Jump to content

2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel: Difference between revisions

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎top: remove space
→‎Background: fix typo "of the of the"
Line 44: Line 44:
== Background ==
== Background ==
{{further|2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|2022 Al-Aqsa clashes}}
{{further|2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|2022 Al-Aqsa clashes}}
While there have been smaller conflicts, there were no other major engagements between Hamas and Israelis since the [[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]]. An anonymous source "close to Hamas" claimed that Hamas reduced military activity in a deliberate effort to deceive Israel into believing Hamas was not a threat.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nakhoul |first1=Samia |last2=Saul |first2=Jonathan |date=10 October 2023 |title=How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-israel-was-duped-hamas-planned-devastating-assault-2023-10-08/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009020650/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-israel-was-duped-hamas-planned-devastating-assault-2023-10-08/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mohammed Deif]], commander of the of the attack, named the operation "Al-Aqsa Flood" in reference to the [[2022 Al-Aqsa clashes]], in which Israeli police raided the mosque following clashes between Palestinians and police.<ref name="2023ReutersDeifProfile">{{Cite news |last=Nakhoul |first=Samia |last2=Bassam |first2=Laila |date=2023-10-11 |title=Who is Mohammed Deif, the Hamas commander behind the attack on Israel? |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-secretive-hamas-commander-masterminded-attack-israel-2023-10-10/ |access-date=2023-10-17}}</ref>
While there have been smaller conflicts, there were no other major engagements between Hamas and Israelis since the [[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]]. An anonymous source "close to Hamas" claimed that Hamas reduced military activity in a deliberate effort to deceive Israel into believing Hamas was not a threat.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nakhoul |first1=Samia |last2=Saul |first2=Jonathan |date=10 October 2023 |title=How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-israel-was-duped-hamas-planned-devastating-assault-2023-10-08/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009020650/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-israel-was-duped-hamas-planned-devastating-assault-2023-10-08/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mohammed Deif]], commander of the attack, named the operation "Al-Aqsa Flood" in reference to the [[2022 Al-Aqsa clashes]], in which Israeli police raided the mosque following clashes between Palestinians and police.<ref name="2023ReutersDeifProfile">{{Cite news |last=Nakhoul |first=Samia |last2=Bassam |first2=Laila |date=2023-10-11 |title=Who is Mohammed Deif, the Hamas commander behind the attack on Israel? |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-secretive-hamas-commander-masterminded-attack-israel-2023-10-10/ |access-date=2023-10-17}}</ref>


Hamas militants prepared in at least six training camps across the Gaza Strip for two years before the attack. This involved conducting practice hostage takings, storming of mock Israeli settlements, and training with paragliders. [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) spokesperson Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus stated that such training facilities were "nothing new" and that Israel had "struck many training areas over the years in the different rounds of escalation."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liebermann |first=Paul P. Murphy,Tara John,Brent Swails,Oren |date=13 October 2023 |title=Hamas militants trained for its deadly attack in plain sight and less than a mile from Israel's heavily fortified border |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/12/middleeast/hamas-training-site-gaza-israel-intl/index.html |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013024259/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/12/middleeast/hamas-training-site-gaza-israel-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documents later found on killed Hamas militants revealed extensive study of communities and army bases near the Gaza-Israel border, as well as plans to maximize Israeli civilian deaths, attack youth centers and elementary schools, and capture hostages and rapidly transfer them to Gaza.<ref name=":0" />
Hamas militants prepared in at least six training camps across the Gaza Strip for two years before the attack. This involved conducting practice hostage takings, storming of mock Israeli settlements, and training with paragliders. [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) spokesperson Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus stated that such training facilities were "nothing new" and that Israel had "struck many training areas over the years in the different rounds of escalation."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liebermann |first=Paul P. Murphy,Tara John,Brent Swails,Oren |date=13 October 2023 |title=Hamas militants trained for its deadly attack in plain sight and less than a mile from Israel's heavily fortified border |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/12/middleeast/hamas-training-site-gaza-israel-intl/index.html |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013024259/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/12/middleeast/hamas-training-site-gaza-israel-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documents later found on killed Hamas militants revealed extensive study of communities and army bases near the Gaza-Israel border, as well as plans to maximize Israeli civilian deaths, attack youth centers and elementary schools, and capture hostages and rapidly transfer them to Gaza.<ref name=":0" />

Revision as of 08:03, 18 October 2023

This article is about the operation by Hamas. For the war, see 2023 Israel–Hamas war.
"7 October 2023" redirects here. For other events that happened on the same day, see 2023 § October 7.

