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{{Short description|Maliki judge and Historian}}
{{Infobox writer
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Taqi al-Din al-Fasi
| religion = [[Islam]]
⚫
| honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh al-Islām]], [[Maliki]] ''Qadi'' of [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]]
| occupation = [[Ulama|Scholar]], [[faqih|Jurist]], [[muhaddith|Traditionist]], [[qadi|Judge]], [[Historian]], [[Genealogist]]
| birth_name = Muhammad ibn Ahmed al-Fasi
| era =
⚫
| birth_date = 8 September 1373
| image =
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]], now [[Saudi Arabia]]
| death_date = 6 July 1429 (aged 55)
| caption =
| name = Taqi al-Din al-Fasi<br/>({{lang|ar|ابن بطال}})
| death_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]], now [[Saudi Arabia]]
⚫
| title = [[Shaykh al-Islām]]<br/>[[Maliki]] ''Qadi'' of [[Mecca]]<br/>[[Hafiz (Quran)|Al-Ḥāfiẓ]]
| resting_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]], now [[Saudi Arabia]]
⚫
| birth_date = 8 September 1373
| notableworks = Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn (العقد الثمين فى تاريخ البلد الأمين)
| birth_place = [[Mecca]]
| death_date = 6 July 1429 (aged 55)
| death_place = [[Mecca]]
| ethnicity =
| region = [[Hejaz]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Maliki]]
| creed = [[Ash'ari]]
| main_interests =
| notable_ideas =
| works = '''''Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn'''''
| influences = [[Malik ibn Anas]]<br/>[[Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari]]<br/>[[Zain al-Din al-Iraqi]]<br/>[[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]]<br/>[[Nur al-Din al-Haythami]]<br/>[[Firuzabadi]]
| influenced =
}}
}}


'''Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi''' ({{lang-ar | تقي الدين أبي الطيب محمد بن أحمد الفاسي}}, 8 September 1373, in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]] – 6 July 1429, in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]]) was an Arab [[Muslim]] scholar, [[Muhaddith|hafith]], [[faqih]], [[historian]], and [[Maliki]] [[qadi]] (judge) in [[Mecca]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn Fahd|first=Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad|title=Laḥẓ al-Alḥāẓ bi-Dhayl Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥuffāẓ|pages=291}}</ref>
'''Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi''' ({{lang-ar | تقي الدين أبي الطيب محمد بن أحمد الفاسي}}, 8 September 1373, in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]] – 6 July 1429, in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]]) was an Arab [[Muslim]] scholar, [[muhaddith]] (hadith scholar), [[faqih]] (jurist), [[historian]], [[genealogist]] and a [[Maliki]] [[qadi]] (judge) in [[Mecca]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Adam Marlow|title=Muslim Names: Islamic Boys and Girls Names with Arabic and English|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Muslim_Names/0Sj3AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Taqi+al+-+Din+al+-+Fasi+-+Taqi+al+-+Din+al+-+Fasi+was+a+Muslim+scholar&pg=PT70&printsec=frontcover|publisher=[[D-Scribe Digital Publishing]]|isbn=9781780410432}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Reuven Amitai]], [[Albrecht Fuess]]|title=The Mamluk Sultanate from the Perspective of Regional and World History: Economic, Social and Cultural Development in an Era of Increasing International Interaction and Competition|date=17 June 2019|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|isbn=9783847004110|page=19}}</ref>


He is best known for his works on the history of [[Mecca]] and its rulers and notable natives, which reached around 18 works.<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-dāmigh|first=Fahd ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Muḥammad |title=Taqī al-Dīn al-Fasi wa-manhajuhu fī al-tadwīn al-tārīkhī ʻinda al-ʻArab|year=1991|pages=142}}</ref> He also wrote on the genealogies of some Arab tribes of [[Tihamah]].
He is best known for his work on the history of [[Mecca]] entitled ''Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn'' which reached around 18 volumes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-dāmigh|first=Fahd ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Muḥammad |title=Taqī al-Dīn al-Fasi wa-manhajuhu fī al-tadwīn al-tārīkhī ʻinda al-ʻArab|year=1991|pages=142}}</ref> He also wrote on the genealogies of some Arab tribes of [[Tihamah]].


