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| [[Magyar Telekom]]
| [[Magyar Telekom]]
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| {{dts|April 2014}
| {{dts|April 2014}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2014/04/29/mtel-and-ericsson-demonstrate-lte-a-technology-a-first-for-hungary/ |title=MTel and Ericsson demonstrate LTE-A technology; a first for Hungary |publisher=TeleGeography |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The operator demonstrated LTE-Advanced in [[Budapest]] with Swedish vendor Ericsson. Magyar Telekom achieved 250 Mbit/s.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2014/04/29/mtel-and-ericsson-demonstrate-lte-a-technology-a-first-for-hungary/ |title=MTel and Ericsson demonstrate LTE-A technology; a first for Hungary |publisher=TeleGeography |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The operator demonstrated LTE-Advanced in [[Budapest]] with Swedish vendor Ericsson. Magyar Telekom achieved 250 Mbit/s.
|-
|-
| [[Huawei]]
| [[Huawei]]
| style="text-align: center;"|-
| style="text-align: center;"|-
| {{dts|April 2014}
| {{dts|April 2014}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/huawei-qualcomm-show-300-mbps-over-lte-a-cat-6--1010669 |title=Huawei, Qualcomm show 300 Mbps over LTE-A Cat 6 |publisher=Telecompaper |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The Chinese vendor Huawei trialed LTE-Advanced with Qualcomm. Huawei achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/huawei-qualcomm-show-300-mbps-over-lte-a-cat-6--1010669 |title=Huawei, Qualcomm show 300 Mbps over LTE-A Cat 6 |publisher=Telecompaper |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The Chinese vendor Huawei trialed LTE-Advanced with Qualcomm. Huawei achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
|-
|-
| [[Telstra]]
| [[Telstra]]
| {{flag|Australia}}
| {{flag|Australia}}
| {{dts|April 2014}
| {{dts|April 2014}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://exchange.telstra.com.au/2014/04/29/telstra-wi-fi-4g-advanced-pro-x-a-world-first/ |title=Telstra Wi-Fi 4G Advanced Pro X: a world first |publisher=Telstra |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The operator unveiled another mobile LTE-Advanced hotspot from Huawei.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://exchange.telstra.com.au/2014/04/29/telstra-wi-fi-4g-advanced-pro-x-a-world-first/ |title=Telstra Wi-Fi 4G Advanced Pro X: a world first |publisher=Telstra |date=2014-04-29 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref> The operator unveiled another mobile LTE-Advanced hotspot from Huawei.
|}
|}

Revision as of 10:17, 5 May 2014

LTE Advanced is a mobile communication standard and a major enhancement of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. It was formally submitted as a candidate 4G system to ITU-T in late 2009 as meeting the requirements of the IMT-Advanced standard, and was standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in March 2011 as 3GPP Release 10. [1]

Background

The LTE format was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan and has been adopted as the international standard.[2] LTE standardization has matured to a state where changes in the specification are limited to corrections and bug fixes. The first commercial services were launched in Sweden and Norway in December 2009[3] followed by the United States and Japan in 2010. More LTE networks were deployed globally during 2010 as a natural evolution of several 2G and 3G systems, including Global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (3GPP as well as 3GPP2).

The work by 3GPP to define a 4G candidate radio interface technology started in Release 9 with the study phase for LTE-Advanced. Being described as a 3.9G (beyond 3G but pre-4G), the first release of LTE did not meet the requirements for 4G (also called IMT Advanced as defined by the International Telecommunication Union) such as peak data rates up to 1 Gb/s. The ITU has invited the submission of candidate Radio Interface Technologies (RITs) following their requirements in a circular letter, 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 36.913, "Requirements for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced)."[4] These are based on ITU's requirements for 4G and on operators’ own requirements for advanced LTE. Major technical considerations include the following:

  • Continual improvement to the LTE radio technology and architecture
  • Scenarios and performance requirements for working with legacy radio technologies
  • Backward compatibility of LTE-Advanced with LTE. An LTE terminal should be able to work in an LTE-Advanced network and vice versa. Any exceptions will be considered by 3GPP.
  • Consideration of recent World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07) decisions regarding frequency bands to ensure that LTE-Advanced accommodates the geographically available spectrum for channels above 20 MHz. Also, specifications must recognize those parts of the world in which wideband channels are not available.

