hudsoncountynj.org/planning/docs/Bus%20Circulation%20Study/Hudson_County_Bus_Study_Draft_Final_Report_June18.pdf Hudson County Bus Circulation and Infrastructure Study (PDF file)] HudsonCountyNJ.org; Prepared for Hudson County Division of Planning; June 2007; Accessed August 7, 2010</ref> The [[minibus]]es, locally known by their [[Spanish language]] name ''guagua'',<ref>[http://www.hotelplanner.com/Attractions/4228-Things-to-do-in-Secaucus-NJ "Best Things to do in Secaucus NJ New Jersey"] Hotel Planner; Accessed August 7, 2010</ref> have come subject to greater scrutiny due to alleged safety issues.<ref |
[[New Jersey Transit bus operations|New Jersey Transit bus service]] transportation is available to points in [[Hudson County|Hudson]], [[Bergen County|Bergen]], and [[Passaic County|Passaic]] counties and to the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Routes which stop in the city are the [[111 (New Jersey bus)|111]], [[121 (New Jersey bus)|121]], [[123 (New Jersey bus)|123]], [[124 (New Jersey bus)|124]], [[125 (New Jersey bus)|125]], [[127 (New Jersey bus)|127]], [[129 (New Jersey bus)|129]], [[154 (New Jersey bus)|154]], [[156 (New Jersey bus)|156]], [[159 (New Jersey bus)|159]], [[144 (New Jersey bus)|144]], [[190 (New Jersey bus)|190]] (and the [[107 (New Jersey bus)|107]], [[108 (New Jersey bus)|108]], [[160 (New Jersey bus)|160]], [[161 (New Jersey bus)|161]], [[163 (New Jersey bus)|163]], [[167 (New Jersey bus)|167]], [[191 (New Jersey bus)|191]], [[192 (New Jersey bus)|192]] by passenger request for travel to the Port Authority Bus Terminal only), and the [[195 (New Jersey bus)|195]] (Saturdays only). The [[George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal]] is served by the [[181 (New Jersey bus)|181]]. [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] can be reached on the [[22 (New Jersey bus)|22]], [[82 (New Jersey bus)|82]], [[83 (New Jersey bus)|83]], [[84 (New Jersey bus)|84]], [[85 (New Jersey bus)|85]], [[86 (New Jersey bus)|86]], [[88 (New Jersey bus)|88]] and [[89 (New Jersey bus)|89]] routes.<ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/sf_tp_rc_hudson.shtml Hudson County Bus/rail Connections], [[New Jersey Transit]]. Accessed July 3, 2007.</ref> Additional public transportation service is augmented by [[dollar van]]s to the [[Hudson County Courthouse]], [[Newport Mall]], [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street in Manhattan]], and [[Paterson, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://archive.is/20121209161619/http://www.newbridgelanding.org/files/03_06_08HNBLPCMinutes.doc Minutes of the Meeting Of the Historic New Bridge Landing Park Commission]; March 6, 2008</ref><ref>Cowen, Richard; and Bautista, Justo. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130732557.html "Police arrest 7 in jitney hijacking"] ''[[The Bergen Record]]''; November 3, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.hudsoncountynj.org/planning/docs/Bus%20Circulation%20Study/Hudson_County_Bus_Study_Draft_Final_Report_June18.pdf Hudson County Bus Circulation and Infrastructure Study (PDF file)] HudsonCountyNJ.org; Prepared for Hudson County Division of Planning; June 2007; Accessed August 7, 2010</ref> The [[minibus]]es, locally known by their [[Spanish language]] name ''guagua'',<ref>[http://www.hotelplanner.com/Attractions/4228-Things-to-do-in-Secaucus-NJ "Best Things to do in Secaucus NJ New Jersey"] Hotel Planner; Accessed August 7, 2010</ref> have come subject to greater scrutiny due to alleged safety issues.<ref>Tirella, Tricia. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/8867773/article-Fierce-competition-surrounds-jitney-buses-Frequent-violations-may-put-riders-in-danger--officials-say "Fierce competition surrounds jitney buses; Frequent violations may put riders in danger, officials say"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', July 25, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>Hague, Jim. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2412134/article-Erratic-driving--lack-of-licensing-Prosecutor-s-Office-cracks-down-on-commuter-vans "Erratic driving, lack of licensing: Prosecutor's Office cracks down on commuter vans"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', May 22, 2007. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.hudsoncountynj.org/downloads/masterplan/chapter4x.pdf Hudson County Master Plan: Chapter IV: Circulation Plan] HudsonCountyNJ.org; Accessed August 7, 2010</ref> |
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[[Newark Liberty International Airport]] is located {{convert|12.5|mi|km}} away in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] / [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]. [[LaGuardia Airport]] in [[Flushing, Queens]] is {{convert|12.3|mi|km}} away. [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] is also in [[Queens, New York]]. The [[Colombia]]n airline [[Avianca]] operates a private bus service from to Union City and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]] for passengers on Avianca flights departing from and arriving to JFK.<ref>[http://www.avianca.com/Inicio/Banners/EN/bannerHome2_US "Board in New Jersey and Get off in Latin America"], ''[[Avianca]]''. Accessed January 27, 2009.</ref> |
[[Newark Liberty International Airport]] is located {{convert|12.5|mi|km}} away in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] / [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]. [[LaGuardia Airport]] in [[Flushing, Queens]] is {{convert|12.3|mi|km}} away. [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] is also in [[Queens, New York]]. The [[Colombia]]n airline [[Avianca]] operates a private bus service from to Union City and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]] for passengers on Avianca flights departing from and arriving to JFK.<ref>[http://www.avianca.com/Inicio/Banners/EN/bannerHome2_US "Board in New Jersey and Get off in Latin America"], ''[[Avianca]]''. Accessed January 27, 2009.</ref> |
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Historically, Union City schools have ranked among the highest in Hudson County in reported incidents of violence compared to the size of the student population more than once, most recently in a November 2009 report by the [[New Jersey Department of Education]], which annually records incidents of violence, vandalism, weapons and substance abuse or possession. According to the report, such incidents declined statewide between the 2006–07 and the 2007–08 school years, but rose slightly in Hudson County, with Union City schools having the second-highest number of reported incidents behind the [[Jersey City Public Schools]].<ref name=UCRSchools/> |
Historically, Union City schools have ranked among the highest in Hudson County in reported incidents of violence compared to the size of the student population more than once, most recently in a November 2009 report by the [[New Jersey Department of Education]], which annually records incidents of violence, vandalism, weapons and substance abuse or possession. According to the report, such incidents declined statewide between the 2006–07 and the 2007–08 school years, but rose slightly in Hudson County, with Union City schools having the second-highest number of reported incidents behind the [[Jersey City Public Schools]].<ref name=UCRSchools/> |
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[[University of California, Berkeley]] Professor [[David L. Kirp]], in his 2011 book, ''Kids First'', and his 2013 book, ''Improbable Scholars'', praised Union City's education system for bringing poor, mostly immigrant kids (three quarters of whom live in homes where only Spanish is spoken and a quarter of which are thought to be undocumented and fearful of deportation) into the educational mainstream. Kirp, who spent a year in Union City examining its schools, notes that while in the late 1970s, Union City schools faced the threat of state takeover, they now boast achievement scores that approximate the statewide average. Kirp also observes that in 2011, Union City boasted a high school graduation rate of 89.5 percent — roughly 10 percentage points higher than the national average, and that in 2012, 75 percent of Union City graduates enrolled in college, with top students winning scholarships to the [[Ivy League]]. Kirp singles out the city's practice of enrolling almost every 3- and 4-year-old in kindergarten, and the leadership of [[Union City High School]] principal John Bennetti for the positive educational atmosphere in that school.<ref>[[Kirp, David L.]] (February 9, 2013). [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/opinion/sunday/the-secret-to-fixing-bad-schools.html?smid=fb-share&_r=1& "The Secret to Fixing Bad Schools"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>Kirp, David L. (2011). ''Kids First: Five Big Ideas for Transforming Children's Lives'', (1st edition), Public Affairs, pp. 88,90, 92, 111-112, 137, ISBN 158648947X</ref><ref>DeChiaro, Dean |
[[University of California, Berkeley]] Professor [[David L. Kirp]], in his 2011 book, ''Kids First'', and his 2013 book, ''Improbable Scholars'', praised Union City's education system for bringing poor, mostly immigrant kids (three quarters of whom live in homes where only Spanish is spoken and a quarter of which are thought to be undocumented and fearful of deportation) into the educational mainstream. Kirp, who spent a year in Union City examining its schools, notes that while in the late 1970s, Union City schools faced the threat of state takeover, they now boast achievement scores that approximate the statewide average. Kirp also observes that in 2011, Union City boasted a high school graduation rate of 89.5 percent — roughly 10 percentage points higher than the national average, and that in 2012, 75 percent of Union City graduates enrolled in college, with top students winning scholarships to the [[Ivy League]]. Kirp singles out the city's practice of enrolling almost every 3- and 4-year-old in kindergarten, and the leadership of [[Union City High School]] principal John Bennetti for the positive educational atmosphere in that school.<ref>[[Kirp, David L.]] (February 9, 2013). [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/opinion/sunday/the-secret-to-fixing-bad-schools.html?smid=fb-share&_r=1& "The Secret to Fixing Bad Schools"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>Kirp, David L. (2011). ''Kids First: Five Big Ideas for Transforming Children's Lives'', (1st edition), Public Affairs, pp. 88,90, 92, 111-112, 137, ISBN 158648947X</ref><ref>DeChiaro, Dean. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/22109051/article-Tortoise-beats-hare-Berkeley-professor-celebrates-UC-in-new-book-? "Tortoise beats hare; Berkeley professor celebrates UC in new book"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', March 31, 2013. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>[[David L. Kirp|Kirp, David L.]] [http://www.thenation.com/article/how-union-city-shifting-arc-immigrant-kids-lives/ "How Union City Is Shifting the Arc of Immigrant Kids' Lives"]. ''[[The Nation]]'', April 8, 2013. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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===Public schools=== |
===Public schools=== |
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'''[[Emerson Middle School (Union City, New Jersey)|Emerson Middle School]]''', was opened in April 1915 as '''West Hoboken High School''', and was home to the Bulldogs. It was renamed '''Emerson High School''' for the writer [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], when the two towns merged. Located on New York Avenue at 18th Street, the original building is connected with the gym building, built in the 1980s, by a second story enclosed bridge that runs over New York Avenue. The school became the South campus of '''Union City High School''' in September 2008, before converting to a middle school in September 2009, with the opening of the new Union City High School proper. The mascot of Union City was also changed to the Soaring Eagles. Alumni of the school include [[DJ]] and music producer [[Erick Morillo]]<ref>''1989 Altruist: A Classic Year'' The Emerson High School yearbook for 1989</ref> and former [[Green Bay Packers]] center [[Frank Winters]].<ref>[http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=WINTEFRA01 "Frank Winters"], DatabaseFootball.com. Accessed December 2, 2012.</ref> |
'''[[Emerson Middle School (Union City, New Jersey)|Emerson Middle School]]''', was opened in April 1915 as '''West Hoboken High School''', and was home to the Bulldogs. It was renamed '''Emerson High School''' for the writer [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], when the two towns merged. Located on New York Avenue at 18th Street, the original building is connected with the gym building, built in the 1980s, by a second story enclosed bridge that runs over New York Avenue. The school became the South campus of '''Union City High School''' in September 2008, before converting to a middle school in September 2009, with the opening of the new Union City High School proper. The mascot of Union City was also changed to the Soaring Eagles. Alumni of the school include [[DJ]] and music producer [[Erick Morillo]]<ref>''1989 Altruist: A Classic Year'' The Emerson High School yearbook for 1989</ref> and former [[Green Bay Packers]] center [[Frank Winters]].<ref>[http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=WINTEFRA01 "Frank Winters"], DatabaseFootball.com. Accessed December 2, 2012.</ref> |