Operation Al-Aqsa Flood
Part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

Satellite view of widespread fires in Israel on 7 October 2023.[4]
Date7 October 2023 – present
Location
Southern Israel
Status Attack repelled following heavy civilian and military casualties, full scale war followed.
Territorial
changes		 Hamas, along with other Palestinian militants, breach the Israel-Gaza barrier and occupy several kibbutzim
Belligerents
  Israel
Units involved
Strength
Al-Qassam Brigades: 2,500 infiltrated Israel[a] ~1,500 IDF and security forces in the area during attack, rising to some 10,000 by the end of the first day of attack
Casualties and losses
1,500 militants killed,[citation needed] dozens taken prisoners 294 soldiers and security forces and over 900 civilians killed[7] 200 civilians and soldiers taken captive[7]

Operation Al-Aqsa Flood (or Deluge) (Arabic: عملية طوفان الأقصى, romanized: ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā)[9][10] is a series of coordinated attacks, conducted by the Palestinian Islamist militant group[b] Hamas, from the Gaza Strip, onto bordering areas in Israel commencing on Saturday 7 October 2023 that coincided with the Jewish Shabbat and the Jewish holiday of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah that many Israeli Jews were celebrating. The attacks initiated the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, nearly fifty years to the day after the Yom Kippur War that began on 6 October 1973.

The attack began in the early morning with a rocket barrage of at least 3,000 missiles against Israel and vehicle-transported incursions into its territory.[11][12] Palestinian militants breached the Gaza–Israel barrier, slaughtering civilians in neighboring Israeli communities and attacking military bases. In a single day, over 1,200 Israelis, primarily civilians, including women and children, were killed in several towns and kibbutzim and at a music festival near the kibbutz of Re'im, where over 270 party-goers were murdered.[13][14][15][16] Around 150 Israeli civilians and soldiers were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip.[17][18] The day was described by multiple spectators and public figures, including US President Joe Biden, as the bloodiest in Israel's history and the deadliest for Jews since The Holocaust.[19][20][21][22][23][24][20]

Background

Further information: 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis and 2022 Al-Aqsa clashes

While there have been smaller conflicts, there were no other major engagements between Hamas and Israelis since the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis. An anonymous source "close to Hamas" claimed that Hamas reduced military activity in a deliberate effort to deceive Israel into believing Hamas was not a threat.[25] Mohammed Deif, commander of the attack, named the operation "Al-Aqsa Flood" in reference to the 2022 Al-Aqsa clashes, in which Israeli police raided the mosque following clashes between Palestinians and police.[26]

Hamas militants prepared in at least six training camps across the Gaza Strip for two years before the attack. This involved conducting practice hostage takings, storming of mock Israeli settlements, and training with paragliders. Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus stated that such training facilities were "nothing new" and that Israel had "struck many training areas over the years in the different rounds of escalation."[27] Documents later found on killed Hamas militants revealed extensive study of communities and army bases near the Gaza-Israel border, as well as plans to maximize Israeli civilian deaths, attack youth centers and elementary schools, and capture hostages and rapidly transfer them to Gaza.[28]

Timeline

Rocket barrages and drone strikes

See also: Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Aftermath of a rocket attack in Rishon LeZion

At around 6:30 a.m. Israel Summer Time (UTC+3) on Saturday 7 October 2023,[29] Hamas announced the start of the operation, stating that it had fired over 5,000 rockets from the Gaza Strip into Israel within a span of 20 minutes. Israeli sources reported that at least 3,000 projectiles had been launched from Gaza. At least five people were killed by the rocket attacks.[12][30][17][31] Explosions were reported in areas surrounding the Strip and in cities in the Sharon Plain including Gedera, Herzliyya,[4] Tel Aviv, and Ashkelon.[31] Air raid sirens were also activated in Beer Sheva, Jerusalem, Rehovot, Rishon Lezion, and Palmachim Airbase.[32][33][34] Hamas issued a call to arms, with senior military commander Mohammad Deif calling on "Muslims everywhere to launch an attack".[17]

Palestinian militants also opened fire on Israeli boats off the Gaza Strip, while clashes broke out between Palestinians and the Israel Defense Forces in the eastern section of the Gaza perimeter fence.[32] In the evening Hamas launched another barrage of about 150 rockets towards Israel, with explosions being reported in Yavne, Givatayim, Bat Yam, Beit Dagan, Tel Aviv, and Rishon Lezion.[30]

