Sarandë: Difference between revisions

Sarandë

Saranda
Sarandë Saranda
Municipality and City
	Beach in Saranda
Country	Albania
County	Vlorë County
District	Sarandë District
Government
• Mayor	Stefan Çipa (PS)
Elevation	0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Population (2009)
• Total	37,757
Time zone	UTC+1 (Central European Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	9701-9703
Area code	085
Website	www.bashkiasarande.gov.al

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 22:40, 3 March 2013

39°52.5′N 20°0.6′E / 39.8750°N 20.0100°E / 39.8750; 20.0100

Saranda or Sarandë (Greek: Άγιοι Σαράντα, Agioi Saranda; Turkish: Aya Sarandi; Italian: Santi Quaranta) is the capital of the District of Sarandë, Albania, and is one of the most important tourist attractions of the Albanian Riviera. It is situated on an open sea gulf of the Ionian Sea in the central Mediterranean, about 14 km (8.7 mi) east of the north end of the Greek island of Corfu. The city of Saranda has a population of about 30,000 (2001 estimate).^[2] Near Sarandë are the remains of the ancient city of Butrint, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Alongside its ethnic Albanian majority, Sarandë is home to an ethnic Greek minority and is considered one of the centers of the Greek minority in Albania.

Name

Saranda's current name derives from the name of the Byzantine monastery of the Agioi Saranda (Greek: Άγιοι Σαράντα), meaning the "Forty Saints" and honoring the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. Under Turkish rule, this became Aya Sarandi and then Sarandoz. Owing to Venetian influence in the region, it often appeared under its Italian name Santi Quaranta on Western maps.^[3] This usage continued even after the establishment of the Principality of Albania, owing to the first Italian occupation of the region. During the second occupation in World War II, Benito Mussolini changed the name to Porto Edda, in honor of his eldest daughter.^[4]^[5] Following the restoration of Albanian independence, the city employed its Albanian name Saranda.^[6]

History

In antiquity the city was known by the ancient Greek name of Onchesmos or Anchiasmos ^[7]^[8]^[9] and was inhabited by the Greek tribe of the Chaonians.^[10] Onchesmos flourished as the port of the Chaonian capital Phoenice^[11]^[12] (modern-day Finiq). In AD 552, it experienced repeated attacks from the Goths.^{[citation needed]}

In 1878, a Greek rebellion broke out, with revolutionaries taking control of Sarandë and Delvinë. This was suppressed by the Ottoman troops, who burned twenty villages in the region.^[13] The town was included in the newly formed Albanian state in 1913 under the terms of the Protocol of Florence.^[14]

It was occupied twice by Greece in 1913 and from 1914 to 1916, the second time by Greek insurgents from the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus. It was then occupied by Italy between 1916 and 1920 as part of the Italian Protectorate on southern Albania.^[15] Sarandë was again occupied by Italian forces in 1939 and was a strategic port during the Italian invasion of Greece. During this occupation, it was called "Porto Edda" in honor of the eldest daughter of Benito Mussolini.

As part of Northern Epirus, the city came under Greek rule on 6 December 1940 until the German invasion in Greece in April 1941. On October 9, 1944 the town was captured by a group of British commandos under Brigadier Tom Churchill and local partisans of LANÇ under Islam Radovicka. The involvement of the British troops was considered problematic by LANÇ as they considered that they would use the town as their base and install their allies from Greece in the area as British documents indicate that EDES forces also joined the operation. However, the British troops soon withdrew from the region, leaving the region to the Albanian communist forces.^[16]

Economy

Panorama of Sarandë

Given its coastal access and Mediterranean climate, Sarandë has become an important tourist attraction since the fall of communism in Albania. Saranda as well as the rest of the Albanian Riviera, according to The Guardian, "is set to become the new 'undiscovered gem' of the overcrowded Med."^[17] Tourism is thus the major economic resource, while other resources include services, fisheries and construction. The unemployment rate according to the population census of 2008 was 8.32%. It has been suggested that family tourism and seasonal work during the summer period help mitigate the real unemployment rate. Recently, the town has experienced an uncontrolled construction boom which may hamper the city's future tourism potential. Since 2012, the Port of Saranda is undergoing an expansion to accommodate cruise ships at its terminal.

Climate

Sarandë has a typical Mediterranean climate.