== Life ==
==Family background==
He was born on Thursday, 8 September 1373 in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], now [[Saudi Arabia]], but spent part of his early life in [[Medina]] He eventually returned to Mecca where he took knowledge from its scholars.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hīlah|first=Muḥammad al-Ḥabīb|title=al-Tārīkh wa-al-muʼarrikhūn bi-Makkah min al-qarn al-thālith al-Hijrī ilá al-qarn al-thālith ʻashar : jamʻ wa-ʻarḍ wa-taʻrīf|year=1994|pages=114}}</ref> His family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] through his grandson, [[Hasan ibn Ali]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meloy|first=John Lash|date=2015-04-01|title=al-Fāsī, Taqī l-Dīn|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/al-fasi-taqi-l-din-COM_27018?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Al-L|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE|language=en}}</ref> He was a teacher of Maliki fiqh at the [[Ghiyathiyyah Madrasah]] in Makkah, which was considered one of the best Islamic institutions in the country and was funded by the [[Sultan of Bengal]] [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]].<ref name=siddiq>{{cite book|title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494)|last=Siddiq|first=Mohammad Yusuf|year=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Ghiyasia Madrasa|author=Abdul Karim}}</ref> He went blind four years before his death in 1425 AD. He died on Wednesday 6 July 1429 at the age of 55 in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula]], now [[Saudi Arabia]].
His family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] through his grandson, [[Hasan ibn Ali]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meloy|first=John Lash|date=2015-04-01|title=al-Fāsī, Taqī l-Dīn|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/al-fasi-taqi-l-din-COM_27018?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Al-L|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE|language=en}}</ref>

In the year 679 AH, Taqi al-Din al-Fasi's great grandfather, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al-Fassi left [[Morocco]], traveling to Mecca, which he entered in the year 686 AH. He took care of his three sons, Muhammad, Ahmed, and Ali (Al-Fassi’s grandfather) and raised them to love knowledge, so they became among the scholars of Mecca, and in turn they produced scholars. Among them was Ahmed bin Ali (father of Al-Fassi), one of the senior muftis in Mecca, in addition to his mandate as a representative judiciary. In the eighth century AH, the al-Fassi family became one of the largest families in Mecca, and supported its scholarly influence by intermarriage with large families in Mecca. The sister of the historian Taqi al-Din al-Fassi, Umm Hani, married the [[Sharif of Mecca|Emir of Mecca]], Sayyid Hassan Ibn Ajlan.<ref name="scholar">{{cite web|url=https://makkawi.azurewebsites.net/Article/495/مؤرخ-ومدينة-الفاسي-مؤرخ-مكة-المكرمة|title=Historian and city of al-Fasi... Historian of Mecca|publisher=[[Al-Jarida]]|archive-url=https://archive.ph/qJGMl|archive-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>

==Life==
He was born on Thursday, 8 September 1373 in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], now [[Saudi Arabia]], but spent part of his early life in [[Medina]] with his mother after her divorce from his father. He eventually returned to Mecca as a young man where he took knowledge from its scholars, and in the year 789 AH he completed memorizing the Holy Qur’an and led the people in [[Tarawih|Tarawih prayers]] in the [[Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hīlah|first=Muḥammad al-Ḥabīb|title=al-Tārīkh wa-al-muʼarrikhūn bi-Makkah min al-qarn al-thālith al-Hijrī ilá al-qarn al-thālith ʻashar : jamʻ wa-ʻarḍ wa-taʻrīf|year=1994|pages=114}}</ref>

Starting in the year 796 AH, al-Fassi began his scientific journey, travelling between [[Medina]], [[Jerusalem]], [[Damascus]], [[Cairo]], and [[Alexandria]]. Two of the four trips he made to [[Egypt]] and the [[Levant]] lasted three years. is sheikhs were numerous and their specializations and countries varied as a result of his continuous travels. The number of his sheikhs reached more than 500 scholars, as stated in his index. Among his most famous teachers who were among the greatest [[ulama]] of his era include: [[Zain al-Din al-Iraqi]], [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]], [[Nur al-Din al-Haythami]], and [[Firuzabadi]].<ref name="scholar" />