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Union City is home to two '''[[List of Carnegie libraries in New Jersey|Carnegie Libraries]]''' funded by the donations of steel magnate [[Andrew Carnegie]]. Both are considered historically and architecturally significant by the city.<ref>[http://www.ucnj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=9 Recreation], Union City's official site. Accessed January 19, 2010</ref> The first was built in 1903 by the Cranwell family builders, who were active in the construction of many of the city's buildings,<ref name=HudsonIndependent>Abby Levine and Craig Radhuber. [http://www.hudsonindependentnews.com/august2011.html A Visit to the Museum]". ''The Hudson Independent News''. August 2011. page 4</ref> with a $25,000 donation by Carnegie in what was once West Hoboken on 15th Street between Bergenline Avenue and New York Avenue. The second was built in 1905 at the corner of 43rd Street and New York Avenue in what was once [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]],<ref name=ColaGiant>Archilla, Dylan M. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/pages/full_story/push?article--Pop-+goes+the+donation+Cola+giant+lends+a+hand+to+UC+literacy%20&id=2387359 "'Pop' goes the donation Cola giant lends a hand to UC literacy"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. January 24, 2003</ref><ref |
Union City is home to two '''[[List of Carnegie libraries in New Jersey|Carnegie Libraries]]''' funded by the donations of steel magnate [[Andrew Carnegie]]. Both are considered historically and architecturally significant by the city.<ref>[http://www.ucnj.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=9 Recreation], Union City's official site. Accessed January 19, 2010</ref> The first was built in 1903 by the Cranwell family builders, who were active in the construction of many of the city's buildings,<ref name=HudsonIndependent>Abby Levine and Craig Radhuber. [http://www.hudsonindependentnews.com/august2011.html A Visit to the Museum]". ''The Hudson Independent News''. August 2011. page 4</ref> with a $25,000 donation by Carnegie in what was once West Hoboken on 15th Street between Bergenline Avenue and New York Avenue. The second was built in 1905 at the corner of 43rd Street and New York Avenue in what was once [[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]],<ref name=ColaGiant>Archilla, Dylan M. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/pages/full_story/push?article--Pop-+goes+the+donation+Cola+giant+lends+a+hand+to+UC+literacy%20&id=2387359 "'Pop' goes the donation Cola giant lends a hand to UC literacy"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. January 24, 2003</ref><ref>Nardone, Christine. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Closing+the+books+Plans+for+a+central+library+may+close+other+two%20&id=2368999 "Closing the books: Plans for a central library may close other two"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. 2002. Accessed January 19, 2010</ref> and is the main branch. The 15th Street library retains its original stained glass, but was closed in 2004 upon the completion of a new library on the corner of Summit Avenue and 18th Street, housed in the same building as José Martí Middle School.<ref>Nardone, Christine. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/pages/full_story/push?article-All+fired+up+UC+residents+protest+outside+City+Hall%20&id=2382862 "All fired up UC residents protest outside City Hall"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. July 11, 2002</ref> It was converted into the William V. Musto Cultural Center,<ref name=AboutUCNJ/><ref name=Fernandez22>Fernandez; 2010. Page 22.</ref> which opened in June 2011. It houses the Union City Museum of Art, the Union City Police Museum, the Union City Art Gallery & Concert Hall, the Union City Museum of History, and a senior citizen center.<ref name=HudsonIndependent/><ref>Sanabria, Santo. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/14446045/article-New-UC-center-holds-museums--senior-center-But-some-controversy-as-it-honors-convicted-former-Mayor-Musto- "New UC center holds museums, senior center; But some controversy as it honors convicted former Mayor Musto"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', June 22, 2011. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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On June 4, 2004, nearly a year after the death of Cuban-American [[salsa music|salsa]] singer [[Celia Cruz]] (who lived in nearby [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]]), Union City heralded its annual Cuban Day Parade by dedicating its new '''Celia Cruz Park''' (also known as '''Celia Cruz Plaza''') at 31st Street and Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's widower, [[Pedro Knight]], present. The park featured a sidewalk star in Cruz's honor, and an 8' x 10' mural by Union City's Edgardo Davila, a collage of Cruz's career throughout the decades. There are four other similar dedications to Cruz around the world.<ref>[http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=11835952&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523584&rfi=8 Homage to Celia Cruz: UC to pay tribute to Queen of Salsa with events, park dedication], ''Union City Reporter'', May 30, 2004.</ref> The Latin American Kiwanis Club refurbished the park in early June 2006, replacing the mural with a [[backlit]] photograph of Cruz. Cruz's star has expanded into Union City's "Walk of Fame",<ref>Fernandez; 2010; Page 74.</ref> as new marble stars are added each spring to honor Latin entertainment and media personalities. People so honored at the park include [[merengue (music)|merengue]] singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer [[La India]], Cuban musician [[Cachao López|Israel "Cachao" Lopez]], Cuban [[tenor]] [[Beny Moré]],<ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2408953/article-Viva-la-comunidad-Cubano-North-Hudson-celebrates-at-the-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade? "Viva la comunidad Cubano North Hudson celebrates at the annual Cuban Day Parade"] ''Hudson Reporter'' June 18, 2006</ref> [[Tito Puente]], Spanish language [[television news]] anchor [[Rafael Pineda (television journalist)|Rafael Pineda]], salsa pioneer [[Johnny Pacheco]],<ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2405226/article--La-vida-es-un-carnaval--North-Hudson-celebrates-6th-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade? "'La vida es un carnaval' North Hudson celebrates 6th annual Cuban Day Parade"]; ''Hudson Reporter''; May 26, 2006</ref> singer/bandleader [[Gilberto Santa Rosa]] and music promoter [[Ralph Mercado]].<ref>Staab, Amanda. "UC first stop for Latin Grammies" '' |
On June 4, 2004, nearly a year after the death of Cuban-American [[salsa music|salsa]] singer [[Celia Cruz]] (who lived in nearby [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]]), Union City heralded its annual Cuban Day Parade by dedicating its new '''Celia Cruz Park''' (also known as '''Celia Cruz Plaza''') at 31st Street and Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's widower, [[Pedro Knight]], present. The park featured a sidewalk star in Cruz's honor, and an 8' x 10' mural by Union City's Edgardo Davila, a collage of Cruz's career throughout the decades. There are four other similar dedications to Cruz around the world.<ref>[http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=11835952&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523584&rfi=8 Homage to Celia Cruz: UC to pay tribute to Queen of Salsa with events, park dedication], ''Union City Reporter'', May 30, 2004.</ref> The Latin American Kiwanis Club refurbished the park in early June 2006, replacing the mural with a [[backlit]] photograph of Cruz. Cruz's star has expanded into Union City's "Walk of Fame",<ref>Fernandez; 2010; Page 74.</ref> as new marble stars are added each spring to honor Latin entertainment and media personalities. People so honored at the park include [[merengue (music)|merengue]] singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer [[La India]], Cuban musician [[Cachao López|Israel "Cachao" Lopez]], Cuban [[tenor]] [[Beny Moré]],<ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2408953/article-Viva-la-comunidad-Cubano-North-Hudson-celebrates-at-the-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade? "Viva la comunidad Cubano North Hudson celebrates at the annual Cuban Day Parade"] ''Hudson Reporter'' June 18, 2006</ref> [[Tito Puente]], Spanish language [[television news]] anchor [[Rafael Pineda (television journalist)|Rafael Pineda]], salsa pioneer [[Johnny Pacheco]],<ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2405226/article--La-vida-es-un-carnaval--North-Hudson-celebrates-6th-annual-Cuban-Day-Parade? "'La vida es un carnaval' North Hudson celebrates 6th annual Cuban Day Parade"]; ''Hudson Reporter''; May 26, 2006</ref> singer/bandleader [[Gilberto Santa Rosa]] and music promoter [[Ralph Mercado]].<ref>Staab, Amanda. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2417273/article-UC-first-stop-for-Latin-Grammies-Music-icons-join-residents--officials-for-celebration?instance=search_results "UC first stop for Latin Grammies Music icons join residents, officials for celebration"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', November 6, 2008. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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[[File:September11AttacksByLuigiNovi1.jpg|thumb|right||Spectators viewing the aftermath of the [[September 11, 2001 |
[[File:September11AttacksByLuigiNovi1.jpg|thumb|right||Spectators viewing the aftermath of the [[September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]] from Doric Park. The park was later turned into Firefighter's Memorial Park.]] |
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'''September 11 memorials''' The city's first memorial to honor the five Union City citizens who died in the [[September 11 attacks]]<ref>Pope, Gennarose "Unbreakable spirit" ''The Union City Reporter''. September 16, 2012. pp. 1 and 9</ref> was a sculpture placed in Doric Park, in whose courtyard citizens gathered on September 11, 2001 to view the attacks' aftereffects.<ref>Rosero, Jessica. "Remembering 9/11" |
'''September 11 memorials''' The city's first memorial to honor the five Union City citizens who died in the [[September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]]<ref>Pope, Gennarose "Unbreakable spirit" ''The Union City Reporter''. September 16, 2012. pp. 1 and 9</ref> was a sculpture placed in Doric Park, in whose courtyard citizens gathered on September 11, 2001 to view the attacks' aftereffects.<ref>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2400460/article-Remembering-9-11-UC--WNY-hold-commemoration-ceremonies-for-victims?instance=search_results "Remembering 9/11 UC, WNY hold commemoration ceremonies for victims"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', September 21, 2004. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> On September 11, 2007, the city dedicated its Liberty Plaza to commemorate the event. The Plaza, which serves as a transit hub through which commuters pass on their way to and from Manhattan, includes two memorial markers.<ref>[http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2007/09/911_commemorations_begin_tomor.html "9/11 commemorations begin tomorrow morning"]. ''Jersey Journal''/NJ.com. September 8, 2007</ref><ref>Lucio Fernandez and Gerard Karabin. ''Union City in Pictures''. Book Press NY. 2010. Pages 24 and 25.</ref> Doric Park was later rebuilt as Firefighters Memorial Park, which opened in August 2009. The park includes a public swimming pool, and a new memorial to local fallen firefighters that stands at the entrance.<ref>Rappaport, Melissa. "Now open: Firefighters Memorial Park". ''The Union City Reporter''. August 16, 2009. Pages 1 and 8</ref><ref name="Zeitlinger, Ron 2010. Pages 1">Zeitlinger, Ron. "Union City limits use of Firefighters park pool". ''[[Hudson Dispatch]]''. July 15, 2010. Pages 1 and 3</ref> Its popularity has attracted visitors from [[Manhattan]] and [[Staten Island]].<ref name="Zeitlinger, Ron 2010. Pages 1"/> |
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'''The Monastery of the Perpetual Rosary''', known as the '''[[The Blue Chapel]]''', was constructed between 1912 and 1914, as the first monastery dedicated to the recitation of the Perpetual Rosary in the United States. Although the monastery was well-maintained for many decades, after the number of resident nuns and finances dwindled, the chapel deteriorated and was vacated in summer of 2009. Plans were announced later that year to renovate and expand the monastery in order to create housing units and underground parking, but negative public reaction squelched those plans. In 2010, the Chapel was included on Preservation New Jersey's annual 10 Most Endangered Historic Sites list, which is intended to draw attention to historical sites in need of preservation. The site's caretakers have previously indicated that it will likely be abandoned or sold,<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/7585939/article-BRIEFS? "UC site considered ‘endangered’ by Preservation NJ"] ''Hudson Reporter''; May 23, 2010</ref> but the city Board of Commissioners passed a November 3, 2010 resolution designating it as a historic site as part of efforts to protect it.<ref>"Blue Chapel receives municipal designation as historic site" '' |