Incursions into Southern Israel

Further information: Battles at Re'im, Sderot, Zikim; Massacres at Re'im music festival, Be'eri, Holit, Kfar Aza, Netiv HaAsara, Nir Oz
Approximate situation on 7–8 October

Simultaneously, around 2,900[35] Palestinian militants infiltrated Israel from Gaza using trucks, pickup trucks, motorcycles, bulldozers, speedboats and paragliders.[36][29][37] Images and videos appeared to show heavily armed and masked militants dressed in black fatigues riding pickup trucks[31][34] and opening fire in Sderot, killing dozens of Israeli civilians and soldiers and setting homes on fire.[38] Other videos appeared to show Israelis taken prisoner and a burning Israeli tank,[39][17] as well as militants driving Israeli military vehicles.[31] According to reports, militants were instructed to attack civilian populations, including elementary schools and a youth center, to "kill as many people as possible", and to take hostages for use in future negotiations.[40][28][41] Militants were prepared for different contingencies, such as killing all hostages, setting houses and other properties on fire, or using hostages as human shields.[42]

Initial reports

The morning of the attack, an Israeli military spokesman stated that the militants from Gaza had entered Israel through at least seven locations[36] and invaded four small rural Israeli communities, the border city of Sderot, and two military bases from both land and sea.[37] Israeli media reported that seven communities came under Hamas control, including Nahal Oz, Kfar Aza, Magen, Be'eri, and Sufa.[43] The Erez Crossing was reported to have come under Hamas control, enabling the militants to enter Israel from Gaza.[30] Israeli Police Commissioner Kobi Shabtai said that there were 21 active high-confrontation locations in southern Israel.[44]

At 10:00 am, less than five hours after the attacks began, fighting was reported at Re'im military base, headquarters of the Gaza Division.[45][46] It was later reported that Hamas took control of the base and had taken several Israeli soldiers captive[45] before the IDF regained control later in the day.[47][48] The base was reportedly the location of IDF drone and surveillance operations. Hamas reportedly posted video of dead Israeli soldiers it had killed at the base.[49] The police station of Sderot was reported to have come under Hamas control, with militants killing 30 Israelis, including policemen and civilians.[32][50]

Further attacks on October 7

On the same morning, a massacre unfolded at an outdoor music festival near Re'im, resulting in at least 270 dead, with many still missing. Witnesses recounted militants on motorcycles opening fire on fleeing participants, who were already dispersing due to rocket fire that had wounded some attendees; some were also taken hostage.[13][51][52] Militants slaughtered civilians at Nir Oz,[34] Be'eri, and Netiv HaAsara, where they took hostages[53] and set fire to homes,[4] as well as in kibbutzim around the Gaza Strip.[4] 200 civilians were killed in the Kfar Aza massacre, 108 in the Be'eri massacre, and 15 people in the Netiv HaAsara massacre.[54][55]

Nir Am was attacked but no residents were harmed. Inbal Rabin-Lieberman, the 25-year-old security coordinator, alongside her uncle Ami, led a guard detail that killed multiple militants attempting to infiltrate a nearby chicken farm. They successfully deterred the rest of the invading militants from entering the community.[56][57][58]

Other Hamas militants carried out an amphibious landing in Zikim.[31][59] Palestinian sources claim that the local Israeli army base was stormed.[60] The IDF said it had killed two attackers on the beach and destroyed four vessels, including two rubber boats. A military base outside Nahal Oz was also taken by the militants, leaving at least two Israeli soldiers dead and at least six others captured.[61]

Hostages taken

In Be'eri, up to 50 people were taken hostage; after an 18-hour stand-off between militants and IDF forces, they were freed.[62] Hostages were also reported to have been taken in Ofakim, where policemen led by Chief Superintendent Jayar Davidov engaged Palestinian militants in a shootout;[when?] Davidov and three of his men were killed, and two Israeli hostages were later rescued by the IDF in the suburb of Urim.[62] There were reports of militants killing or kidnapping family pets.[63]

A number of hostages were taken back to Gaza. On 16 October, Hamas claimed it held 250 hostages.[64] Hamas said it took prisoners to force Israel to release its Palestinian prisoners.[65]

Supporting organizations

Several Palestinian groups voiced their support for the operation. The National Resistance Brigades, the armed wing of the secular-socialist Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) confirmed their participation in the operation through their military spokesman Abu Khaled,[66] saying it had lost three fighters in combat with the IDF.[67] The PFLP, another Palestinian socialist militant group, and the Lions' Den group voiced their support for the operation and declared maximum alertness and general mobilization amongst their troops, and the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades (armed wing of the PFLP) published videos of it storming Israeli watchtowers.[68][69]