After completing his academic career, he became a teacher of [[Maliki]] [[fiqh]] at the [[Ghiyathiyyah Madrasah]] in Mecca, which was considered one of the best Islamic institutions in the country and was funded by the [[Sultan of Bengal]] [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]].<ref name=siddiq>{{cite book|title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494)|last=Siddiq|first=Mohammad Yusuf|year=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Ghiyasia Madrasa|author=Abdul Karim}}</ref> He would also teach in the Grand Mosque of Mecca in the year 800 AH, and after seven years he assumed the position of [[Qadi]] of Malikiyah in Mecca for ten consecutive years until the year 817 AH, when he was dismissed as a result of competition and intrigues against him. This was the fate of his contemporary [[Ibn Khaldun]] when he was removed from the position of judge in [[Cairo]].<ref name="scholar" />

He went blind four years before his death in 1425 AD. He died on Wednesday 6 July 1429 at the age of 55 in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula]], now [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="scholar" />

==Reception==
[[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] described him at the time as: “the benefactor of the Hijaz country and its scholar.”<ref name="scholar" />

As for Al-Maqrizi, the historian of Egypt said: “He is a sea of ​​knowledge and a treasure trove of benefits... and he did not leave behind anyone like him in the Hijaz.”<ref name="scholar" />

⚫
==Works==
al-Fasi was a prolific writer who wrote numerous works on hadith, jurisprudence, history, genealogy, tasawwuf, etc. His famous works include:<ref name="scholar" />


⚫
== Works ==
* ''Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn'' (العقد الثمين فى تاريخ البلد الأمين): His largest and most important work, and probably the largest in the field of Meccan history, where he compiled the biographies of Meccans from the early days of Islam up until his time.
* ''Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn'' (العقد الثمين فى تاريخ البلد الأمين): His largest and most important work, and probably the largest in the field of Meccan history, where he compiled the biographies of Meccans from the early days of Islam up until his time.
* ''Shifāʼ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām'' (شفاء الغرام بأخبار البلد الحرام)
* ''Shifāʼ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām'' (شفاء الغرام بأخبار البلد الحرام)
Line 25: Line 56:
* ''Dhayl al-taqīīd fī rūāh al-sunan wa al-masānīd'' (ذيل التقييد بمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد)
* ''Dhayl al-taqīīd fī rūāh al-sunan wa al-masānīd'' (ذيل التقييد بمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد)


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Maliki scholars}}
{{Maliki scholars}}
{{Ash'ari}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Fasi, Taqi al-Din}}
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[[Category:Asharis]]
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[[Category:15th-century Moroccan historians]]
[[Category:15th-century Moroccan historians]]
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[[Category:14th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:14th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:14th-century Moroccan historians]]
[[Category:14th-century Moroccan historians]]



{{Islamic-scholar-stub}}
{{Islamic-scholar-stub}}

Revision as of 15:13, 19 June 2024

Taqi al-Din al-Fasi
(ابن بطال)
TitleShaykh al-Islām
Maliki Qadi of Mecca
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Personal
Born8 September 1373
Mecca
Died6 July 1429 (aged 55)
Mecca
ReligionIslam
RegionHejaz
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki
CreedAsh'ari
Notable work(s)Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn
OccupationScholar, Jurist, Traditionist, Judge, Historian, Genealogist
Muslim leader
Influenced by

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi (Arabic: تقي الدين أبي الطيب محمد بن أحمد الفاسي, 8 September 1373, in Mecca, Hejaz – 6 July 1429, in Mecca, Hejaz) was an Arab Muslim scholar, muhaddith (hadith scholar), faqih (jurist), historian, genealogist and a Maliki qadi (judge) in Mecca.[1][2]

He is best known for his work on the history of Mecca entitled Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn which reached around 18 volumes.[3] He also wrote on the genealogies of some Arab tribes of Tihamah.

Family background

His family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson, Hasan ibn Ali.[4]

In the year 679 AH, Taqi al-Din al-Fasi's great grandfather, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al-Fassi left Morocco, traveling to Mecca, which he entered in the year 686 AH. He took care of his three sons, Muhammad, Ahmed, and Ali (Al-Fassi’s grandfather) and raised them to love knowledge, so they became among the scholars of Mecca, and in turn they produced scholars. Among them was Ahmed bin Ali (father of Al-Fassi), one of the senior muftis in Mecca, in addition to his mandate as a representative judiciary. In the eighth century AH, the al-Fassi family became one of the largest families in Mecca, and supported its scholarly influence by intermarriage with large families in Mecca. The sister of the historian Taqi al-Din al-Fassi, Umm Hani, married the Emir of Mecca, Sayyid Hassan Ibn Ajlan.[5]