Climate data for Sarande (1991-2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	24 (75)	25 (77)	27 (81)	29 (84)	36 (97)	39 (102)	42 (108)	42 (108)	38 (100)	30 (86)	27 (81)	25 (77)	42 (108)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	13.6 (56.5)	14.1 (57.4)	16.5 (61.7)	19.2 (66.6)	23.6 (74.5)	28.4 (83.1)	31.0 (87.8)	31.1 (88.0)	28.2 (82.8)	22.4 (72.3)	17.3 (63.1)	15.0 (59.0)	21.7 (71.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	6.7 (44.1)	7.2 (45.0)	9.8 (49.6)	10.6 (51.1)	16.1 (61.0)	19.7 (67.5)	22.4 (72.3)	22.3 (72.1)	19.1 (66.4)	15.5 (59.9)	10.5 (50.9)	8.1 (46.6)	14.0 (57.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−2 (28)	−2 (28)	0 (32)	3 (37)	8 (46)	12 (54)	16 (61)	16 (61)	12 (54)	7 (45)	5 (41)	−1 (30)	−2 (28)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	125 (4.9)	122 (4.8)	98 (3.9)	65 (2.6)	39 (1.5)	20 (0.8)	5 (0.2)	9 (0.4)	48 (1.9)	125 (4.9)	161 (6.3)	169 (6.7)	986 (38.9)
Average precipitation days	14	12	9	7	5	2	1	1	5	9	12	15	92
Source: METEOALB Weather Station

Demographics

In 1912, right after the Albanian Declaration of Independence, the city had only 110 inhabitants.^[18] During the 1927 census, the city had 810 inhabitants, but no city status.^[18] In the 1930s, the city had a good demographic development, and it is in this period that the first public buildings and the main roads were constructed.^[18]

In 1957, the city had 8,700 inhabitants and became the center of a district.^[18]

In 1990, the inhabitants of Sarandë numbered 15,700, with 7,500 of them belonging to the Greek minority.^[19] At present, the population of Sarandë has nearly doubled. According to municipal sources, approximately 30,000^[2] (2001 estimate) inhabitants are currently living in the city. According to a survey conducted by the Albanian Committee of Helsinki, in 2001, the Albanian population numbered about 26,500, while Greeks formed the rest with about 3,400 alongside a small number of Vlachs and Roma.^[19]^[20] The city, according to the Albanian Committee of Helsinki, has lost more than half of its ethnic Greeks from 1991 to 2001, because of heavy emigration to Greece.^[19] Sarandë is considered one of the two centers of the Greek minority in Albania,^[21]^[22] Gjirokastër being the other.

Notable people

Agim Mato – Poet^[23]^[24]^[25]
Vangjel Agora – actor/director^[26]^[27]
Niko Kacalidha – poet, author, ex-state minister.^[28]
Ilir Seitaj – four times National Chess Champion^[29]
Luiza Xhuvani – actress^[30]^[31]^[32]

Italian singers Albano and Romina Power dedicated a song to Saranda entitled Saranda Okinawa.^{[citation needed]}

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Sarandë is twinned with:

Gallery

Coastline near Sarandë
esplanade
Corfu in the background
Blue Eye (Syri Kaltër)
Public beach in Saranda
Saranda Pathway
Seaside Promenade
Ancient ruins
Construction boom