'''The Monastery of the Perpetual Rosary''', known as the '''[[The Blue Chapel]]''', was constructed between 1912 and 1914, as the first monastery dedicated to the recitation of the Perpetual Rosary in the United States. Although the monastery was well-maintained for many decades, after the number of resident nuns and finances dwindled, the chapel deteriorated and was vacated in summer of 2009. Plans were announced later that year to renovate and expand the monastery in order to create housing units and underground parking, but negative public reaction squelched those plans. In 2010, the Chapel was included on Preservation New Jersey's annual 10 Most Endangered Historic Sites list, which is intended to draw attention to historical sites in need of preservation. The site's caretakers have previously indicated that it will likely be abandoned or sold,<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/7585939/article-BRIEFS? "UC site considered ‘endangered’ by Preservation NJ"] ''Hudson Reporter''; May 23, 2010</ref> but the city Board of Commissioners passed a November 3, 2010 resolution designating it as a historic site as part of efforts to protect it.<ref>Staff. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/10168040/article--Blue-Chapel-receives-municipal-designation-as-historic-site-?instance=more_page "Blue Chapel receives municipal designation as historic site"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', November 4, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>Mestanza, Jean-Pierre. [http://www.nj.com/secaucusjournal/index.ssf?/base/news-2/1289460384118790.xml&coll=3 "Union City mounts effort to save chapel"], [[NJ.com]], November 11, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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Since 2009, Union City has erected |
Since 2009, Union City has erected a series of historical markers to commemorate the lives of its noteworthy natives. The first marker was dedicated to the memory of boxer [[Joe Jeanette]] on April 17, 2009, and placed at the corner of [[Summit Avenue (Hudson Palisades)|Summit Avenue]] and 27th Street on April 17, 2009, where Jeanette's former residence and gym once stood. The marker lies two blocks from a street, located between Summit Avenue and [[County Route 501 (New Jersey)|Kennedy Boulevard]], that was named Jeanette Street in his honor.<ref>''[[The Union City Reporter]]'' April 26, 2009; Page 2</ref> Present at the dedication ceremony was Jeanette's grandniece, Sabrina Jennette.<ref>Fernandez; 2010; Page 82.</ref> The city's second historical marker was dedicated September 26, 2009 to Peter George Urban, a 10th degree [[karate]] [[Grandmaster (martial arts)|grandmaster]], writer and teacher who founded an American karate system, American Goju Do. Present at the dedication ceremony was Urban's daughter, Julia Urban-Kimmerly.<ref name=FernandezUrban>Fernandez; 2010. Page 82.</ref> The city's third historical marker was dedicated on May 22, 2010 to novelist and screenwriter [[Pietro di Donato]], and placed at Bergenline Avenue and 31st Street, where di Donato once lived, and which was named Pietro di Donato Plaza in his honor. Present at the dedication ceremony was di Donato's son, Richard.<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/7585939/article-BRIEFS? "UC recognizes history with dedication and marker"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', May 23, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref><ref>Fernandez; 2010. Page 84.</ref> The fourth was dedicated to painter [[William Tylee Ranney]] on September 18, 2010.<ref>"Union City marca su historia". ''El Especialito'', October 1, 2010, p. 16</ref> In addition to those honoring people, subsequent markers were erected to honor particular sites. As of December 2012, the city had eight historic markers.<ref>DeChiaro, Dean. [http://hudsonreporter.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Brewers-+boxers-+and+book+scribes-Historic+markers+tell+of+renowned+Union+City+residents-%20&id=21145528 "Brewers, boxers, and book scribes; Historic markers tell of renowned Union City residents"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', December 16, 2012. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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==Media and culture== |
==Media and culture== |
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Union City is located within the [[Media in New York City|New York media market]], with most of its daily papers available for sale or delivery. Until its closing in 1991 the ''[[Hudson Dispatch]]'', a morning daily newspaper that once had a circulation of 39,132, was based in Union City for 117 years.<ref>Good, Philip. [http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/27/nyregion/recalling-the-glory-days-of-the-hudson-dispatch.html?pagewanted=all "Recalling the Glory Days of The Hudson Dispatch"], ''The New York Times'', October 27, 1991. Accessed August 11, 2013.</ref> It later relaunched as a free bilingual weekly.<ref>''Hudson Dispatch Weekly'', May 13, 2010</ref> Local, [[Hudson County|county]], and regional news is covered by the daily ''[[Jersey Journal]]''. ''[[The Union City Reporter]]'' is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. Other weeklies, the ''[[River View Observer]]'' and ''El Especialito'',<ref>[http://www.elespecial.com/ El Especial's Online]. Accessed August 31, 2013.</ref> also cover local news. |
Union City is located within the [[Media in New York City|New York media market]], with most of its daily papers available for sale or delivery. Until its closing in 1991 the ''[[Hudson Dispatch]]'', a morning daily newspaper that once had a circulation of 39,132, was based in Union City for 117 years.<ref>Good, Philip. [http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/27/nyregion/recalling-the-glory-days-of-the-hudson-dispatch.html?pagewanted=all "Recalling the Glory Days of The Hudson Dispatch"], ''The New York Times'', October 27, 1991. Accessed August 11, 2013.</ref> It later relaunched as a free bilingual weekly.<ref>''Hudson Dispatch Weekly'', May 13, 2010</ref> Local, [[Hudson County|county]], and regional news is covered by the daily ''[[Jersey Journal]]''. ''[[The Union City Reporter]]'' is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. Other weeklies, the ''[[River View Observer]]'' and ''El Especialito'',<ref>[http://www.elespecial.com/ El Especial's Online]. Accessed August 31, 2013.</ref> also cover local news. |
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Among the films set or shot in the city are ''[[Union City (film)|Union City]]'' (1980) (which was released in conjunction with the [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]] song "[[Union City Blue]]"), ''[[Out of the Darkness (film)|Out of the Darkness]]'' (1985),<ref name=UCFilms>Karabin, Gerard (June 1, 2012). [http://unioncitynjhistory.blogspot.com/2012/06/union-city-film-history.html "Union City Film History"]. Union City, NJ History.</ref> ''[[Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989 film)|Bloodhounds of Broadway]]'' (1989),<ref name=APNewsArchive/><ref name=UCFilms/><ref>Harmetz, Aljean |
Among the films set or shot in the city are ''[[Union City (film)|Union City]]'' (1980) (which was released in conjunction with the [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]] song "[[Union City Blue]]"), ''[[Out of the Darkness (film)|Out of the Darkness]]'' (1985),<ref name=UCFilms>Karabin, Gerard (June 1, 2012). [http://unioncitynjhistory.blogspot.com/2012/06/union-city-film-history.html "Union City Film History"]. Union City, NJ History.</ref> ''[[Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989 film)|Bloodhounds of Broadway]]'' (1989),<ref name=APNewsArchive/><ref name=UCFilms/><ref>Harmetz, Aljean. [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/01/movies/a-director-s-race-with-aids-ends-before-his-movie-opens.html "A Director's Race With AIDS Ends Before His Movie Opens"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 1, 1989. Accessed October 14, 2015 "But ''The Bloodhounds of Broadway'' is not entirely the movie that Mr. Brookner created on the streets of Union City, Newark and Jersey City beginning in December 1987."</ref> and ''[[Far from Heaven]]'' (2002).<ref name=UCFilms/> The low-budget film directed by former [[Guttenberg, New Jersey|Guttenberg]] mayor Peter Lavilla, ''Oak Hill'', features local institutions including Union City's [[Palisades Emergency Residence Corporation]] homeless shelter and a [[synagogue]] in [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]].<ref>Tricia Tirella (November 25, 2008). "Movie filmed at U.C. shelter". ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1 and 6.</ref> The first segment of the [[List of Undercover Boss (U.S. TV series) episodes#Season 4: 2012–13|April 12, 2013 episode]] of the American version of the reality television series ''[[Undercover Boss (U.S. TV series)|Undercover Boss]]'' was filmed in Union City. In the segment, Tony Wells, the CMO for the home security provider [[The ADT Corporation|ADT]], visits Union City to pose as a new employee being trained by a local ADT dealer.<ref>{{cite episode|title=[[The ADT Corporation|ADT]]|airdate=April 12, 2013|network=[[CBS]]|series=[[Undercover Boss (U.S. TV series)|Undercover Boss]]|season=4|number=13}}</ref> |
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[[File:6.4.10MulitArtsFestivalByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|left|Artwork at the Union City Multi-Arts Festival.]] |
[[File:6.4.10MulitArtsFestivalByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|left|Artwork at the Union City Multi-Arts Festival.]] |
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In the late 2000s, Union City, [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]], [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] and [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]] came to be dubbed collectively as "NoHu", a North Hudson haven for local performing and fine artists, many of whom are immigrants from [[Latin America]] and other countries, in part due to lower housing costs compared to those in nearby art havens such as [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] and [[Manhattan]].<ref name=NoHu>Paul, Mary; Matzner, Caren (April 17, 2008). "Scores of artists find a place in N. Hudson" ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1, 6 and 19</ref> The Union City/West New York area in particular is a major training ground for actors in the county.<ref name=HudsonTheatre>"New performers on the block". ''The Union City Reporter''. February 27, 2011. pp. 1 and 13.</ref> In September 2008, Union City held its first annual month-long Art Month, which originated with the September 2006 "Celebrate Art" show at St. John's Episcopal Church. Art Month includes events such as the Union City Arts and Crafts Festival, held the second week of every September. Group shows are also arranged by organizations such as La Ola,<ref name=NoHu/><ref>[http://www.laola.org La Ola]. Accessed November 20, 2010.</ref> a group formed to help unite local artists, and Federación Mercantil, which provides support to artists in the form of bank loan assistance and help avoiding foreclosure, and puts on an annual show of work by Spanish-American painters.<ref name=NoHu/> Another is the Union City Artists Collective, founded in 2007 by a group of artists and public officials that includes painter/sculptor Amado Mora,<ref name=HudsonDispatchWeekly>Mestanza, Jean-Pierre (November 24, 2010). "Union City artist spreads word about city". ''Hudson Dispatch Weekly''. p. 3</ref> who was named Union City's first Art Curator,<ref name=OfficialSong>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/25284361/article-Union-City-now-rocks-to-its-own-song--Local-musicians-craft-a-tribute-to-the-city-s-people-and-famous-places--?instance=search_results "Union City now rocks to its own song"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. June 15, 2014. p. 3.</ref> responsible for the Union City Art Gallery at City Hall.<ref name=HudsonDispatchWeekly/> Locations in which artists reside or have put on tours or shows include the Yardley Building, a former [[Yardley of London]] soap factory on Palisade Avenue that overlooks Hoboken, and the old R.H. Simon Silk Mill on 39th Street, which has been dubbed the "[[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]] Arts Building". The [[Park Performing Arts Center]] is also a popular arts venue in the city, as it houses Hudson Theatre Works, a theatre company founded in 2011.<ref name=HudsonTheatre/> It was also the first venue for the Park Players, an acting troupe founded in the early 1980s by local teacher Joseph Conklin,<ref>LaMarca, Stephen (July 24, 2011). "Providing Hudson County with theater". ''The Union City Reporter''. p. 5</ref> and formerly hosted the ''NoHu Visions'' show, and the annual two-day Multi-Arts Festival<ref name=NoHu/><ref name=SilverAnn>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2404860/article-Silver-Anniversary-of-the-Multi-Arts-Union-City-celebrates-25th-annual-Multi-Arts-Festival-at-the-ParkPAC "Silver Anniversary of the Multi-Arts Union City celebrates 25th annual Multi- |