Likewise, 'WiMAX 2', 802.16m, has been approved by ITU as the IMT Advanced family. WiMAX 2 is designed to be backward compatible with WiMAX 1 devices. Most vendors now support conversion of 'pre-4G', pre-advanced versions and some support software upgrades of base station equipment from 3G.

The mobile communication industry and standards organizations have therefore started work on 4G access technologies, such as LTE Advanced. At a workshop in April 2008 in China, 3GPP agreed the plans for work on Long Term Evolution (LTE).[5] A first set of specifications were approved in June 2008.[6] Besides the peak data rate 1 Gb/s as defined by the ITU-R, it also targets faster switching between power states and improved performance at the cell edge. Detailed proposals are being studied within the working groups.

Proposals

The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. LTE Advanced should be compatible with first release LTE equipment, and should share frequency bands with first release LTE. In the feasibility study for LTE Advanced, 3GPP determined that LTE Advanced would meet the ITU-R requirements for 4G. The results of the study are published in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 36.912.[7]

One of the important LTE Advanced benefits is the ability to take advantage of advanced topology networks; optimized heterogeneous networks with a mix of macrocells with low power nodes such as picocells, femtocells and new relay nodes. The next significant performance leap in wireless networks will come from making the most of topology, and brings the network closer to the user by adding many of these low power nodes — LTE Advanced further improves the capacity and coverage, and ensures user fairness. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to be able to use ultra wide bandwidth, up to 100 MHz of spectrum supporting very high data rates.

In the research phase many proposals have been studied as candidates for LTE Advanced (LTE-A) technologies. The proposals could roughly be categorized into:[8]

  • Support for relay node base stations
  • Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception
  • UE Dual TX antenna solutions for SU-MIMO and diversity MIMO, commonly referred to as 2x2 MIMO
  • Scalable system bandwidth exceeding 20 MHz, up to 100 MHz
  • Carrier aggregation of contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum allocations
  • Local area optimization of air interface
  • Nomadic / Local Area network and mobility solutions
  • Flexible spectrum usage
  • Cognitive radio
  • Automatic and autonomous network configuration and operation
  • Support of autonomous network and device test, measurement tied to network management and optimization
  • Enhanced precoding and forward error correction
  • Interference management and suppression
  • Asymmetric bandwidth assignment for FDD
  • Hybrid OFDMA and SC-FDMA in uplink
  • UL/DL inter eNB coordinated MIMO
  • SONs, Self Organizing Networks methodologies

Within the range of system development, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX 2, can use up to 8x8 MIMO and 128 QAM in downlink direction. Example performance: 100 MHz aggregated bandwidth, LTE-Advanced provides almost 3.3 Gbit peak download rates per sector of the base station under ideal conditions. Advanced network architectures combined with distributed and collaborative smart antenna technologies provide several years road map of commercial enhancements.

A summary of a study carried out in 3GPP can be found in TR36.912.[9]

Timeframe and introduction of additional features

Original standardization work for LTE-Advanced was done as part of 3GPP Release 10, which was frozen in April 2011. Trials were based on pre-release equipment. Major vendors support software upgrades to later versions and ongoing improvements.

In order to improve the quality of service for users in hotspots and on cell edges, heterogenous networks (HetNet) are formed of a mixture of macro-, pico- and femto base stations serving corresponding-size areas. Frozen in December 2012, 3GPP Release 11[10] concentrates on better support of HetNet. Coordinated Multi-Point operation (CoMP) is a key feature of Release 11 in order to support such network structures. Whereas users located at a cell edge in homogenous networks suffer from decreasing signal strength compounded by neighbor cell interference, CoMP is designed to enable use of a neighboring cell to also transmit the same signal as the serving cell, enhancing quality of service on the perimeter of a serving cell. In-device Co-existence (IDC) is another topic addressed in Release 11. IDC features are designed to ameliorate disturbances within the user equipment caused between LTE/LTE-A and the various other radio subsystems such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and the GPS receiver. Further enhancements for MIMO such as 4x4 configuration for the uplink were standardized.