References

Notes

^ "Council of Europe (2001), Report Submitted by Albania".
^ ^a ^b [1] Council of Europe (2001), Report Submitted by Albania
^ E.g., Walker, J. & C. "Turkey II: Containing the Northern Part of Greece." Published November 1st, 1829 by Baldwin & Cradock, 47 Paternoster Row, London. (London: Chapman & Hall, 1844). Accessed 24 Aug 2011.
^ Murzaku, Ines Angeli (2009). Returning Home to Rome - The Basilian Monks of Grottaferrata in Albania. Analekta Kryptoferris. p. 220. ISBN 978-88-89345-04-7. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
^ Pearson, Owen (2004). Albania and King Zog: independence, republic and monarchy 1908-1939. I.B.Tauris. p. 470. ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
^ E.g., Wojskowe Zaklady Kartograficzne. Pergamon World Atlas. "Albania, Greece." Pergamon Press, Ltd. & P.W.N. Poland 1967. Sluzba Topograficzna W.P. Accessed 24 Aug 2011.
^ Strabo, The Geography, Book VII, Chapter 7.5: "...these mountains one comes to Onchesmus, another harbor, opposite which lie the western extremities of Corcyraea."
^ Bowden, William. Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province. London: Duckworth, 2003, ISBN 0-7156-3116-0, p. 14. "Anchiasmos (Onchesmos)"
^ Hodges, Richard. Saranda - Ancient Onchesmos: A Short History and Guide. Butrint Foundation, 2007. ISBN 99943-943-6-3
^ Hammond, N.G.L. Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Duckworth, 1994. "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products...The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians...We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."
^ Talbert, Richard J.A. and Bagnall, Roger S. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, 2000, p. 815. "harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton."
^ Eidinow, Esther. Oracles, Curses, and Risk Among the Ancient Greeks. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-19-927778-8 "Onchesmos was the principal port of Phoinike, the capital of Chaonia,..."
^ M. V. Sakellariou. Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 978-960-213-371-2, p. 292.
^ Ruche, Pyrrus. Albanians captive
^ Edith Pierpont Stickney. Southern Albania or northern Epirus in European international affairs, 1912-1923 Stanford University Press, 1926.
^ Fischer, Bernd J. (1999). Albania at war : 1939-1945. London: Hurst. pp. 232–233. ISBN 978-1-85065-531-2.
^ 2009's hot new beach destination: Albania, www.guardian.co.uk
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sarande Municipality. "Historiku i Qytetit" (in Albanian). Retrieved 28 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Council of Europe. "Report Submitted by Albania". Retrieved 28 July 2010. According to a survey held last year by the Albanian Helsinki Committee, until 1990, the city of Saranda had about 17 thousand inhabitants, with nearly 7,500 of them belonging to Greek national minority.
^ Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 11, "In 1991, Greek shops were attacked in the coastal town of Saranda, home to a large minority population, and inter-ethnic relations throughout Albania worsened."
^ Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 12, "The concentration of ethnic Greeks in and around centres of Hellenism such as Saranda and Gjirokastra could guarantee their election there, but nowhere else in the country is success for an Omonia-based candidate possible."
^ Human rights in post-communist Albania, Fred Abrahams, Human Rights Watch, p.119 "The town of Saranda has an ethnic Greek population large enough to warrant a school, but one still does not exist".
^ http://lajme.parajsa.com/Intervista/id_230/
^ http://lajme.shqiperia.com/lajme/artikull/iden/1856/titulli/Ja-quotkokat-e-preraquot-ne-art-e-kulture-pas-Festivalit-te-11-te
^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivali_I_K%C3%ABng%C3%ABs_11
^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1322085/
^ http://www.sgourosmp3.com/Sakharov-Sgouros.htm "Actor/Director, National Theater of Agioi Saranta"
^ http://www.osce.org/documents/pia/2001/10/242_en.pdf
^ Frasheri, Dash. "Shahu shqiptar, 76 vjet histori përmes kutive" (in Albanian). Retrieved 24 September 2010.
^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1008493/
^ http://lajme.parajsa.com/Kulture/id_24381/
^ http://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/312946/luiza-xhuvani/filmography
^ "AllCorfu.Com: Corfu's Twin Cities". allcorfu.com. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

External links

[City_population-1] "Council of Europe (2001), Report Submitted by Albania".

[humanrights.coe.int-2] [1] Council of Europe (2001), Report Submitted by Albania

[3] E.g., Walker, J. & C. "Turkey II: Containing the Northern Part of Greece." Published November 1st, 1829 by Baldwin & Cradock, 47 Paternoster Row, London. (London: Chapman & Hall, 1844). Accessed 24 Aug 2011.

[Murzaku2009-4] Murzaku, Ines Angeli (2009). Returning Home to Rome - The Basilian Monks of Grottaferrata in Albania. Analekta Kryptoferris. p. 220. ISBN 978-88-89345-04-7. Retrieved 8 October 2010.

[Pearson2004-5] Pearson, Owen (2004). Albania and King Zog: independence, republic and monarchy 1908-1939. I.B.Tauris. p. 470. ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0. Retrieved 8 October 2010.

