Brazil–China relations: Difference between revisions
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==Politics== |
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Brazil and China were both in the high potential investment package from Goldman Sachs which was called the BRIC-countries. This classification has lead to the BRICS organisation which promotes third world development and cooperation. Brazil and China share trade agreements and have mutual high profile official presidential visits. |
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The growing economic and political relationship between the two countries was confirmed by the visit of Lula to China in 2004 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Sino-Brazilian diplomatic relations. This visit was particularly fruitful as some 400 Brazilian entrepreneurs took part in the visit to establish commercial ties. President Hu Jintao repaid the honours in November 2004 to revisit Brazil and to sign a memorandum of understanding. This memo involved recognition of market status of China, and many other specific agreements on several projects involving energy, steel, coal production, bauxite and aluminium exploitation, and even a joint venture to explore oil in Iran and Ecuador between Petrobras and Sinopec. |
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==Economics== |
==Economics== |
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Revision as of 20:27, 18 May 2011
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Brazil – People's Republic of China relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Brazil and the People's Republic of China. Relations between Brazil and China began in the early nineteenth century and continued until 1949, when they were disrupted by the creation of the People's Republic of China. Diplomatic relations between China and Brazil officially began in 1974 with agreement on the establishment and operation of Brazil’s Embassy in Beijing and China’s Embassy in Brasilia. Since then, bilateral ties have witnessed a smooth development in all fields.
The growing economic and political relationship between the two countries was confirmed by Lula’s visit to China, which included 450 Brazilian business representatives. Brazilian foreign minister Celso Amorim noted that the growing relationship could be part of a ‘reconfiguration of the world’s commercial and diplomatic geography’[1].
History
An early joint undertaking involving Brazil and China began in 1812, when Queen Maria I of Portugal, then based in Brazil, imported Chinese laborers to work on a tea plantation near Rio de Janeiro. In 1900, a fresh wave of immigrants from China settled in São Paulo.[2] Formal relations ended with the 1949 Chinese Revolution and were re-established in 1974. [2] In the 21st century Brazilian businessmen have been somewhat frustrated by what the Financial Times have described as a slow pace of development for some aspects of the relationship. For example, Brazil officially recognised China as a market economy in 2004 but by 2009 the corresponding changes to the trading arrangements had not been implemented. However agreement had been reached on a wide range of issues, and an outstanding personal relationship had been established between the two nation's presidents. In 2010 the second BRIC Summit was held in Brazil, with proposals made for increased cooperation between Brazil and China on political and trade related issues as well as energy, mining, financial services and agriculture. [3] [4]
Politics
Brazil and China were both in the high potential investment package from Goldman Sachs which was called the BRIC-countries. This classification has lead to the BRICS organisation which promotes third world development and cooperation. Brazil and China share trade agreements and have mutual high profile official presidential visits. The growing economic and political relationship between the two countries was confirmed by the visit of Lula to China in 2004 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Sino-Brazilian diplomatic relations. This visit was particularly fruitful as some 400 Brazilian entrepreneurs took part in the visit to establish commercial ties. President Hu Jintao repaid the honours in November 2004 to revisit Brazil and to sign a memorandum of understanding. This memo involved recognition of market status of China, and many other specific agreements on several projects involving energy, steel, coal production, bauxite and aluminium exploitation, and even a joint venture to explore oil in Iran and Ecuador between Petrobras and Sinopec.
Economics
China became Brazil's largest trading partner in 2009.[5] [3] Former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and many in the Brazilian media consider China to be "Brazil’s most promising business partner and a strategic ally" due to China's "rapidly rising demand for raw materials and agricultural produce".[6] Bilateral trade grew from US$ 6.7 billion in 2003 to US$ 36.7 billion in 2009.[7]
In 2010, despite the generally friendly and close relationship, Brazil was one of the few emerging economies to publicly criticise China's policy in relation to the so called Currency war. Brazil has called for China to allow a faster appreciation of her currency, which would help other countries to better compete against Chinese exports. Brazil also criticised US policy, saying both China and the US should seek to avoid escalating economic tension concerning trade and currency. [8] [9]
Timeline
 | This section contains a list of miscellaneous information. (January 2011) |
 | This section may have been copied and pasted from another location, possibly in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy. (May 2011) |
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1974 | Agreement on the Establishment and Operation of Brazil’s Embassies in Beijing and China’s Embassies in Brasilia |
| 1982 | Agreement for Cooperation of Science and Technology |
| 1988 | Agreement for Exchange of Notes on the Joint Research and Building of the Chinese Brazilian Remote Sensing Satellite |
| 1997 | Agreement on Air Services |
| 2001 | Chinese President Jiang Zemin visited Brazil |
| May 2004 | Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva visited China |
| June 2006 | Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the Sub-commission on Energy and Mineral Resources within the Brazil-China High-level Coordination and Cooperation Commission, between the Ministry of Mines and Energy from the Federative Republic of Brazil and the State Development and Reform Commission from the People’s Republic of China |
| November 2006 | Agreement on the Strengthening of Cooperation in the Area of Implementation of Construction Infrastructure |
| February 2009 | Protocol between the Federative Republic of Brazil and People’s Republic of China for Cooperation on Energy and Mining |
| May 2009 | Joint Action Plan, cooperation on areas: political, economic and trade, energy and mining, financial, agricultural, industry and information technology, space cooperation, cultural and educational. According to the Joint Action Plan, Brazil and China will cooperate in World Trade Organization negotiations, especially in agriculture and also jointly oppose protectionism |
| May 2009 | Memorandum of Understanding on Oil, Equipment and Financing |
| April 2010 | Brazil and China Joint Action Plan 2010-2014 April 15, 2010 |
| Source: | Secretariat for Social Communication Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil[10] |
See also
References
- ^ Harris, Jerry (2005). "Emerging third world powers: China, India and Brazil". Race & Class. 46 (3): 7–27.
- ^ a b Some Recent Features of Brazil-China Economic Relations CEBC.org, April 2009
- ^ a b Jonathan Wheatley (2009-05-19). "Brazil and China cement ties". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ By Jonathan Wheatley in Brasília and Jamil Anderlini,in Beijing (2010-04-16). "China and Brazil to boost co-operation". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ Malcolm Moore, China overtakes the US as Brazil's largest trading partner, The Telegraph, 9 May 2009
- ^ Economic Relations between Brazil and China: A Difficult Partnership Friedrich Ebert Foundation, January 2006
- ^ In Brazil, Hu Jintao aims for bigger piece of Latin America trade Christian Science Monitor, 15 April 2010
- ^ Geoff Dyer (2010-04-10). "Brazil and India join renminbi call". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ Jonathan Wheatley and Joe Leahy in São Paulo (2011-01-09). "Trade war looming, warns Brazil". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
- ^ "Brazil-China Trade Relations". Brazilian Government. Retrieved 6th may 2011.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)
External links
- China to reinforce strategic partnership with Brazil: envoy People's Daily, 2 January 2011
- Bridging the Distance: Brazil and China Relations in the Age of Globalization International Studies Association May 6, 2009
- The Panda Hugs the Tucano: China’s Relations with Brazil The Jamestown Foundation, 15 May 2009
- Brazil's China Headache Council on Foreign Relations, 14 December 2009
- 'New Stage in Relations': China, Brazil to Build, Launch Earth Satellite Los Angeles Times, 8 July 2008
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