The higher number of cells in HetNet results in user equipment changing the serving cell more frequently when in motion. The ongoing work on LTE-Advanced [11] in Release 12, amongst other areas, concentrates on addressing issues that come about when users move through HetNet, such as frequent hand-overs between cells.

Technology demonstrations

Company Country Date Note
NTT DoCoMo  Japan February 2007 [12] The operator announced the completion of a 4G trial where it achieved a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink
using 12 transmit and 12 receive antennas and 100 MHz frequency bandwidth to a mobile station moving at 10 km/h.
TeliaSonera  Norway December 2009 [3] The operator launched the first commercial LTE services in Norway.
TeliaSonera  Sweden December 2009 [3] The operator launched the first commercial LTE services in Sweden.
Agilent Technologies - February 2011 [13] The vendor demonstrated at Mobile World Congress the industry's first test solutions for LTE-Advanced
with both signal generation and signal analysis solutions.
Yota  Russia February 2011 [14] The operator launched the first-ever commercial mobile implementation of the technology, at 11 of its base-stations around Moscow.
However compatible handsets weren't available until the first-half of 2013.
A1  Austria June 2013 [15] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Ericsson and NSN using 4x4 MIMO. A1 achieved 580 Mbit/s.
SK Telecom  South Korea June 2013 [16] The operator announced the launching of LTE-Advanced services.
Samsung  South Korea June 2013 [17] The vendor released an LTE-Advanced version of the Galaxy S4.
LG U+  South Korea July 2013 [18] The operator unveiled an LTE-Advanced network built by the Swedish vendor Ericsson. LG U+ combine 850 MHz spectrum and 2.1 GHz spectrum.
LG U+ provides up to 150 Mbit/s which is equal to category 4 LTE.
Telstra  Australia August 2013 [19] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 900 MHz spectrum and 1.8 GHz spectrum.
SMART  Philippines August 2013 [20] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced.
SFR  France October 2013 [21] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Marseille and combined 800 MHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz spectrum. SFR achieved 174 Mbit/s.
EE  United Kingdom November 2013 [22] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in London with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
EE achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
O2  Germany November 2013 [23] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Munich with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 10 MHz of 800 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
O2 achieved 225 Mbit/s.
Vodafone  Germany November 2013 [24] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Dresden with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 10 MHz of 800 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
Vodafone achieved 225 Mbit/s.
Netgear - December 2013 [25] The vendor unveiled an mobile LTE-Advanced hotspot through Telstra in Australia.
Telstra  Australia December 2013 [26] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
Telstra achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
Optus  Australia December 2013 [27] The operator trialed TD-LTE-Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined two 20 MHz channels of 2.3 GHz spectrum.
Optus achieved over 160 Mbit/s.
Sunrise   Switzerland January 2014 [28] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei. Commercial service is planned for Q3 2014.
Telstra  Australia January 2014 [29] The Swedish vendor Ericsson trialed LTE-Advanced with American supplier Qualcomm on the Telstra network.
NSN - February 2014 [30] The vendor demonstrated at Mobile World Congress 450 Mbit/s data speeds for individual users by using LTE-Advanced.
Elisa  Finland February 2014 [31] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with American supplier Broadcom and Finish vendor Nokia Solutions and Networks.
Elisa combined 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum. Elisa achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
Deutsche Telekom  Germany February 2014 [32][33] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Alzey using 4x4 MIMO. Deutsche Telekom achieved 580 Mbit/s. Commercial service is planned for summer 2014.
Huawei - February 2014 [34] The vendor introduced at Mobile World Congress the LTE-Advanced mobile broadband router Huawei E5186 and the mobile hotspot Huawei E5786.
CSL  Hong Kong February 2014 [35] The operator unveiled an LTE-Advanced network built by the Chinese vendor ZTE.
CSL combine 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
CSL provides up to 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
MegaFon  Russia February 2014 [36] The operator unveiled an LTE-Advanced network in Moscow and Sochi built by the Chinese vendor Huawei.
MegaFon combine two 20 MHz channels of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
MegaFon provides up to 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
Vodafone  Italy February 2014 [37] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Naples and combined 1.8 MHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz spectrum. Vodafone achieved 253 Mbit/s.
Vodafone  Spain February 2014 [38] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Barcelona using 4x4 MIMO. Vodafone achieved 580 Mbit/s.
Eta Devices - February 2014 [39] The supplier demonstrated at the Mobile World Congress Envelope Tracking Advanced (ETAdvanced) for LTE-A over 80 MHz channels.
Base  Belgium February 2014 [40] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Hasselt with Chinese vendor ZTE. Base achieved over 250 Mbit/s.
Orange  Spain March 2014 [41] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Valencia and combined 10 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum.
Orange achieved 222 Mbit/s.
Etisalat  Saudi Arabia April 2014 [42] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Abu Dhabi with French vendor Alcatel-Lucent.
Etisalat combined 20 MHz of 800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum.
Etisalat achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
China Mobile  China April 2014} [43] The operator trialed TD-LTE-Advanced in Chengdu with Chinese vendor Huawei.
Magyar Telekom  Hungary April 2014 [44] The operator demonstrated LTE-Advanced in Budapest with Swedish vendor Ericsson. Magyar Telekom achieved 250 Mbit/s.
Huawei - April 2014 [45] The Chinese vendor Huawei trialed LTE-Advanced with Qualcomm. Huawei achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE.
Telstra  Australia April 2014 [46] The operator unveiled another mobile LTE-Advanced hotspot from Huawei.