[6] E.g., Wojskowe Zaklady Kartograficzne. Pergamon World Atlas. "Albania, Greece." Pergamon Press, Ltd. & P.W.N. Poland 1967. Sluzba Topograficzna W.P. Accessed 24 Aug 2011.

[7] Strabo, The Geography, Book VII, Chapter 7.5: "...these mountains one comes to Onchesmus, another harbor, opposite which lie the western extremities of Corcyraea."

[8] Bowden, William. Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province. London: Duckworth, 2003, ISBN 0-7156-3116-0, p. 14. "Anchiasmos (Onchesmos)"

[9] Hodges, Richard. Saranda - Ancient Onchesmos: A Short History and Guide. Butrint Foundation, 2007. ISBN 99943-943-6-3

[10] Hammond, N.G.L. Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Duckworth, 1994. "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products...The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians...We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."

[11] Talbert, Richard J.A. and Bagnall, Roger S. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, 2000, p. 815. "harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton."

[12] Eidinow, Esther. Oracles, Curses, and Risk Among the Ancient Greeks. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-19-927778-8 "Onchesmos was the principal port of Phoinike, the capital of Chaonia,..."

[13] M. V. Sakellariou. Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 978-960-213-371-2, p. 292.

[14] Ruche, Pyrrus. Albanians captive

[15] Edith Pierpont Stickney. Southern Albania or northern Epirus in European international affairs, 1912-1923 Stanford University Press, 1926.

[16] Fischer, Bernd J. (1999). Albania at war : 1939-1945. London: Hurst. pp. 232–233. ISBN 978-1-85065-531-2.

[17] 2009's hot new beach destination: Albania, www.guardian.co.uk

[Sarande_Municipality-18] Sarande Municipality. "Historiku i Qytetit" (in Albanian). Retrieved 28 July 2010.

[Council_of_Europe-19] Council of Europe. "Report Submitted by Albania". Retrieved 28 July 2010. According to a survey held last year by the Albanian Helsinki Committee, until 1990, the city of Saranda had about 17 thousand inhabitants, with nearly 7,500 of them belonging to Greek national minority.

[20] Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 11, "In 1991, Greek shops were attacked in the coastal town of Saranda, home to a large minority population, and inter-ethnic relations throughout Albania worsened."

[21] Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 12, "The concentration of ethnic Greeks in and around centres of Hellenism such as Saranda and Gjirokastra could guarantee their election there, but nowhere else in the country is success for an Omonia-based candidate possible."

[22] Human rights in post-communist Albania, Fred Abrahams, Human Rights Watch, p.119 "The town of Saranda has an ethnic Greek population large enough to warrant a school, but one still does not exist".

[23] ttp://lajme.parajsa.com/Intervista/id_230/

[24] ttp://lajme.shqiperia.com/lajme/artikull/iden/1856/titulli/Ja-quotkokat-e-preraquot-ne-art-e-kulture-pas-Festivalit-te-11-te

[25] ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivali_I_K%C3%ABng%C3%ABs_11

[26] ttp://www.imdb.com/name/nm1322085/

[27] ttp://www.sgourosmp3.com/Sakharov-Sgouros.htm "Actor/Director, National Theater of Agioi Saranta"

[28] ttp://www.osce.org/documents/pia/2001/10/242_en.pdf

[Frasheri-29] Frasheri, Dash. "Shahu shqiptar, 76 vjet histori përmes kutive" (in Albanian). Retrieved 24 September 2010.

[30] ttp://www.imdb.com/name/nm1008493/

[31] ttp://lajme.parajsa.com/Kulture/id_24381/

[32] ttp://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/312946/luiza-xhuvani/filmography

[Corfu-33] "AllCorfu.Com: Corfu's Twin Cities". allcorfu.com. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 |Nov high C = 17.3
 |Dec high C = 15.0
-|Jan low C = 4.7
+|Jan low C = 6.7
-|Feb low C = 5.2
+|Feb low C = 7.2
-|Mar low C = 6.8
+|Mar low C = 9.8
 |Apr low C = 10.6
 |May low C = 16.1
@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 |Aug low C = 22.3
 |Sep low C = 19.1
-|Oct low C = 10.5
+|Oct low C = 15.5
-|Nov low C = 7.5
+|Nov low C = 10.5
-|Dec low C = 6.1
+|Dec low C = 8.1
-|Jan record low C = -5
+|Jan record low C = -2
-|Feb record low C = -4
+|Feb record low C = -2
 |Mar record low C = 0
 |Apr record low C = 3
@@ Line 180: / Line 180: @@
 |Jun record low C = 12
 |Jul record low C = 16
-|Aug record low C = 15
+|Aug record low C = 16
-|Sep record low C = 6
+|Sep record low C = 12
-|Oct record low C = 1
+|Oct record low C = 7
-|Nov record low C = -2
+|Nov record low C = 5
-|Dec record low C = -5
+|Dec record low C = -1
-|year record low C = -5
+|year record low C = -2
 |Jan precipitation mm = 125
 |Feb precipitation mm = 122