In the late 2000s, Union City, [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]], [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] and [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]] came to be dubbed collectively as "NoHu", a North Hudson haven for local performing and fine artists, many of whom are immigrants from [[Latin America]] and other countries, in part due to lower housing costs compared to those in nearby art havens such as [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] and [[Manhattan]].<ref name=NoHu>Paul, Mary; Matzner, Caren (April 17, 2008). "Scores of artists find a place in N. Hudson" ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1, 6 and 19</ref> The Union City/West New York area in particular is a major training ground for actors in the county.<ref name=HudsonTheatre>"New performers on the block". ''The Union City Reporter''. February 27, 2011. pp. 1 and 13.</ref> In September 2008, Union City held its first annual month-long Art Month, which originated with the September 2006 "Celebrate Art" show at St. John's Episcopal Church. Art Month includes events such as the Union City Arts and Crafts Festival, held the second week of every September. Group shows are also arranged by organizations such as La Ola,<ref name=NoHu/><ref>[http://www.laola.org La Ola]. Accessed November 20, 2010.</ref> a group formed to help unite local artists, and Federación Mercantil, which provides support to artists in the form of bank loan assistance and help avoiding foreclosure, and puts on an annual show of work by Spanish-American painters.<ref name=NoHu/> Another is the Union City Artists Collective, founded in 2007 by a group of artists and public officials that includes painter/sculptor Amado Mora,<ref name=HudsonDispatchWeekly>Mestanza, Jean-Pierre (November 24, 2010). "Union City artist spreads word about city". ''Hudson Dispatch Weekly''. p. 3</ref> who was named Union City's first Art Curator,<ref name=OfficialSong>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/25284361/article-Union-City-now-rocks-to-its-own-song--Local-musicians-craft-a-tribute-to-the-city-s-people-and-famous-places--?instance=search_results "Union City now rocks to its own song"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. June 15, 2014. p. 3.</ref> responsible for the Union City Art Gallery at City Hall.<ref name=HudsonDispatchWeekly/> Locations in which artists reside or have put on tours or shows include the Yardley Building, a former [[Yardley of London]] soap factory on Palisade Avenue that overlooks Hoboken, and the old R.H. Simon Silk Mill on 39th Street, which has been dubbed the "[[Union Hill, New Jersey|Union Hill]] Arts Building". The [[Park Performing Arts Center]] is also a popular arts venue in the city, as it houses Hudson Theatre Works, a theatre company founded in 2011.<ref name=HudsonTheatre/> It was also the first venue for the Park Players, an acting troupe founded in the early 1980s by local teacher Joseph Conklin,<ref>LaMarca, Stephen (July 24, 2011). "Providing Hudson County with theater". ''The Union City Reporter''. p. 5</ref> and formerly hosted the ''NoHu Visions'' show, and the annual two-day Multi-Arts Festival<ref name=NoHu/><ref name=SilverAnn>Rosero, Jessica. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2404860/article-Silver-Anniversary-of-the-Multi-Arts-Union-City-celebrates-25th-annual-Multi-Arts-Festival-at-the-ParkPAC "Silver Anniversary of the Multi-Arts Union City celebrates 25th annual Multi-Arts Festival at the ParkPAC"], ''The Union City Reporter''. p. 9, May 21, 2005. Accessed June 7, 2015.</ref> until 2010, when the latter moved to Union City High School, which houses the Union City Performing Arts Center.<ref name=HudReporter10.25.09>Rappaport, Melissa (October 25, 2009). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/4121011/article-Live---UC-inaugurates-performing-arts-center--?instance=search_results "Live! UC inaugurates performing arts center"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''.</ref><ref name=UCPACSite>[http://www.unioncitypac.com/ Home page], Union City Performing Arts Center. Accessed June 18, 2014.</ref> |
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In 2009 poet/musician Graciela Barreto was named Union City's first [[poet laureate]].<ref name=HudReporter10.25.09/> By April 2010 she was succeeded by Ben Figueroa.<ref>Kaulessar, Ricardo |
In 2009 poet/musician Graciela Barreto was named Union City's first [[poet laureate]].<ref name=HudReporter10.25.09/> By April 2010 she was succeeded by Ben Figueroa.<ref>Kaulessar, Ricardo. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/6986377/article-Town-that-gives-poetic-license--Jersey-City-inspires-writers--and-a-reading-series-?instance=search_results "Town that gives poetic license: Jersey City inspires writers, and a reading series"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', April 8, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> During the late 2000s the city also named a City Historian and organized a Historical Committee.<ref name=OfficialSong/> |
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The 2010 independent [[gothic horror]] art film, ''Vampire in Union City'', was filmed entirely in Union City, and was directed by entertainer and Union City Commissioner Lucio Fernandez. Produced by MeLu Films, it premiered on September 3, 2010 at the Summit Theater, marking the city's first movie premiere,<ref>"UC to host first ever film premiere in the city" ''The Union City Reporter'' August 22, 2010. p. 5</ref><ref>[http://www.luciofernandez.com/melufilms.html "World Premiere of 'Vampire in Union City'"], MeLu Films. Accessed August 19, 2010</ref> and the 2010 Celebrate Art Month, which included art exhibits, jazz, dance and opera performances, a film festival, and the public release of Francisco Rivadeneira's book, ''Los Amos del Planeta, Tomo II''.<ref name=2010CelebrateArt9.5>"Celebrate Art" ''The Union City Reporter''. September 5, 2010. p. 2</ref><ref |
The 2010 independent [[gothic horror]] art film, ''Vampire in Union City'', was filmed entirely in Union City, and was directed by entertainer and Union City Commissioner Lucio Fernandez. Produced by MeLu Films, it premiered on September 3, 2010 at the Summit Theater, marking the city's first movie premiere,<ref>"UC to host first ever film premiere in the city" ''The Union City Reporter'' August 22, 2010. p. 5</ref><ref>[http://www.luciofernandez.com/melufilms.html "World Premiere of 'Vampire in Union City'"], MeLu Films. Accessed August 19, 2010</ref> and the 2010 Celebrate Art Month, which included art exhibits, jazz, dance and opera performances, a film festival, and the public release of Francisco Rivadeneira's book, ''Los Amos del Planeta, Tomo II''.<ref name=2010CelebrateArt9.5>"Celebrate Art" ''The Union City Reporter''. September 5, 2010. p. 2</ref><ref>Diaz, Lana Rose. [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/9480537/article-Celebrate-art---UC-honors-and-supports-local-artists-with-month-of-events "Celebrate art!UC honors and supports local artists with month of events"], ''[[Hudson Reporter]]'', September 12, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2015.</ref> |
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The Multi-Arts Festival is an exhibition of artwork, musical performances and workshops held every May since 1981. Students and alumni of the various schools of Union City display their artwork, put on musical performances, and put on free demonstrations of [[sculpture]], [[portrait]]ure and [[caricature]] for attendees. It was created by Agnes Dauerman, a Union Hill High School art teacher, who coordinated the program for 25 years before she retired in 2005.<ref name=SilverAnn/> The Union City Museum of Art, the Union City Police Museum, the Union City Art Gallery and Concert Hall and the Union City Museum of History are housed in the [[William V. Musto]] Cultural Center, formerly the 15th Street library.<ref name=HudsonIndependent/><ref>Sanabria, Santo (June 19, 2011). "New UC center holds museums, senior center" ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1 and 14</ref> The Musto Center hosts a number of events, including various concerts and theatrical performances.<ref>[http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/21667347/article-BRIEFS?instance=secondary_stories_left_column "Briefs"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. February 10, 2013.</ref> Specific events it has hosted include the Union City Artist Awards,<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/18730467/article-BRIEFS "Briefs"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. May 27, 2012.</ref> the NoHu International Film Festival,<ref>Zietlinger, Ron (October 4, 2012). [http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/nohu_international_short_film.html "Union City International Film Festival"]. NJ.com.</ref> and Artists Assemble!, a comics festival first held in February 2013.<ref>DeChiaro, Dean (February 10, 2013). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/21665497/article-Superheroes-and-fanboys-unite---Local-comic-buff-hosts-city’s-mini-Comic-Con-? "Superheroes and fanboys unite!"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''.</ref> |
The Multi-Arts Festival is an exhibition of artwork, musical performances and workshops held every May since 1981. Students and alumni of the various schools of Union City display their artwork, put on musical performances, and put on free demonstrations of [[sculpture]], [[portrait]]ure and [[caricature]] for attendees. It was created by Agnes Dauerman, a Union Hill High School art teacher, who coordinated the program for 25 years before she retired in 2005.<ref name=SilverAnn/> The Union City Museum of Art, the Union City Police Museum, the Union City Art Gallery and Concert Hall and the Union City Museum of History are housed in the [[William V. Musto]] Cultural Center, formerly the 15th Street library.<ref name=HudsonIndependent/><ref>Sanabria, Santo (June 19, 2011). "New UC center holds museums, senior center" ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1 and 14</ref> The Musto Center hosts a number of events, including various concerts and theatrical performances.<ref>[http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/21667347/article-BRIEFS?instance=secondary_stories_left_column "Briefs"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. February 10, 2013.</ref> Specific events it has hosted include the Union City Artist Awards,<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/18730467/article-BRIEFS "Briefs"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''. May 27, 2012.</ref> the NoHu International Film Festival,<ref>Zietlinger, Ron (October 4, 2012). [http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/nohu_international_short_film.html "Union City International Film Festival"]. NJ.com.</ref> and Artists Assemble!, a comics festival first held in February 2013.<ref>DeChiaro, Dean (February 10, 2013). [http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/21665497/article-Superheroes-and-fanboys-unite---Local-comic-buff-hosts-city’s-mini-Comic-Con-? "Superheroes and fanboys unite!"]. ''The Hudson Reporter''.</ref> |
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[[Category:Union City, New Jersey| ]] |
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Revision as of 21:11, 14 October 2015
Union City, New Jersey | |
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City of Union City | |
Nickname(s): | |
![]() Location of Union City within Hudson County. Inset: Location of Hudson County in New Jersey | |
![]() Census Bureau map of Union City, New Jersey | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
County | Hudson |
Incorporated | June 1, 1925 |
Government | |
• Type | Walsh Act |
• Mayor | Brian P. Stack (term ends May 18, 2018)[2] |
• Clerk | Dominick Cantatore (acting)[3] |
Area | |
• Total | 1.283 sq mi (3.322 km2) |
• Land | 1.283 sq mi (3.322 km2) |
• Water | 0.000 sq mi (0.000 km2) 0.00% |
• Rank | 478th of 566 in state 10th of 12 in county[5] |
Elevation | 190 ft (60 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 66,455 |
• Estimate (2014)[11] | 68,668 |
• Rank | 17th of 566 in state 2nd of 12 in county[12] |
• Density | 51,810.1/sq mi (20,004.0/km2) |
• Rank | 2nd of 566 in state 2nd of 12 in county[12] |
Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT)) |
ZIP code | |
Area code(s) | 201[15] |
FIPS code | 3401774630[5][16][17] |
GNIS feature ID | 0885424[5][18] |
Website | www |
Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455,[7][8][9] reflecting a decline of 633 (-0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.[20] As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States,[a] with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.[21]
Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.[22] The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.[23]
Two major waves of immigration, first of German speakers and then of Spanish speakers, greatly influenced the development and character of Union City. Its two nicknames, "Embroidery Capital of the United States" and "Havana on the Hudson", reflect important aspects of that history. Thousands make a pilgrimage to Union City each year to see the nation's longest-running passion play and the annual Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey.
