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China–Solomon Islands relations

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China–Solomon Islands relations
Map indicating locations of China and Solomon Islands

China
Solomon Islands
Envoy
His Excellency Ambassador Cai WeimingAmbassador Barrett Salato

Solomon Islands and the People's Republic of China established official diplomatic relations in 2019. Prior to this, Solomon Islands had diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, otherwise known as Taiwan.

Since December 2023, the ambassador of China to Solomon Islands is Cai Weiming.[1][2] As of 28 December 2023, the ambassador of Solomon Islands to China is Barrett Salato.[3]

History

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Solomon Islands, formerly the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, gained its independence in 1978 and became known as Solomon Islands.

Five years later, in 1983, Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC) which it maintained until 2019 when Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare severed the 36-year relationship with the Taiwanese government and began official recognition and diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC).[4] The Guardian and national newspaper the Solomon Star reported that Solomon Islands MPs had claimed both the PRC and ROC had offered hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes to them, to influence the politics in their favour.[5][6] A series of demonstrations and violent riots followed the government's decision leading to a 36-hour lockdown in the capital, a number of buildings were burnt down, and the deployment of police.[7][8][9] Deakin University Professor Matthew Clarke deemed the switch an important step for China's Belt and Road Initiative goals.[4]

In 2006, riots in the Solomon Islands resulted in the destruction of more than 60 Chinese-owned shops and prompted the Chinese government to evacuate 310 Chinese citizens.[10]: 79 

Contemporary relations

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Lease of Tulagi

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In September 2019, Chinese state-owned conglomerate China Sam Enterprise Group secretly signed a lease agreement with the Tulagi provincial government for exclusive rights to the entire island. leaked details of the agreement revealed provisions for a fishery base, operations centre, an airport, and an oil and gas terminal.[11][12] A month later, the Solomon Islands attorney general overturned the agreement, citing trespass on national government powers, the failure of China Sam to register as a foreign investor, and the lack of vital details including a timeline.[12]

Security pact

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In March 2022, China and the Solomon Islands signed a draft security pact that, according to leaked photos, allows Honiara to ask Beijing to send in law enforcement and military personnel to the Solomon Islands to assist in "maintaining social order" or "protecting people's lives and property".[13][14] The deal also permits Chinese ships to conduct replenish and stopover in the Solomon Islands and to use the "relevant forces of China" to "protect the safety of Chinese personnel and other major projects in Solomon Islands" and to allow for aerial surveillance of the Pacific islands and Australia.[15][unreliable source?][better source needed]

The government of the Solomon Islands announced the agreement was part of an effort to "respond to Solomon Islands' soft and hard domestic threats" as part of the nation's national security strategy, referring to the violent 2021 Solomon Islands unrest over the Prime Minister's decision to switch recognition from the ROC to the PRC.[9] The Australian government, being both a neighbour of the Solomon Islands and a strategic rival to China, voiced great concern over this development.[16] Particularly, Australia and some of its allies including New Zealand were concerned that this might be the start of permanent Chinese military bases being placed near Australia.[17][18] Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said the pact was "a reminder of the constant pressure and threats that present in our region to our own national security".[19] Similar, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern expressed concern that the security pact would lead to the militarisation of the South Pacific.[18] In February 2024, Al Jazeera reported that the New Zealand Government had lobbied French Polynesian and New Caledonian officials into taking a position on the Chinese—Solomon Islands security pact.[20]

Visit by Wang Yi

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In May 2022, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited Solomon Islands as his first stop of a ten-nation tour in the Pacific. With only select media allowed to cover the event, the Media Association of Solomon Islands boycotted in protest.[21] Yi's visit, part of an effort to sign a sweeping security and economic agreement with each of the small Pacific nations, was described by Solomon Islands Secretary of Foreign Affairs Jermiah Manele as a "milestone in the relations" between Solomon Islands and PRC.[22][23]

Deal with Huawei

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In August 2022, the government of Solomon Islands accepted a $66 million (USD) loan from the People's Republic of China to have Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei construct 161 mobile phone towers in Solomon Islands, celebrated as "a historic financial partnership".[24][25] Previously, in 2018, Solomon Islands awarded Huawei a contract to build a telecommunications cable network prompting the Australian government to intervene.[25] The government of Solomon Islands claimed it hoped to repay the loan within 11 years, however this loan and the Chinese issued Tina Hydro Project loan raised the Solomon Islands national debt from 15% of GDP to 30%. A 2019 Central Bank of Solomon Islands report prior to the loan warned that the country didn't have the capacity to take further loans from the PRC.[25] In October, Opposition leader Matthew Wale urged the government to scrap the loans and claimed that they were paying for technology that will be obsolete far before the government pays off the loan. Wales also asked the government to publish a report by consulting firm KPMG which highlights Huawei's entitlement to 50% of revenue over ten years.[26]