v t e Subdivisions of Vlorë County
County Seat: Vlorë
Municipality of Delvinë	Delvinë Vergo
Municipality of Finiq	Aliko Dhivër Finiq Livadhe Mesopotam
Municipality of Himarë	Himarë Horë-Vranisht Lukovë
Municipality of Konispol	Konispol Markat Xarrë
Municipality of Sarandë	Ksamil Sarandë
Municipality of Selenicë	Armen Brataj Kotë Selenicë Sevaster Vllahinë
Municipality of Vlorë	Novoselë Orikum Qendër Vlorë Shushicë Vlorë

v t e Albanian Riviera
Cities	Himara Sarandë Vlorë
Villages	Borsh Butrint Dhërmi Iljas Ksamil Kudhës Lukovë Palasë Pilur Qeparo Vuno
National Parks	Butrint National Park Llogara National Park Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park
Castles	Ali Pasha Castle Porto Palermo Castle Himara Castle Lëkurësi Castle
See also	Albanian Ionian Sea Coast Chaonia Labëria Tourism in Albania

v t e Greeks in Albania
History	Ancient Epirus Chaonians Omphales Dexaroi Despotate of Epirus Revolt of 1567-1572 Revolt of 1854 Revolt of 1878 Himara revolt of 1912 Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus Northern Epirus Protocol of Corfu Greco-Italian War in southern Albania Morava–Ivan Korytsa Saranda Himara Klisura Pass Trebeshina Italian spring offensive Hill 731 Northern Epirus Liberation Front
Society and culture	Himariote dialect Laiko Vima Polyphonic song of Epirus Postage stamps and postal history Lasso fund Education: New Academy (Moscopole) Zographeion College (Qestorat) Acroceraunian School (Himara) Dhuvjan Monastery (Dropull) Bangas Gymnasium (Korçë)
Geography	Ancient: Chaonia, Parauaea Medieval and modern: Dryinopolis, Kolonia
Settlements¹	Ancient: Phoenice Vouthroton Avlon Apollonia Thronion Amantia Antigonia Antipatreia Oricon Modern: Gjirokastër Korçë Himara Delvinë Sarandë Dropull Pogon Përmet Leskovik Bilisht Moscopole Zvërnec Vlorë Berat Durrës
Organizations	Omonoia Panepirotic Federation of America Panepirotic Federation of Australia Unity for Human Rights Party
Individuals²	Benefactors: Apostol Arsache Evangelos and Konstantinos Zappas Ioannis Pangas Georgios and Simon Sinas Alexandros and Michael Vasileiou Christakis Zografos Literature: Theodore Kavalliotis Katina Papa Konstantinos Skenderis Takis Tsiakos Tasos Vidouris Stavrianos Vistiaris Andreas Zarbalas Politics: Fredi Beleri Georgios Christakis-Zografos Spiro Ksera Vangjel Dule Vasilis Bolanos Military/Resistance: Kyriakoulis Argyrokastritis Dimitrios Doulis Nikolaos Dailakis Konstantinos Lagoumitzis Zachos Milios Athanasios Pipis Ioannis Poutetsis Vasileios Sachinis Georgios Soulios Spyromilios Spyros Spyromilios Sports: Pyrros Dimas Sotiris Ninis Panajot Pano Leonidas Sabanis Andreas Tatos Clergy: Photios Kalpidis Vasileios of Dryinoupolis Panteleimon Kotokos Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis
¹ Includes localities with a substantial ethnic Greek population, or otherwise with any kind of cultural or other type of significance, historical or current, for the Greek minority in Albania. ² Includes individuals not necessarily of Greek ethnicity but with important contributions to Greek civilization.