Deaths

See also: List of journalists killed in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
Israeli UH-60 evacuating wounded personnel

At least 1,300 Israelis were killed,[70][71] including 220 soldiers and 45 police officers,[72][73] over 3,400 wounded,[74] and 130–150 IDF soldiers[75] and civilians taken hostage.[76] Israeli casualties include about 70 Arab Israelis, predominantly from Negev Bedouin communities.[77][78][79][80] On 7 October, over 100 civilians were killed in the Be'eri massacre, including women and children; and over 270 attendees were killed at a music festival in Re'im.[13] As of 10 October, over 100 people had been reported killed in the Kfar Aza massacre, with the total death toll unknown.[81] Nine people were fatally shot at a bus shelter in Sderot.[36] At least four people were reported killed in Kuseife.[30] At least 400 casualties were reported in Ashkelon,[82][34] while 280 others were reported in Beer Sheva, 60 of which were in a serious condition.[36] In the north, injuries from rocket attacks were reported in Tel Aviv.[83]

Former Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. striker Lior Asulin was among those killed in the Re'im music festival massacre.[84] The head of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council, Ofir Libstein, was killed in an exchange of fire with the militants.[85] The police commander of Rahat, Jayar Davidov, was also killed.[86] The IDF confirmed that 247 of its soldiers had been killed.[87] Among their confirmed dead were Colonel Yonatan Steinberg, the commander of the Nahal Brigade, who was killed near Kerem Shalom; Colonel Roi Levy, commander of the Multidimensional "Ghost" unit, who was killed near kibbutz Re'im;[88][89] and Lieutenant Colonel Eli Ginsberg, commander of the LOTAR Counter-terrorism Unit School.[90] The Druze deputy commander of the 300th "Baram" Regional Brigade, Lieutanant Colonel Alim Abdallah, was killed in action along with two other soldiers while responding to an infiltration from southern Lebanon on 9 October.[91]

At least 150 Israelis were taken hostage by Hamas and transported to the Gaza Strip.[92] On 8 October, Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed to be holding at least 30 captives.[93] At least four people were reportedly taken from Kfar Aza.[94] Videos from Gaza appeared to show captured people, with Gazan residents cheering trucks carrying dead bodies.[37] Four captives were later reported to have been killed in Be'eri,[95] while Hamas claimed that an IDF airstrike on Gaza on 9 October killed four captives.[96] Among those believed to have been abducted was Vivian Silver, a peace activist and former board member of the human rights organisation B'Tselem, who went missing following the attack on Be'eri.[97] Yedioth Ahronoth photographer Roy Idan was reported missing and likely captured alongside his child in Kfar Aza. His wife was killed and two of their children were able to hide in a closet until rescued.[98] On 11 October, Hamas's Qassam Brigades released a video appearing to show the release of three hostages, namely an adult woman and two children, in an open area near a fence. Israel dismissed the video as "theatrics".[99]

Evidence of torture and mutilation

Israeli forces in Kfar Aza found the bodies of victims mutilated, with women and babies beheaded in their homes. The bodies of 40 babies and young children were taken out on gurneys, out of what one estimate described as at least 100 civilian victims.[100][81][101][102][103][104][105]

According to Yossi Landau, head of the ZAKA volunteer emergency response organization, tactics displayed were severe compared to past Hamas actions, with bodies showing signs of torture and extreme violence. At one kibbutz, first responders stated that of 280 bodies recovered, around 80% showed evidence of torture. Groups of children were allegedly found tied up and burned alive. At the music festival, there was said to be mass killing but less time for torture compared to the kibbutzim. Approximately 70% of bodies were claimed to have been shot in the back.[106]

Emergency response personnel recovering the bodies reported being extremely distressed by the level of atrocities they witnessed. The remains of Hamas fighters were also handled and collected respectfully, despite the psychological difficulty for the responders in doing so given their actions.[106]

Israeli response

Main article: 2023 Israel–Hamas war

The attack, which coincided with Shabbat and the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, appeared to have been a complete surprise to the Israelis.[33] The day is considered the bloodiest in Israel's history and the deadliest for Jews since The Holocaust.[19][20]