History
Early history and civic boundaries
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1.23.10UnionCityBorderByLuigiNovi.jpg/220px-1.23.10UnionCityBorderByLuigiNovi.jpg)
The area of what is today Union City was originally inhabited by the Munsee-speaking branch of Lenape Native Americans,[24][25][26][27][28][29] who wandered into the vast woodland area encountered by Henry Hudson during the voyages he conducted from 1609 to 1610 for the Dutch, who later claimed the area (which included the future New York City) and named it New Netherland. The portion of that land that included the future Hudson County was purchased from members of the Hackensack tribe of the Lenni-Lenape and became part of Pavonia, New Netherland.[30]
The relationship between the early Dutch settlers and Native Americans was marked by frequent armed conflict over land claims. In 1658 by New Netherland colony Director-General Peter Stuyvesant re-purchased the territory.[31][32] The boundaries of the purchase are described in the deed preserved in the New York State Archives, as well as the medium of exchange: "80 fathoms of wampum, 20 fathoms of cloth, 12 brass kettles, 6 guns, one double brass kettle, 2 blankets, and one half barrel of strong beer."[33] In 1660, he ordered the building of a fortified village at Bergen to protect the area.[34] It was the first permanent European settlement in New Jersey, located in what is now the Journal Square area of Jersey City near Academy Street.[32][35] In 1664, the British captured New Netherland from the Dutch, at which point the boundaries of Bergen Township encompassed what is now known as Hudson County. North of this was the unpopulated Bergen Woods, which would later be claimed by settlers, after whom a number of Union City streets today are named,[32] including Sipp Street,[36][37][38] Brown Street,[37][39] Golden Lane,[39] Tournade Street and Kerrigan Avenue,[40] which is named after J. Kerrigan, the owner of Kerrigan Farm, who donated the land for Saint Michael's Monastery.[40][41]
The area that would one day be Union City, however, remained sparsely populated until the early 19th century. The British granted Bergen a new town charter in 1668. In 1682 they created Bergen County, which was named to honor their Dutch predecessors. That county comprised all of present day Hudson, Bergen and Passaic counties. Sparsely inhabited during the 17th and 18th centuries, the southeast section of Bergen County had grown by the early 19th century to the point where it was deemed necessary to designate it a separate county. The New Jersey legislature created Hudson County in 1840, and in 1843, it was divided into two townships: Old Bergen Township (which eventually became Jersey City) and North Bergen Township, which was gradually separated into Hudson County's present day municipalities: Hoboken in 1849, Weehawken and Guttenberg in 1859, and West Hoboken and Union Township.[22][32] West Hoboken was incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1861, from portions of North Bergen Township. The township was reincorporated on April 6, 1871, and again on March 27, 1874. Portions of the township were ceded to Weehawken in 1879.[22] On June 28, 1884, West Hoboken was reincorporated as a town, based on an ordinance passed nine days earlier. The town was reincorporated on April 24, 1888, based on the results of a referendum passed 12 days earlier.[22] Union Township, or simply Union,[39][40][42] was formed through the merger of a number of villages, such as Dalleytown, Buck's Corners and Cox's Corners. The largest of these villages, Union Hill, became the colloquial name for the merged town of Union itself.[43] The northern section of Union Township was later incorporated as West New York in 1898.[32] Union City was incorporated on June 1, 1925, by merging the two towns of West Hoboken and Union Hill.[22][44] The name of one of the city's schools, Union Hill Middle School, recalls the former town.[45]
Immigration and industry
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1.22.10UCParkTheaterEmbroideryByLuigiNovi16.jpg/220px-1.22.10UCParkTheaterEmbroideryByLuigiNovi16.jpg)
In the 18th century, Dutch and English merchants first settled the area. Later, German immigrants immigrated from Manhattan. Irish, Polish, Armenians, Syrians, Eastern European Jews and Italians followed.[46] In 1851, Germans moved across the Hudson River from New York City in search of affordable land and open space. During the Civil War a military installation, Camp Yates, covered an area now bounded by Bergenline and Palisade Avenues from 22nd to 32nd Street. Germans began to settle what would become Union Hill in 1851,[32] and some descendants of the immigrants of this period live in the city today.[35] Although the area's diversity was represented by the more than 19 nationalities that made their home in the Dardanelles (a five-block area of Central Avenue from 23rd Street to 27th Street)[32] from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, German Americans and Dutch dominated the area. Along with Swiss and Austrian immigrants, they founded the European-style lace making industries for which they were famous. The introduction of Schiffli lace machines in Hudson County[47] made Union City the "embroidery capital of the United States". The trademark of that industry is on the Union City Seal,[41][48][49] though foreign competition and austere prevailing fashions led to the decline of embroidery and other industries in the area by the late 1990s.[50] In May 2014 the city dedicated "Embroidery Square" at New York Avenue to commemorate that history.[51]
As immigration to the area progressed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Belgians, Armenians, Greeks, Chinese, Jews and Russians found a home in the area,[32] though its domination by Germans by the turn of the 20th century was reflected in the fact that the minutes of town meetings were recorded in German.[52] By this time, the area was witnessing a period of urbanization, as an extensive trolley system was developed by the North Hudson County Railway, spurred by both electrification in 1890 and the arrival of Irish and Italian immigrants, which dominated the city until the late 1960s. Successive waves of immigrants from Eastern Europe, the Near East and Latin America contributed to the embroidery industry in subsequent years. "The Cultural Thread"/"El Hilo", an exhibit highlighting this industry, is on display at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center.[53]
The town was famous for being the home of the rowdy Hudson Burlesque.[1][54] Vaudeville and burlesque were theatre staples in Union City, with performers such as Harry Houdini and Fred Astaire making appearances locally.[55][56] It was at a vaudeville theater in Union City that comedian George Burns would meet his longtime partner and wife, Gracie Allen.[57] Union City was also for a time the home to the headquarters of sports publisher Joe Weider.[58]
The first Cubans immigrated to Union City from New York City in the 1940s, having been attracted to the city in search of work after hearing of its famed embroidery factories. A majority of these Cubans hailed from small towns or cities, particularly Villa Clara Province in central Cuba.[46][59] After World War II, veterans relocated to Bergen County, causing a short-lived decline in the population.[60] By the late 1960s when the city was predominantly Italian,[1] it was settled by a large migration of Cuban refugees fleeing Fidel Castro's regime, making Union City for many years the city with the largest Cuban population in the U.S. after Miami, hence its nickname, "Havana on the Hudson."[1][60][61] Following the Mariel boatlift in 1980, 10,000 Cubans settled in New Jersey, leading to a second wave of Cubans to Union City, which totaled 15,000 by 1994.[49][62][63] The city, as well as neighboring towns such as West New York, has experienced a profound cultural impact as a result of this, as seen in such aspects of local culture as its cuisine, fashion, music, entertainment and cigar-making.[1][64][65][66][67]
Development in the 21st century
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/4.25.11ThreadByLuigiNovi.jpg/220px-4.25.11ThreadByLuigiNovi.jpg)
Since its inception in 2000 the Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey has become a major annual event in North Hudson, beginning in North Bergen and traveling south to its end in Union City.[68][69][70][71][72] Union City has historically been a family-oriented city predominantly made up of brownstones, two-family homes and locally owned businesses. Beginning approximately in 2003, it underwent a period of development of modestly sized residences, spurred by similar development in neighboring Hoboken, and the city's attempt to attract developers to what had historically been a town unfriendly to them, according to Mayor Brian P. Stack. Through approval of varied construction projects to address the needs of residents of different incomes, improved rent control laws and community input on such issues,[73] this "Hobokenization" resulted in positive comparisons with the redeveloped Hoboken of the mid-to-late 1990s, with new restaurants, bars and art galleries cited as evidence of renewal. The city recorded $192 million in new construction in 2007, and 600 certificates of occupancy, with 500-700 projected for 2008–2009, compared with previous years, in which 50 certificates was considered a high amount.[74] This development continued for several years, reaching a milestone in 2008 with the completion of Union City's first high-rise condominium tower, The Thread, whose name evokes the city's historical association with the embroidery industry.[75][76][77][78] Other such buildings have followed, such as the Altessa,[77] Park City Grand.[79] and The Lenox.[80] In 2015 the AARP ranked Union City #6 on its list of the best small cities to live in.[81]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 1.283 square miles (3.322 km2), all of which is land.[5][19] Part of the New York metropolitan area,[82] it is one of the municipalities which comprise North Hudson, New Jersey. Located atop the ridge of the lower Hudson Palisades (just south of the highest point in the county),[83] many of its streets offer glimpses and views of the surrounding municipalities, the New York City skyline, and the New Jersey Meadowlands.