Life

He was born on Thursday, 8 September 1373 in Mecca, Hejaz, now Saudi Arabia, but spent part of his early life in Medina with his mother after her divorce from his father. He eventually returned to Mecca as a young man where he took knowledge from its scholars, and in the year 789 AH he completed memorizing the Holy Qur’an and led the people in Tarawih prayers in the Masjid al-Haram.[6]

Starting in the year 796 AH, al-Fassi began his scientific journey, travelling between Medina, Jerusalem, Damascus, Cairo, and Alexandria. Two of the four trips he made to Egypt and the Levant lasted three years. is sheikhs were numerous and their specializations and countries varied as a result of his continuous travels. The number of his sheikhs reached more than 500 scholars, as stated in his index. Among his most famous teachers who were among the greatest ulama of his era include: Zain al-Din al-Iraqi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Nur al-Din al-Haythami, and Firuzabadi.[5]

After completing his academic career, he became a teacher of Maliki fiqh at the Ghiyathiyyah Madrasah in Mecca, which was considered one of the best Islamic institutions in the country and was funded by the Sultan of Bengal Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah.[7][8] He would also teach in the Grand Mosque of Mecca in the year 800 AH, and after seven years he assumed the position of Qadi of Malikiyah in Mecca for ten consecutive years until the year 817 AH, when he was dismissed as a result of competition and intrigues against him. This was the fate of his contemporary Ibn Khaldun when he was removed from the position of judge in Cairo.[5]

He went blind four years before his death in 1425 AD. He died on Wednesday 6 July 1429 at the age of 55 in Mecca, Hejaz, Arabian Peninsula, now Saudi Arabia.[5]

Reception

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani described him at the time as: “the benefactor of the Hijaz country and its scholar.”[5]

As for Al-Maqrizi, the historian of Egypt said: “He is a sea of ​​knowledge and a treasure trove of benefits... and he did not leave behind anyone like him in the Hijaz.”[5]

Works

al-Fasi was a prolific writer who wrote numerous works on hadith, jurisprudence, history, genealogy, tasawwuf, etc. His famous works include:[5]

  • Al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn (العقد الثمين فى تاريخ البلد الأمين): His largest and most important work, and probably the largest in the field of Meccan history, where he compiled the biographies of Meccans from the early days of Islam up until his time.
  • Shifāʼ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām (شفاء الغرام بأخبار البلد الحرام)
  • Al-Muqniʻ min akhbār al-mulūk wa-al-khulafāʼ wa-wulāt Makkah al-shurafā (المقنع من أخبار الملوك والخلفاء وولاة مكة الشرفاء)
  • Al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafah min tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah (الزهور المقتطفة من تاريخ مكة المشرفة)
  • Dhayl al-taqīīd fī rūāh al-sunan wa al-masānīd (ذيل التقييد بمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد)

References

  1. ^ Adam Marlow. Muslim Names: Islamic Boys and Girls Names with Arabic and English. D-Scribe Digital Publishing. ISBN 9781780410432.
  2. ^ Reuven Amitai, Albrecht Fuess (17 June 2019). The Mamluk Sultanate from the Perspective of Regional and World History: Economic, Social and Cultural Development in an Era of Increasing International Interaction and Competition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 19. ISBN 9783847004110.
  3. ^ Al-dāmigh, Fahd ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Muḥammad (1991). Taqī al-Dīn al-Fasi wa-manhajuhu fī al-tadwīn al-tārīkhī ʻinda al-ʻArab. p. 142.
  4. ^ Meloy, John Lash (2015-04-01). "al-Fāsī, Taqī l-Dīn". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Historian and city of al-Fasi... Historian of Mecca". Al-Jarida. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024.
  6. ^ Hīlah, Muḥammad al-Ḥabīb (1994). al-Tārīkh wa-al-muʼarrikhūn bi-Makkah min al-qarn al-thālith al-Hijrī ilá al-qarn al-thālith ʻashar : jamʻ wa-ʻarḍ wa-taʻrīf. p. 114.
  7. ^ Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015). Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494). Routledge.
  8. ^ Abdul Karim (2012). "Ghiyasia Madrasa". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
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