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant conducted security assessments at Israel Defense Forces (IDF) headquarters in Tel Aviv.[34][31] Gallant later approved the mobilisation of tens of thousands of army reservists[29][31] and declared a state of emergency for areas within 80 kilometers (50 mi) of the Gaza border.[43] He also said that Hamas "made a grave mistake" in launching its attack and pledged that "Israel will win".[36] The IDF declared a "state of readiness for war".[30] It also said that the reservists were to be deployed not only in Gaza, but also in the West Bank and along the borders with Lebanon and Syria.[107] Residents in areas around the Gaza Strip were asked to stay inside, while civilians in southern and central Israel were "required to stay next to shelters".[31] Roads around the Gaza Strip were closed by the IDF.[36] The streets of Tel Aviv were also locked down.[31]

Following the assault, Israel declared a heightened state of preparedness for potential conflict.[108] The IDF declared a state of readiness for war, and Netanyahu convened an emergency gathering of security authorities. The IDF additionally reported their initiation of targeted actions in the Gaza Strip under what it called Operation Swords of Iron (or Iron Swords) (Hebrew: מבצע חרבות ברזל, romanized: Mivtsá charvót barzél).[109][110][111][30] Israeli Police Commissioner Kobi Shabtai announced that a "state of war" existed, following what he called "a massive attack from the Gaza Strip".[112] He also announced the closure of the entire southern region of Israel to "civilian movement" as well as the deployment of the Yamam counterterrorism unit to the area.[44] The IDF's chief spokesperson, Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari said four divisions were deployed to the area, augmenting 31 preexisting battalions.[36]

Israeli President Isaac Herzog said the country was facing "a very difficult moment", and offered strength and encouragement to the IDF, other security forces, rescue services, and residents who were under attack.[34] In a televised broadcast, Netanyahu stated: "We are at war."[37] He also said that the IDF would reinforce its border deployments to deter others from 'making the mistake of joining this war'.[113] In a later address, he threatened to "turn Gaza into a deserted island", and urged its residents to "leave now".[114][disputed – discuss]

While Ben Gurion Airport and Ramon Airport remained operational, multiple airlines cancelled flights to and from Israel.[115][116][117] Israel Railways suspended service throughout portions the country and replaced some routes with temporary bus routes,[118][119] while cruise ships removed ports such as Ashdod and Haifa from their itineraries.[120]

On 7 October, Israel's Security Cabinet voted to undertake a series of actions to bring about the "destruction of the military and governmental capabilities of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad", according to a statement by the Prime Minister's Office.[121] The Israel Electric Corporation, which supplies up to 80% of the Gaza Strip's electricity, cut off power to the area.[31] As a result, Gaza's power supply was reduced from 120 MW to only 20 MW, forcing it to rely on power plants paid for by the Palestinian Authority.[122]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Per Israel[8]
  2. ^ Hamas has been designated as a terrorist group by Australia, Canada, European Union, Israel, Japan, Paraguay, United States, and the United Kingdom