The city is bisected by New Jersey Route 495, a vehicular cut built in conjunction with the Lincoln Tunnel. Soon after its construction, many street names were abandoned in favor of numbering in most of North Hudson starting at 2nd Street, just north of Paterson Plank Road, which runs through the city's only major park and creates its border with Jersey City. 49th Street is the northern boundary with West New York. Apart from a small section between Bergen Turnpike and Weehawken Cemetery, Kennedy Boulevard, a major north-south thoroughfare, creates the western border with North Bergen. A former colonial road and previous border between the merged municipalities takes three names as it diagonally crosses the city's urban grid: Hackensack Plank Road, 32nd Street, and Bergen Turnpike. Most of the city north of the street, formerly Union Hill, shares its eastern border along Park Avenue with Weehawken. The southern section of the city, formerly West Hoboken, is indeed west of Hoboken,[22]which it overlooks and is connected by the road which creates their shared border, the Wing Viaduct.[84]
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Union Hill and West Hoboken.[85]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 4,640 | — | |
1880 | 5,849 | 26.1% | |
1890 | 10,643 | 82.0% | |
1900 | 15,187 | 42.7% | |
1910 | 21,023 | 38.4% | |
1920 | 20,651 | −1.8% | |
1930 | 58,659 | 184.0% | |
1940 | 56,173 | −4.2% | |
1950 | 55,537 | −1.1% | |
1960 | 52,180 | −6.0% | |
1970 | 57,305 | 9.8% | |
1980 | 55,593 | −3.0% | |
1990 | 58,012 | 4.4% | |
2000 | 67,088 | 15.6% | |
2010 | 66,455 | −0.9% | |
2014 (est.) | 68,668 | [11][86] | 3.3% |
Population sources: 1870–1920[87] 1870[88][89] 1880–1890[90] 1890–1910[91] 1870–1930[92] 1930–1990[93] 2000[94][95] 2010[7][8][9][96] |
Union City is a working class community.[97] One of Hudson County's three homeless shelters, Palisades Emergency Residence Corp. (PERC), is located in Union City.[98] The PERC facility, which includes a soup kitchen, food pantry and 40-bed shelter on 37th Street, lost $100,000 in federal funding in 2011, and in January and August 2012, aided a record-breaking number of guests.[99]
2000 Census
According to the 2000 United States Census, Union City had a population of 67,088, making it the second-most populous municipality in the county after Jersey City.[100][101]
All of the city is land, an area of 1.283 square miles (3.32 km2).[5] The population density was 52,977.8 inhabitants per square mile (20,395.9/km²) in 2000, approximately twice as high as New York City as a whole, but less than Manhattan alone. Union City is the most densely populated city in the United States,[102][103] though neighboring Guttenberg (legally incorporated as a town) was more densely populated.[104]
Hispanics remain the dominant ethnic group in the city, and their percentage of the population has increased from 82.3% in the 2000 Census to 84.7% in the 2010 Census. Non-Hispanic whites made up 15.3% of the city's population in 2010; up from 13.3% in the 2000 Census. Blacks made up 5.2% of the city's population in 2010; up from 3.3% in the 2000 Census. The rest of the racial makeup of the city was 0.70% Native American, 2.15% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 28.19% from other races, and 6.87% from two or more races.[94][95] Though Native Americans comprise less than 1% of the city's population, they doubled between the 2000 and 2010 Census, and combined with West New York's Native Americans, comprise 38% of the county's Native American population.[101]
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In the early days of the post-Revolution era, Union City boasted the nation's largest Cuban population, second only to Miami, Florida, leading to the nickname "Havana on the Hudson".[60][67][105] Aspects of the enclave are explored in the 2009 publication The Cubans of Union City: Immigrants and Exiles in a New Jersey Community.[106] In the ensuing decades, Cuban residents spread out to other communities of North Hudson County. West New York, at 19.64%, now has the highest percentage of Cubans in New Jersey, with Union City in second place, with 15.35%. These two municipalities have the highest Cuban population percentage in the United States outside of Florida.[107] Moreover, Union City still boasts the largest Hispanic population percentage in New Jersey, at 84.7% by the 2010 Census.[101] It also has a very diversified Hispanic population with Cubans, Dominicans, and the more recent groups, who primarily came from South America and Central America.[108] By 2008 Union City had become a mix of the Latin and Asian diasporas, with Colombians and Dominicans as rising political powers, though the major New York City television news outlets will invariably journey to Union City to interview citizens when news items involving Cuba or Raúl Castro arise.[67] As of the 2000 census, 5.94% of Union City's residents identified themselves as being of Ecuadorian ancestry, which was the third highest of any municipality in New Jersey and the seventh highest percentage of Ecuadorian people in any place in the United States with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[109] That number increased to 9.23% in the 2010 Census.[110] As of the 2000 Census, 58.7% of the population was foreign born and 21.6% of residents were naturalized citizens, while 13.9% only speak English at home, whereas 80.7% reported that they spoke Spanish at home.[94]
In the city the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.[94][95]
As of 2000, Union City's employment breakdown is: 27% Manufacturing, 15% Professional, 15% Retail, 8% Transportation, 8% Finance/Insurance/Real Estate, 8% Wholesale Trade, 6% Business and Trade, 5% Construction, 4% Personal Service, 3% Public Administration, 3% Communications, and 1% Entertainment/Recreation[citation needed]
About 17% of the city's employed residents work in New York City.[111]
Of Union City's 24,931 housing units (up 1,190 from the 2000 Census), 2,117 of them, or 8%, are vacant, twice the vacancy rate of the 2000 Census.[101]
The median income for a household in the city was $30,642, and the median income for a family was $32,246. Males had a median income of $25,598 versus $19,794 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,997. About 18.6% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.3% of those under age 18 and 19.3% of those age 65 or over.[94][95] The Brookings Institution studies ranked Union City among the 92 most economically depressed localities in the United States, with 18.1% of the population and 27.5% of the children falling below the poverty line. In 1997, the New Jersey Municipal Distress Index, which is based on social, economic, fiscal and physical indicators, ranked Union City as the third most distressed community in the state.[59]
2010 Census
Union City's 2010 population of 66,455 made it the state's 17th largest municipality, having seen a decline of 633 residents (-0.9%) from its population of 67,088 in the 2000 Census, when it was the state's 16th most populous municipality.[96][100][101] As of 2010, it was still the country's most densely populated city.[112][113]
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,173 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,946) and the median family income was $43,101 (+/- $2,185). Males had a median income of $31,987 (+/- $1,696) versus $25,010 (+/- $1,517) for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,506 (+/- $719). About 17.0% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.4% of those under age 18 and 20.8% of those age 65 or over.[114]
Economy
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Originally, Bergenline Avenue was the width of a cowpath, and was not regarded as a business center. Street car tracks were expected to be laid on Palisade Avenue where the Town Hall was located. However, an influential citizen named Henry Kohlmeier, who had just built his residence on Palisade Avenue, did not wish to be disturbed by the noise of the passing cars, and proposed that the tracks be laid on Bergenline Avenue, two blocks to the west, and before those who would have objected to this became aware of this change, the motion was approved.[115]
Today Bergenline Avenue remains the city's main commercial thoroughfare.[41][46] Currently the longest commercial avenue in the state,[116] boasting over 300 retail stores and restaurants, Bergenline runs through not only the entire length of Union City from north to south, but also through West New York, Guttenberg and North Bergen, making it the main commercial strip for Northern Hudson County. Also known as the "Miracle Mile", Bergenline's largest concentration of retail and chain stores begins at the intersection of 32nd Street and continues north until 92nd Street in North Bergen, and while it is a narrow one-way, southbound street throughout most of Union City, it becomes a four lane, two-way street at 48th Street, one block south of the town's northern boundary. Bergenline Avenue is also used as the route for local parades, such as the annual Memorial Day Parade. At Union City's southern end, Bergenline is primarily a residential street, with the shopping district concentrated at Summit Avenue and Transfer Station. Although not as busy a shopping area as upper Bergenline, the city implemented a series of improvements in 2009 to improve business there, such as improved sidewalks, landscaping and street lights from Seventh Street to 13th Street.[117]
In terms of business, Union City is notable for being the location where Mallomars were first sold. Nabisco sold them to a grocer in the southern half of the town, when it was West Hoboken.[118]
Union City is one of several cities in Hudson County that contains a state-established "Urban Enterprise Zone", which was implemented in 1983 by the New Jersey Department of Commerce and Economic Development assist businesses and revitalize economically distressed communities in New Jersey.[119] Businesses within the zone apply for a variety of incentives, including a sales tax reduction to customers of 3½% (from the mandated 7% statewide sales tax) at eligible merchants, with no tax on purchases made by merchants related to running their businesses. Revenue generated from the reduced sales tax is maintained in a special fund dedicated for use within the zone for specific economic development and physical improvement projects.[120] There are approximately 180 UEZ-certified businesses in the city, which includes Bergenline Avenue from 49th to 15th Streets, 32nd Street from Bergenline Avenue to Kennedy Boulevard, Summit Avenue from 18th to Fifth Street, and Paterson Plank Road from Fifth to Seventh Streets. In addition to providing an incentive for shoppers and for business owners to invest in the area without raising taxes, up to $30,000 in annual UEZ revenue is also used for area upkeep and safety projects, marketing campaigns, and holiday decorations.[116] According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union City's unemployment rate as of September 2009 was 15%, the highest in the state, compared with the lowest, Hoboken, at 6.3%, and a state rate of 9.8%.[121]
Government
Local government
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Union City's City Hall is located at 3715 Palisade Avenue. The mayor of Union City also serves as a commissioner on the five-member Board of Commissioners, as per the city's Walsh Act form of government, which has been in place since 1930.[4][122][123]
As of 2015[update], the mayor of Union City is Brian P. Stack, who became mayor in 2000 after a recall election forced the resignation of then-mayor Raúl "Rudy" Garcia.[124] The five members of the Union City Board of Commissioners serve in both administrative and legislative capacities, with each commissioner acting as the director of one of the five major departments of the City, administering the daily operations of a designated department. The five commissioners and their departmental assignments are Mayor Brian P. Stack (Commissioner of Public Safety), Lucio P. Fernandez (Commissioner of Public Affairs), Maryury Martinetti (Commissioner of Revenue and Finance), Tilo Rivas (Commissioner of Public Works) and Celin Valdivia (Commissioner of Parks and Public Property), all serving concurrent terms ending May 20, 2018.[125][126][127]
In March 2013, the Board of Commissioners chose Celin Valdivia to fill the seat vacated by Christopher F. Irizarry.[128]
Federal, state, and county representation
Union City is located in the 8th Congressional District[129] and is part of New Jersey's 33rd state legislative district.[8][130][131] Prior to the 2010 Census, Union City had been part of the 13th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[132]
For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).[133][134] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrat Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[135]. One seat is currently vacant after Senator Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs) resigned on August 20, 2024.[136][137][138]
For the 2024–2025 session, the 33rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Brian P. Stack (D, Union City) and in the General Assembly by Julio Marenco (D, North Bergen) and Gabe Rodriguez (D, West New York).[139] Template:NJ Governor
Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders District 6[140] is represented by Tilo Rivas.[141][142] Hudson County is governed by a directly elected County Executive and by a Board of County Commissioners, which serves as the county's legislative body. As of 2024[update], Hudson County's County Executive is Craig Guy (D, Jersey City), whose term of office expires December 31, 2027.[143] Hudson County's Commissioners are:[144][145][146]
Kenneth Kopacz (D, District 1-- Bayonne and parts of Jersey City; 2026, Bayonne),[147][148] William O'Dea (D, District 2-- western parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[149][150] Vice Chair Jerry Walker (D, District 3-- southeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[151][152] Yraida Aponte-Lipski (D, District 4-- northeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[153][154] Chair Anthony L. Romano Jr. (D, District 5-- Hoboken and adjoining parts of Jersey City; 2026, Hoboken),[155][156] Fanny J.Cedeno (D, District 6-- Union City; 2026, Union City),[157][158] Caridad Rodriguez (D, District 7-- West New York (part), Weehawken, Guttenberg; 2026, West New York),[159][160] Robert Baselice (D, District 8-- North Bergen, West New York (part), Seacaucus (part); 2026, North Bergen),[161][162] and Albert Cifelli (D, District 9-- East Newark, Harrison, Kearny, and Secaucus (part); 2026, Harrison).[163][164]
Hudson County's constitutional officers are: Clerk E. Junior Maldonado (D, Jersey City, 2027),[165][166] Sheriff Frank Schillari, (D, Jersey City, 2025)[167] Surrogate Tilo E. Rivas, (D, Jersey City, 2024)[168][169] and Register Jeffery Dublin (D, Jersey City, 2024).[170][169]
Political demographics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 28,503 registered voters in Union City, of which 18,589 (65.2%) were registered as Democrats, 1,839 (6.5%) were registered as Republicans and 8,062 (28.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 13 voters registered to other parties.[171]
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 82.1% of the vote (14,569 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 17.2% (3,050 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (134 votes), among the 17,893 ballots cast by the city's 30,841 registered voters (140 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 58.0%.[172][173] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 74.6% of the vote (13,657 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 23.9% (4,366 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (150 votes), among the 18,305 ballots cast by the city's 32,030 registered voters, for a turnout of 57.1%.[174] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 64.8% of the vote here (10,894 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 32.0% (5,375 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (90 votes), among the 16,811 ballots cast by the city's 27,727 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 60.6.[175]
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 58.1% of the vote (6,653 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 40.6% (4,651 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (148 votes), among the 12,583 ballots cast by the city's 31,515 registered voters (1,131 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 39.9%.[176][177] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 76.8% of the vote here (8,611 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 20.2% (2,265 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.4% (152 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (89 votes), among the 11,218 ballots cast by the city's 27,373 registered voters, yielding a 41.0% turnout.[178]
Public safety