Other activity

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In August 2022, Solomon Islands turned away a U.S. Coast Guard ship and British Royal Navy ship claiming to have placed a moratorium on all foreign military ships pending further review, raising fears that Solomon Islands was turning away from western nations in favour of China.[27]

China offered money for Daniel Suidani's life treatment if he stopped opposing Chinese operations in Malatia. Suidani refused and eventually was treated by Taiwan.[28] Hon. Matthew Wale, leader of the opposition was dismayed by this.[29]

2024 elections in the Solomon Islands and implications

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Cleo Paskal of The National Interest reflected that the elections in the Solomon Islands will have major strategic implications in the struggle between the United States and China over influence in the Pacific.[28] According to The National Interest, Solomon Islanders voted for change yet due to Solomon Islands' political structure, politicians sympathetic to China assumed power.[28]

Effective 1 December 2024, China eliminated tariffs for goods imported from all of the countries that the United Nations categorizes as least developed and with which China has diplomatic relations, including the Solomon Islands.[30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "大使致辞" [Ambassador's speech]. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Solomon Islands (in Chinese). 11 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  2. ^ admi, ids (13 December 2023). "New Chinese ambassador pledges to promote relations". In-depth Solomons. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Ambassador Barrett Salato presents copy of Credentials to China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Solomon Islands Government. 28 December 2023. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  4. ^ a b Cavanough, Edward (7 December 2019). "When China came calling: inside the Solomon Islands switch". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  5. ^ Saeni, Wilson (12 July 2021). "Pro-China MPs' $1m attempt to bribe Malaita Premier fails". Solomon Star. Auki. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  6. ^ Cavanough, Edward (7 December 2019). "China and Taiwan offered us huge bribes, say Solomon Islands MPs". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  7. ^ "Solomon Islands police find three bodies after violent protests". Shropshire Star. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  8. ^ "Three bodies found after days of unrest in Solomon Islands". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Police use tear gas in Solomon Islands – Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 25 November 2021. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  10. ^ Meng, Wenting (2024). Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding. Ibidem. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9783838219073.
  11. ^ Cave, Damien (16 October 2019). "China Is Leasing an Entire Pacific Island. Its Residents Are Shocked". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  12. ^ a b Cave, Damien (24 October 2022). "Chinese Lease of Entire Island Is Deemed Illegal in Solomons". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Solomon Islands signs China pact, defying Australia". Taipei Times. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  14. ^ Kim, Patricia M. (6 May 2022). "Does the China-Solomon Islands security pact portend a more interventionist Beijing?". Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  15. ^ Dr. Anna Powles [@annapowles] (24 March 2022). "The draft security cooperation agreement between China and Solomon Islands has been linked on social media and raises a lot of questions (and concerns). (photos of agreement in this and below tweet)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ McKeith, Sam. "'Great concern' over China-Solomon Islands deal: Australia PM". MSN. Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  17. ^ McCarthy, Simone; Yee, Lizzy (25 March 2022). "Solomon Islands reassures Australia as it works on China security deal". MSN. CNN. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Pacific tensions: NZ raising concerns with China, Australia 'freaking out' over Solomon Islands". The New Zealand Herald. 28 March 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  19. ^ "China, Solomons ink draft of controversial security pact". Associated Press. 31 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  20. ^ Hale, Erin (29 February 2024). "New Zealand lobbied French on Solomon Islands-China pact, cables show". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  21. ^ Perry, Nick (26 May 2022). "China's foreign minister starts Pacific tour in the Solomons". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  22. ^ "China's Foreign Minister Starts Pacific Tour in Solomons". Voice of America. Associated Press. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  23. ^ "China says it has 'no intention' of building military base in Solomon Islands, Penny Wong visits Fiji as part of Pacific reset". ABC News (Australia). 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  24. ^ "Solomon Islands Secures $66 Mn Chinese Loan For Huawei Deal". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 19 August 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  25. ^ a b c Kekea, Georgina (18 August 2022). "Solomon Islands secures $100m China loan to build Huawei mobile towers in historic step". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  26. ^ "Wale calls on gov't to publish KPMG report on Huawei towers project". Solomon Star. 5 October 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  27. ^ Wong, Edward (30 August 2022). "Solomon Islands Suspends Visits by Foreign Military Ships, Raising Concerns in the U.S." The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  28. ^ a b c Cleo Paskal, Grant Newsham (13 May 2024). "How China is Winning the Solomon Islands". The National Interest. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  29. ^ "Wale Condemns Politicization of Premier Suidani's Health - Solomon Times Online". SolomonTimes.com. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  30. ^ "China sharpens edge in global trade with zero-tariff deal for developing world". South China Morning Post. 29 October 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
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