References

  1. ^ "الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى" [Popular Front: The US Administration's Decision to Provide Support to the Entity [Israel] Aims to Contain the Strategic Outcomes of the Battle of the Al-Aqsa Flood]. alahednews.com.lb (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Al-Qassam fighters engage IOF on seven fronts outside Gaza: Statement". Al Mayadeen English. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'". Roya News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d "Netanyahu: 'We are at war'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Palestinian Al Quds Brigades claim responsibility for attack at Lebanon-Israel border". Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Hamide Rencüs: İsrail ilk defa Gazze sınırındaki kontrolü kaybetmiş durumda" [Hamide Rencüs: Israel has lost control over the Gaza border for the first time]. bianet.org (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 265 soldiers, 48 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023. Cite error: The named reference "shinbet" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ "ההערכה: 2,500 מחבלי חמאס חדרו בשבת לישראל" [The estimate: 2,500 Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel on Saturday] (in Hebrew). News 1. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  9. ^ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (9 October 2023). "Fact Sheet: Israel and Palestine Conflict (9 October 2023)" (Press release). ReliefWeb. United Nations (UN). Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023. On Saturday, 7 October — a Jewish sabbath day, the end of the weeklong Jewish festival of Sukkot, and a day after the 50th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War — Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups launched Operation al-Aqsa Flood, a coordinated assault consisting of land and air attacks into multiple border areas of Israel.
  10. ^ United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) (7 October 2023). "UNRWA Situation Report #1 on the Situation in the Gaza Strip" (Situation Report). United Nations. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023. At 06:30 on the morning of 7 October 2023, Hamas launched "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood" with more than 5,000 rockets reportedly fired towards Israel from multiple locations in Gaza, as well as ground operation into Israel.
  11. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (17 October 2023). "The First Hours of the Israel-Hamas War: What Actually Took Place?". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Around 1,000 dead in Israel-Hamas war, as Lebanon's Hezbollah also launches strikes". South China Morning Post. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  13. ^ a b c "Témoignage d'un survivant du festival Supernova où 270 personnes ont été tuées par le Hamas" [Testimony of a survivor of the Supernova festival where 270 people were killed by Hamas]. euronews (in French). 12 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  14. ^ Gillett, Francesca (8 October 2023). "How an Israel music festival turned into a nightmare after Hamas attack". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Thousands flee rocket and gunfire at all-night desert 'Nature Party'; dozens missing". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Will Israel's agony and retribution end in chaos or stability?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  17. ^ a b c d McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Video appears to show Hamas taking Israeli civilian hostage". NBC News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Was Hamas' attack the bloodiest day for Jews since the Holocaust?". JTA. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023.
  20. ^ a b c "Hamas's attack was the bloodiest in Israel's history". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 October 2023. The most searing historical comparison predates Israel's founding. Not all of Hamas's victims were Israeli, and not all of the Israeli dead were Jewish. But under reasonable assumptions about the ethnic make-up of those killed in this and previous attacks, the last time before October 7th that this many Jews were murdered on a single day was during the Holocaust.
  21. ^ "Antisemitism Surges Around World as Israel, Hamas Clash". VOA. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  22. ^ "Hamas's massacre in Kfar Aza: 'We collect the bodies and put them in bags. It's a nightmare'". Le Monde.fr. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  23. ^ "'The worst day in our history': Lapid tells US media". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  24. ^ "Hamas attack 'deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust', says Biden, as Israeli jets pound Gaza". The Guardian. 12 October 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  25. ^ Nakhoul, Samia; Saul, Jonathan (10 October 2023). "How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  26. ^ Nakhoul, Samia; Bassam, Laila (11 October 2023). "Who is Mohammed Deif, the Hamas commander behind the attack on Israel?". Reuters. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  27. ^ Liebermann, Paul P. Murphy,Tara John,Brent Swails,Oren (13 October 2023). "Hamas militants trained for its deadly attack in plain sight and less than a mile from Israel's heavily fortified border". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ a b Schecter, Anna (14 October 2023). "'Top secret' Hamas documents show that terrorists intentionally targeted elementary schools and a youth center". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  29. ^ a b c "Palestinian fighters reported in Israel as rockets launched from Gaza". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  30. ^ a b c d e f "Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gritten, David (7 October 2023). "Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  32. ^ a b c "Israeli army declares 'state of readiness' for war". Anadolu Ajansi. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  33. ^ a b "Barrages of rockets fired from Gaza as Hamas launches unprecedented operation against Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  34. ^ a b c d e f "Militants enter Israel from Gaza after woman killed in rocket barrage". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  35. ^ Dov, Yehuda. "Huge Arsenal Of Weapons Indicate: Hamas Planned To Invade Ashkelon, Kiryat Gat". VINnews. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says". AP News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  37. ^ a b c d "Gaza and Israel in 'War Mode' After Militants Launch Surprise Assaults". The New York Times. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  38. ^ "In pictures: Scenes of war and chaos after Hamas launch surprise attack on Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  39. ^ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group launches unprecedented operation against Israel with rockets and infiltration". AP News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  40. ^ Robinson, Adele; Taylor, Jack; Elms, Victoria (13 October 2023). "'Top secret' documents seen by Sky News suggest Hamas attack may have been planned for a year". Sky News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  41. ^ Lieber, Dov; Cloud, David S. (14 October 2023). "Hamas Fighters' Orders: 'Kill as Many People as Possible'". WSJ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  42. ^ קייס, רועי; לוי, אליאור (14 October 2023). "מילות קוד לרצח וחטיפה: המסמך שחושף - כך נערך חמאס לטבח" [Code Words for Murder and Abduction: The Document Revealing How Hamas Prepared for the Massacre]. כאן 11 (in Hebrew).