Union City is one of the five cities in North Hudson served by North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue, along with North Bergen, Weehawken, West New York, and Guttenberg.[179]
Union City's Chief of Police is Richard Molinari, a Union City resident who replaced former Chief Brian Barrett.[180]
Transportation
Roads and highways
Bergenline Avenue and the marginal highway of New Jersey Route 495 are major public transportation corridors. Union City is 2 miles (3.2 km) from New York City via the Lincoln Tunnel, its main approach road, Route 495 bisecting it. Within a mile to the west are U.S. Route 1/9, Route 3, and the New Jersey Turnpike.[84]
As of 2010[update], the city had a total of 41.67 miles (67.06 km) of roadways, of which 37.46 miles (60.29 km) were maintained by the municipality, 3.42 miles (5.50 km) by Hudson County and 0.64 miles (1.03 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.15 miles (0.24 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[181]
Public transportation
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The Bergenline Avenue station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail is located at 49th Street near the city line with West New York and North Bergen.[84][182]
New Jersey Transit bus service transportation is available to points in Hudson, Bergen, and Passaic counties and to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan. Routes which stop in the city are the 111, 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 154, 156, 159, 144, 190 (and the 107, 108, 160, 161, 163, 167, 191, 192 by passenger request for travel to the Port Authority Bus Terminal only), and the 195 (Saturdays only). The George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal is served by the 181. Jersey City can be reached on the 22, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 and 89 routes.[183] Additional public transportation service is augmented by dollar vans to the Hudson County Courthouse, Newport Mall, 42nd Street in Manhattan, and Paterson, New Jersey.[184][185][186] The minibuses, locally known by their Spanish language name guagua,[187] have come subject to greater scrutiny due to alleged safety issues.[188][189][190]
Newark Liberty International Airport is located 12.5 miles (20.1 km) away in Newark / Elizabeth. LaGuardia Airport in Flushing, Queens is 12.3 miles (19.8 km) away. John F. Kennedy Airport is also in Queens, New York. The Colombian airline Avianca operates a private bus service from to Union City and Elizabeth for passengers on Avianca flights departing from and arriving to JFK.[191]
Education
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The student population was 9,730 as of November 2009.[192]
Historically, Union City schools have ranked among the highest in Hudson County in reported incidents of violence compared to the size of the student population more than once, most recently in a November 2009 report by the New Jersey Department of Education, which annually records incidents of violence, vandalism, weapons and substance abuse or possession. According to the report, such incidents declined statewide between the 2006–07 and the 2007–08 school years, but rose slightly in Hudson County, with Union City schools having the second-highest number of reported incidents behind the Jersey City Public Schools.[192]
University of California, Berkeley Professor David L. Kirp, in his 2011 book, Kids First, and his 2013 book, Improbable Scholars, praised Union City's education system for bringing poor, mostly immigrant kids (three quarters of whom live in homes where only Spanish is spoken and a quarter of which are thought to be undocumented and fearful of deportation) into the educational mainstream. Kirp, who spent a year in Union City examining its schools, notes that while in the late 1970s, Union City schools faced the threat of state takeover, they now boast achievement scores that approximate the statewide average. Kirp also observes that in 2011, Union City boasted a high school graduation rate of 89.5 percent — roughly 10 percentage points higher than the national average, and that in 2012, 75 percent of Union City graduates enrolled in college, with top students winning scholarships to the Ivy League. Kirp singles out the city's practice of enrolling almost every 3- and 4-year-old in kindergarten, and the leadership of Union City High School principal John Bennetti for the positive educational atmosphere in that school.[193][194][195][196]
Public schools
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The Union City School District operates public schools in Union City. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[197] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[198][199]
As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 14 schools had an enrollment of 10,800 students and 788.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.70:1.[200] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[201]) are Eugenio Maria de Hostos Center for Early Childhood Education,[202] (grades PreK - K;[203] 334 students) Thomas A. Edison School[204] (PreK - 6;[203] 1,104), Sara M. Gilmore School[205] (K - 5; 382), Hudson School[206] (PreK - 5; 515), Jefferson School[207] (PreK-4;[203] 364), Roosevelt School[208] (K - 6;[203] 906), Veteran's Memorial Elementary School[209] (PreK - 5;[203] 474), Washington School[210] (K - 6;[203] 748), Robert Waters School[211] (PreK - 6;[203] 1,045), Woodrow Wilson Arts Integrated School[212] (PreK - 8;[203] 358 - located in Weehawken), Colin Powell Elementary School[213] (K - 5[203]), Emerson Middle School[214] (6 - 8;[203] 840), Union Hill Middle School[215] (7 - 8;[203] 737), José Martí Freshman Academy[216] (9;[203] 570), Alternative Design Academy (Grades 9 - 12)[203] Union City High School[217] (10 - 12;[203] 2,423).[218][219]
The city's single public high school, Union City High School, opened September 3, 2009,[220] and was built on the site of the former Roosevelt Stadium.[221] The $178 million school, whose signature feature is an athletic field on its second floor roof, replaced the former Emerson High School and Union Hill High School, which converted to middle schools.[222]
The newest school to open in Union City is Colin Powell Elementary School, which opened in September 2012 and was dedicated on February 7, 2013. It is the seventh educational city created over the course of a decade, and the 14th school in the city.[213] For the 2013–14 school year students from Gilmore and Hudson Schools were relocated to Colin Powell, so that the former schools, both of which are over one hundred years old, could undergo renovations.[203]
Eugenio Maria de Hostos Early Childhood Education Center (ECC) strives to build a high quality learning environment so that the youth of Union City will achieve academic success. The Center provides students with the readiness to succeed in school, oral language development & early literacy skills important to future success in school. These goals will give children a head start in kindergarten and enter with better oral and reading readiness abilities.
Woodrow Wilson School was awarded the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive, during the 2004-05 school year.[223] The Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence was awarded again to Woodrow Wilson for the 2014-2015 school year.[224][225]
Hudson County Community College's $28.1 million North Hudson Higher Education Center opened in September 2011. The seven story, 92,250-square-foot (8,570 m2) Center is located on Kennedy Boulevard, adjacent to the Bergenline Avenue Light Rail station. It incorporates green technology, such as photovoltaic electrical systems, rainwater harvesting tanks, daylight and occupancy sensors, low-flow fixtures, and high-efficiency mechanical equipment. The NHHEC also houses offices for the Hudson County Career Development Center and the County Clerk.[226][227]
Private schools
Mother Seton Interparochial School, St. Augustine's School and St. Francis Academy are elementary schools operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[228] In September 2013, St. Francis Academy was one of 15 schools in New Jersey to be recognized by the United States Department of Education as part of the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program, an award called the "most prestigious honor in the United States' education system" and which Education Secretary Arne Duncan described as honoring schools that "represent examples of educational excellence".[229][230]
Other schools in Union City include two Islamic schools, Miftaahul Uloom Academy[231][232] and Rising Star Academy,[233] a Jewish school, Mesivtza Sanz,[234][235] and Union City Daycare Program School.[236]
Notable landmarks
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The former Monastery and Church of Saint Michael the Archangel, once the largest Roman Catholic church in Hudson County, on West Street, is the one landmark on the National Register of Historic Places in Union City,[237] and one of several locations which have been designated by New Jersey Register of Historic Places.[238] It is now known as the Hudson Presbyterian Church.[239] The José Martí Freshman Academy and Union City Public Library on located on the grounds of the complex.
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The Park Performing Arts Center was originally built in 1931 by the German congregation the Catholic parish of Holy Family Church (and still owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark) to house their cultural and educational programs Its outstanding feature is the Park Theater which seats 1,400. Incorporated in 1983 the non-profit arts center presents works of local, national, and international artists, as well as permanent and rotating exhibitions.[240]
Union City High School and Athletic Complex opened in September 2009 on the site of the former Roosevelt Stadium, demolished in 2005 to make way for it. The sports field is located on the second floor roof of the building, which also houses the Union City Performing Arts Center and a community health center.[241][242]
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Emerson Middle School, was opened in April 1915 as West Hoboken High School, and was home to the Bulldogs. It was renamed Emerson High School for the writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, when the two towns merged. Located on New York Avenue at 18th Street, the original building is connected with the gym building, built in the 1980s, by a second story enclosed bridge that runs over New York Avenue. The school became the South campus of Union City High School in September 2008, before converting to a middle school in September 2009, with the opening of the new Union City High School proper. The mascot of Union City was also changed to the Soaring Eagles. Alumni of the school include DJ and music producer Erick Morillo[243] and former Green Bay Packers center Frank Winters.[244]
Union City is home to two Carnegie Libraries funded by the donations of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie. Both are considered historically and architecturally significant by the city.[245] The first was built in 1903 by the Cranwell family builders, who were active in the construction of many of the city's buildings,[246] with a $25,000 donation by Carnegie in what was once West Hoboken on 15th Street between Bergenline Avenue and New York Avenue. The second was built in 1905 at the corner of 43rd Street and New York Avenue in what was once Union Hill,[247][248] and is the main branch. The 15th Street library retains its original stained glass, but was closed in 2004 upon the completion of a new library on the corner of Summit Avenue and 18th Street, housed in the same building as José Martí Middle School.[249] It was converted into the William V. Musto Cultural Center,[24][250] which opened in June 2011. It houses the Union City Museum of Art, the Union City Police Museum, the Union City Art Gallery & Concert Hall, the Union City Museum of History, and a senior citizen center.[246][251]
On June 4, 2004, nearly a year after the death of Cuban-American salsa singer Celia Cruz (who lived in nearby Fort Lee), Union City heralded its annual Cuban Day Parade by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Park (also known as Celia Cruz Plaza) at 31st Street and Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's widower, Pedro Knight, present. The park featured a sidewalk star in Cruz's honor, and an 8' x 10' mural by Union City's Edgardo Davila, a collage of Cruz's career throughout the decades. There are four other similar dedications to Cruz around the world.[252] The Latin American Kiwanis Club refurbished the park in early June 2006, replacing the mural with a backlit photograph of Cruz. Cruz's star has expanded into Union City's "Walk of Fame",[253] as new marble stars are added each spring to honor Latin entertainment and media personalities. People so honored at the park include merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La India, Cuban musician Israel "Cachao" Lopez, Cuban tenor Beny Moré,[254] Tito Puente, Spanish language television news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,[255] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa and music promoter Ralph Mercado.[256]
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September 11 memorials The city's first memorial to honor the five Union City citizens who died in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks[257] was a sculpture placed in Doric Park, in whose courtyard citizens gathered on September 11, 2001 to view the attacks' aftereffects.[258] On September 11, 2007, the city dedicated its Liberty Plaza to commemorate the event. The Plaza, which serves as a transit hub through which commuters pass on their way to and from Manhattan, includes two memorial markers.[259][260] Doric Park was later rebuilt as Firefighters Memorial Park, which opened in August 2009. The park includes a public swimming pool, and a new memorial to local fallen firefighters that stands at the entrance.[261][262] Its popularity has attracted visitors from Manhattan and Staten Island.[262]
The Monastery of the Perpetual Rosary, known as the The Blue Chapel, was constructed between 1912 and 1914, as the first monastery dedicated to the recitation of the Perpetual Rosary in the United States. Although the monastery was well-maintained for many decades, after the number of resident nuns and finances dwindled, the chapel deteriorated and was vacated in summer of 2009. Plans were announced later that year to renovate and expand the monastery in order to create housing units and underground parking, but negative public reaction squelched those plans. In 2010, the Chapel was included on Preservation New Jersey's annual 10 Most Endangered Historic Sites list, which is intended to draw attention to historical sites in need of preservation. The site's caretakers have previously indicated that it will likely be abandoned or sold,[263] but the city Board of Commissioners passed a November 3, 2010 resolution designating it as a historic site as part of efforts to protect it.[264][265]
Since 2009, Union City has erected a series of historical markers to commemorate the lives of its noteworthy natives. The first marker was dedicated to the memory of boxer Joe Jeanette on April 17, 2009, and placed at the corner of Summit Avenue and 27th Street on April 17, 2009, where Jeanette's former residence and gym once stood. The marker lies two blocks from a street, located between Summit Avenue and Kennedy Boulevard, that was named Jeanette Street in his honor.[266] Present at the dedication ceremony was Jeanette's grandniece, Sabrina Jennette.[267] The city's second historical marker was dedicated September 26, 2009 to Peter George Urban, a 10th degree karate grandmaster, writer and teacher who founded an American karate system, American Goju Do. Present at the dedication ceremony was Urban's daughter, Julia Urban-Kimmerly.[268] The city's third historical marker was dedicated on May 22, 2010 to novelist and screenwriter Pietro di Donato, and placed at Bergenline Avenue and 31st Street, where di Donato once lived, and which was named Pietro di Donato Plaza in his honor. Present at the dedication ceremony was di Donato's son, Richard.[269][270] The fourth was dedicated to painter William Tylee Ranney on September 18, 2010.[271] In addition to those honoring people, subsequent markers were erected to honor particular sites. As of December 2012, the city had eight historic markers.[272]
Media and culture
Union City is located within the New York media market, with most of its daily papers available for sale or delivery. Until its closing in 1991 the Hudson Dispatch, a morning daily newspaper that once had a circulation of 39,132, was based in Union City for 117 years.[273] It later relaunched as a free bilingual weekly.[274] Local, county, and regional news is covered by the daily Jersey Journal. The Union City Reporter is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. Other weeklies, the River View Observer and El Especialito,[275] also cover local news.
Among the films set or shot in the city are Union City (1980) (which was released in conjunction with the Blondie song "Union City Blue"), Out of the Darkness (1985),[276] Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989),[97][276][277] and Far from Heaven (2002).[276] The low-budget film directed by former Guttenberg mayor Peter Lavilla, Oak Hill, features local institutions including Union City's Palisades Emergency Residence Corporation homeless shelter and a synagogue in North Bergen.[278] The first segment of the April 12, 2013 episode of the American version of the reality television series Undercover Boss was filmed in Union City. In the segment, Tony Wells, the CMO for the home security provider ADT, visits Union City to pose as a new employee being trained by a local ADT dealer.[279]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/6.4.10MulitArtsFestivalByLuigiNovi.jpg/220px-6.4.10MulitArtsFestivalByLuigiNovi.jpg)
In the late 2000s, Union City, West New York, Weehawken and North Bergen came to be dubbed collectively as "NoHu", a North Hudson haven for local performing and fine artists, many of whom are immigrants from Latin America and other countries, in part due to lower housing costs compared to those in nearby art havens such as Hoboken, Jersey City and Manhattan.[280] The Union City/West New York area in particular is a major training ground for actors in the county.[281] In September 2008, Union City held its first annual month-long Art Month, which originated with the September 2006 "Celebrate Art" show at St. John's Episcopal Church. Art Month includes events such as the Union City Arts and Crafts Festival, held the second week of every September. Group shows are also arranged by organizations such as La Ola,[280][282] a group formed to help unite local artists, and Federación Mercantil, which provides support to artists in the form of bank loan assistance and help avoiding foreclosure, and puts on an annual show of work by Spanish-American painters.[280] Another is the Union City Artists Collective, founded in 2007 by a group of artists and public officials that includes painter/sculptor Amado Mora,[283] who was named Union City's first Art Curator,[284] responsible for the Union City Art Gallery at City Hall.[283] Locations in which artists reside or have put on tours or shows include the Yardley Building, a former Yardley of London soap factory on Palisade Avenue that overlooks Hoboken, and the old R.H. Simon Silk Mill on 39th Street, which has been dubbed the "Union Hill Arts Building". The Park Performing Arts Center is also a popular arts venue in the city, as it houses Hudson Theatre Works, a theatre company founded in 2011.[281] It was also the first venue for the Park Players, an acting troupe founded in the early 1980s by local teacher Joseph Conklin,[285] and formerly hosted the NoHu Visions show, and the annual two-day Multi-Arts Festival[280][286] until 2010, when the latter moved to Union City High School, which houses the Union City Performing Arts Center.[287][288]
In 2009 poet/musician Graciela Barreto was named Union City's first poet laureate.[287] By April 2010 she was succeeded by Ben Figueroa.[289] During the late 2000s the city also named a City Historian and organized a Historical Committee.[284]
The 2010 independent gothic horror art film, Vampire in Union City, was filmed entirely in Union City, and was directed by entertainer and Union City Commissioner Lucio Fernandez. Produced by MeLu Films, it premiered on September 3, 2010 at the Summit Theater, marking the city's first movie premiere,[290][291] and the 2010 Celebrate Art Month, which included art exhibits, jazz, dance and opera performances, a film festival, and the public release of Francisco Rivadeneira's book, Los Amos del Planeta, Tomo II.[292][293]
The Multi-Arts Festival is an exhibition of artwork, musical performances and workshops held every May since 1981. Students and alumni of the various schools of Union City display their artwork, put on musical performances, and put on free demonstrations of sculpture, portraiture and caricature for attendees. It was created by Agnes Dauerman, a Union Hill High School art teacher, who coordinated the program for 25 years before she retired in 2005.[286] The Union City Museum of Art, the Union City Police Museum, the Union City Art Gallery and Concert Hall and the Union City Museum of History are housed in the William V. Musto Cultural Center, formerly the 15th Street library.[246][294] The Musto Center hosts a number of events, including various concerts and theatrical performances.[295] Specific events it has hosted include the Union City Artist Awards,[296] the NoHu International Film Festival,[297] and Artists Assemble!, a comics festival first held in February 2013.[298]
The first annual Union City International Film Festival began in December 2010, with the short film "X", which was written and directed by Josh Brolin, as the opening film.[299][300][301] Later that month Union City unveiled the Union City Plaza of the Arts on Bergenline Avenue between 30th and 31st Streets, as a venue for artists to congregate and showcase their work. The location, which sees copious traffic to and from Midtown Manhattan, was chosen in order to showcase the city in a positive light to commuters, and so that the plaza could represent fine arts alongside the adjacent Pietro Di Donato Plaza and Celia Cruz Plaza, which represent literature and music, respectively.[302][303]
On June 11, 2014, the city's Board of Commissioners passed a resolution adopting the song "Union City" as the city's official song. The song was composed by Union City native Phil Gallo and Weehawken native Mike Boldt, and performed by the group Dez Manku, which features Boldt and Gallo. An accompanying music video was produced and edited by Maruo DeTrizio for Action Productions, and released on YouTube and iTunes. The guitar-driven rock song's lyrics make references to local streets such as Bergenline Avenue and Monastery Place, and landmarks such as the Roosevelt Theater and the Hudson Burlesque, and its former high schools, Emerson and Union Hill.[284]
Notable people
Notes
^ a: Nearby Guttenberg, New Jersey is more densely populated, but not incorporated as a city. The designation of municipalities in New Jersey are arbitrary or historical, as there is no legal difference between them. New York County, New York, the most densely populated county, is across the Hudson River and is the only county more densely populated.
- ^ a b c d e Bartlett, Kay. "Little Havana on the Hudson", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 28, 1977 Archived at Google News, Accessed March 31, 2011.
- ^ 2014 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of December 15, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2014.
- ^ City Clerk, City of Union City. Accessed September 14, 2014.
- ^ a b 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, p. 144.
- ^ a b c d e f g 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Union City, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
- ^ a b c DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Union City city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 24, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Municipalities Grouped by 2011–2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ a b c Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Union City city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed January 24, 2012.
- ^ 2010 Census Populations, Asbury Park Press. Accessed September 19, 2011.
- ^ a b PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
- ^ a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 11, 2013.
- ^ Look Up a ZIP code for Union City, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed September 19, 2011.
- ^ ZIP codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 19, 2013.
- ^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Union City, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed September 14, 2014.
- ^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
- ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed August 23, 2012.
- ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
- ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
- ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 12, 2012.
- ^ De Avila, Joseph. "Tightly Packed Union City Welcomes More", The Wall Street Journal, August 27, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2012. "Union City is a tiny city measuring just over one square mile with about 66,000 residents, making it the most densely populated city in the country, according to the latest U.S. Census."
- ^ a b c d e f Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 148. Accessed January 24, 2012.
- ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 14, 2015.
- ^ a b Karabin, Gerard. "About UCNJ", City of Union City. Accessed November 26, 2010.
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- ^ Russell, Emily W.B. "Vegetational Change in Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis." PhD dissertation. New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University. Author notes on page 8 that Indians often augmented lightning fires. 1979
- ^ Russell, Emily W.B. "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States." Ecology, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Feb): 78 88. 1983a Author found no strong evidence that Indians purposely burned large areas, but they did burn small areas near their habitation sites. Noted that the Lenna Lenape Tribe used fire.
- ^ A Brief Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherlands with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There. New York, NY: William Gowans. 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, Columbia University Press, New York. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) tribe in New Jersey used fire in ecosystems.
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- ^ a b The Union City Public Schools: Technology Plan 2004–2007, Union City Board of Education, approved April 29, 2004, p. 4 of 25. Accessed June 25, 2007. "According to the 1997 New Jersey Municipal Distress Index, which is based on social, economic, fiscal and physical indicators, of the 566 municipalities in New Jersey, Union City is considered to be the 3rd most distressed community in the state.... In the 1940's Union City attracted the first Cuban immigrants. These early Cubans learned of Union City's famed embroidery factories and came in search of work."
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References
- Ryman, Ella-May. History of West Hoboken and Union Hill (1965)
- Primont, Daniel A.; Fiedler, William G.; and Zuccaro, Fred. The Historical Background of Union City: A Monograph, Prepared for the Commemoration of New Jersey's Tercentenary 1664–1964 and As a Teaching Material and Aid in the Union City School System by (1964)
- The City of Union City (A 1996 calendar)
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Union City's official website
- Union City Board of Education
- School Performance Reports for the Union City Board of Education, New Jersey Department of Education
- Data for the Union City Board of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- Official Site of the Union City Reporter
- Park Performing Arts Center