  43. ^ a b Bayer, Lili; Ho, Vivian; Fulton, Adam; Yang, Maya (7 October 2023). "Israel declares state of war after Hamas fires thousands of rockets and 'militants cross border' – live". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  44. ^ a b "Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". Jordan News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023.
  45. ^ a b "At least 7 Nepali injured, 17 held captive by Hamas in Israel: Nepal's envoy". ANI. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  46. ^ Williams, Dan (7 October 2023). "How the Hamas attack on Israel unfolded". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  47. ^ "Israel says it regains control of Re'im army base". Defense Blog. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  48. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (7 October 2023). "IDF regains control of Re'im military base from Hamas terrorists in southern Israel". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  49. ^ Daniella Cheslow (10 October 2023). "Israel and the West reckon with a high-tech failure". Politico.
  50. ^ Margulies, Joanie (8 October 2023). "IDF regains control over Sderot police station". Jerusalem Post.
  51. ^ Estrin, Daniel (7 October 2023). "In surprise deadly attacks, Israel says Palestinian militants infiltrated from Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  52. ^ "Israeli music festival: 260 bodies recovered from site where people fled in hail of bullets". BBC News. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  53. ^ "Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Border town identifies at least 15 of its residents killed in Hamas attack". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  55. ^ "10 Percent of Kibbutz Population Found Dead After Hamas Massacre in Southern Israel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  56. ^ "Israeli woman hailed as a hero for killing terrorists". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  57. ^ "In Ofakim, one woman's graceful bravery offers precious solace to a grieving nation". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  58. ^ "Israeli Woman Who Helped Save a Kibbutz: 'I'm Not a Hero, I Wasn't There by Myself'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  59. ^ O'Connor, Tom (7 October 2023). "What's happening in Israel right now as it battles full-scale Hamas assault". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  60. ^ "This is How Al-Qassam's Navel Units Stormed Zakim's Fortified Military Base – VIDEO". Palestine Chronicle. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  61. ^ "Videos show new details on how Hamas launched surprise assault on Israel". CNN. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  62. ^ a b Davies, Alys (8 October 2023). "What we know about Israeli hostages taken by Hamas". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  63. ^ לשם, איתן (14 October 2023). ""הם היו בבית 3-4 ימים, חלקם בלי אוכל, חלקם לבד, לא מעט מהם הגיעו אלינו רועדים": הזוועה לא פסחה על חיות המחמד" [They were in their houses for 3-4 days, some of them without food, some of them alone, quite a few of them came to us trembling: The horror did not spare the pets]. הארץ (in Hebrew). Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  64. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (17 October 2023). "Hamas says 250 people held hostage in Gaza". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Hamas says it has enough Israeli captives to free all Palestinian prisoners". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  66. ^ ""أبو خالد" الناطق العسكري لكتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين" [[statement from] "Abu Khalid," the military spokesperson for the National Resistance Brigades (the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine).] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  67. ^ "خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية" [In a statement released just a short while ago... The National Resistance Brigades (the Martyr Omar Al-Qassem Forces), the military wing of the Democratic Front] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  68. ^ "صادر عن كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى الجناح العسكري للجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين" [Issued by the Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades, the military wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine] (in Arabic). الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  69. ^ "Side by side: Palestinian Resistance factions announce mobilization". Al Mayadeen English. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  70. ^ "Israeli death toll from Hamas shock onslaught reaches 1,300". The Times of Israel. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  71. ^ Sheils McNamee, Michael (11 October 2023). "Children among 17 Britons dead or missing in Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  72. ^ "IDF names another 31 soldiers killed since Saturday, taking confirmed military toll to 220". The Times of Israel. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  73. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 189 soldiers, 45 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  74. ^ "Israeli death toll from Hamas attack surpasses 1,000, top military officer says". The Hill. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  75. ^ "الجيش الإسرائيلي يعلن أسر "مدنيين وجنود" لدى حركة حماس" [Israeli army announces the capture of 'civilians and soldiers' by Hamas movement]. فرانس 24 / France 24 (in Arabic). 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  76. ^ Vinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (9 October 2023). "Hamas Took Scores of Hostages From Israel. Here's What We Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  77. ^ Johnston, Holly (12 October 2023). "Palestinian paramedic missing after Hamas attack at Israel music festival". The National. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Bedouin Leader in Israel Says Community Lost Lives in Attack". WSJ. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  79. ^ Sharon, Jeremy; Bachner, Michael. "Ben Gvir widely panned for warning of renewed Jewish-Arab intercommunal riots". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  80. ^ Khoury, Jack; Hasson, Nir (10 October 2023). "At least six Arab Israelis missing since Hamas attack, likely kidnapped". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  81. ^ a b "Corpses and kid's bikes, burned homes and death in kibbutz where Hamas butchered 100". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  82. ^ "'Nobody could help us' – Shock and anger in Israel's Ashkelon". BBC News. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  83. ^ Sella, Adam (8 October 2023). "Tel Aviv's residents start venturing out". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  84. ^ "Ex-soccer star Lior Asulin among those killed at nature party". The Times of Israel. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  85. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (7 October 2023). "Head of Sha'ar Hanegev council Ofir Liebstein killed in gunfight with Hamas terrorists". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  86. ^ "The Chief of the Rahat police, Sen. Giyar Davidov, was killed today". Cedar News (in Arabic). 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  87. ^ "Palestinians rush to buy food and struggle under strikes as Israel readies possible ground operation". Associated Press. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  88. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "IDF says commander of elite 'Ghost' unit among those killed in battles". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  89. ^ "Commander of IDF's Nahal Brigade killed in clashes with Hamas on Gaza border". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  90. ^ "Israel at war: IDF discloses names of personnel killed in line of duty". i24. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  91. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  92. ^ "Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas". Associated Press. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  93. ^ Pacchiani, Gianluca (8 October 2023). "Islamic Jihad leader claims terror group is holding over 30 Israeli hostages". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  94. ^ Goldenberg, Tia; Shurafa, Wafaa (8 October 2023). "Hamas fighters storm Israeli towns in surprise attack; Israel responds with deadly strikes on Gaza". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  95. ^ "Civilian hostages in Hamas custody killed in Be'eri near Gaza border, CNN verified videos show". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  96. ^ "Israeli Strikes On Gaza Kill Four 'Prisoners': Hamas". Barron's. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  97. ^ Masarwa, Lubna (9 October 2023). "Prominent Israeli peace and human rights activist missing after Palestinian attack". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  98. ^ Tzuri, Matan; El-Hai, Lior (9 October 2023). "Ynet Photographer missing with daughter, wife murdered". Ynet. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  99. ^ "Hamas video appears to show release of woman, two children". Aljazeera. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  100. ^ "Inside the Israeli border village where Hamas 'atrocities' have shocked IDF soldiers". The Independent. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  101. ^ Berman, Lazar. "'At least 40 babies killed': Foreign reporters taken to massacre site in Kfar Aza". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  102. ^ Richard, Lawrence (10 October 2023). "At least 40 babies, some beheaded, found by Israel soldiers in Hamas-attacked village" (Text.Article). Fox News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  103. ^ "BEHEADED BABIES AND WOMEN FOUND IN KFAR AZA". i24 News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  104. ^ Cohen, Joshua Zitser, Rebecca (10 October 2023). "IDF says Hamas fighters killed and decapitated babies at one kibbutz near the Gaza border". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  105. ^ "'It smells of death here': Surveying the scenes of atrocities in Kfar Aza". I24news. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  106. ^ a b Stuart Ramsay (16 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war: Recovered bodies show 'bloodthirsty' gunmen 'took time over torture' - and that Hamas has changed". Sky News. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  107. ^ "Army says it is fighting Gaza militants who entered Israel by land, sea and air". Al Arabiya. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  108. ^ "Netanyahu says 'we are at war' after major Hamas attack". The Washington Post. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  109. ^ Joshua 5:2,3 "חַרְבוֹת"
  110. ^ "Hamas-Israel War - Real Time Updates". idf.il. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  111. ^ "Two Israeli tourists and local guide shot dead in Egypt, Israel says". BBC News. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  112. ^ "Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". JordanNews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  113. ^ @netanyahu (7 October 2023). דבריי בפתח ישיבת הקבינט [My words at the beginning of the cabinet meeting:] (Tweet) (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 October 2023 – via Twitter.
  114. ^ "Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance'". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  115. ^ "Ben Gurion airport stays open as foreign airlines cancel flights". Globes. 10 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  116. ^ "More than 200 killed in unprecedented Hamas assault on Israel, 232 killed in Gaza". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  117. ^ "Israel-Hamas war live: Israel declares 'state of war' as battles rage". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  118. ^ "עדכונים ושינויים בתנועת הרכבות, עד להודעה חדשה" [Updates and changes in train traffic until further notice]. רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל [Israel Railways] (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  119. ^ Goldberg, Jeremaya (10 October 2023). "War with Gaza cuts train services in Israel". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  120. ^ Saunders, Aaron (10 October 2023). "Cruise Lines Change, Cancel Itineraries Following Israel Attack". Cruise Critic. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  121. ^ "Security cabinet says Israel will destroy military, governmental abilities of Hamas, Islamic Jihad". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  122. ^ "Israeli strikes flatten buildings, mosques in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel&oldid=1180700887"