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Stefan Parkvall, Erik Dahlman, Anders Furuskär et al; Ericsson, Robert Syputa, Maravedis; ITU global standard for international mobile telecommunications ´IMT-Advanced´; LTE Advanced - Evolving LTE towards IMT-Advanced; Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall. IEEE 68th 21-24 Sept. 2008 Page(s):1 - 5.
  2. ^ Faster cell phone services planned
  3. ^ a b c "TeliaSonera launches world's first 4G mobile network". swedishwire. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  4. ^ "Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (LTE-Advanced)"
  5. ^ Beyond 3G: “LTE Advanced” Workshop, Shenzhen, China
  6. ^ 3GPP specification: Requirements for further advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
  7. ^ Agilent [1], Introducing LTE-Advanced, pg. 6 , March 8, 2011, accessed July 28, 2011.
  8. ^ Nomor Research: White Paper on LTE Advanced
  9. ^ 3GPP Technical Report: Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
  10. ^ Introduction to LTE-Advanced Rel.11
  11. ^ 3GPP News & Events, Dec.12th, 2012 and Apr.8th, 2013 entries
  12. ^ "NTT DoCoMo Achieves World's First 5 Gbit/s Packet Transmission in 4G Field Experiment". NTT DoCoMo.
  13. ^ "Agilent Technologies Introduces Industry's First LTE-Advanced Signal Generation, Analysis Solutions". Agilent.
  14. ^ "Yota Networks has launched the world's first mobile communication technology LTE Advanced". YOTA. Retrieved 2012-10-19. [dead link]
  15. ^ "A1 TELEKOM AUSTRIA DEMOS 580MBPS LTE-A SPEEDS WITH ERICSSON, NSN HARDWARE". Mobile Europe. 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  16. ^ "LTE-Advanced 4G network launches in South Korea". BBC News. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  17. ^ Chloe Albanesius (26 June 2013). "Samsung reveals LTE-Advanced version of Galaxy S4". PC Magazine. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  18. ^ "LG U+ launched commercial LTE-Advanced service with Ericsson". Ericsscon. 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  19. ^ "World's first commercial LTE-Advanced call on 1800MHz and 900MHz". Ericsson. 2013-08-12. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  20. ^ J.M. Tuazon (21 August 2013). "200MBPS IN DAVAO - Smart tests LTE-Advanced system down south". Interaksyon. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  21. ^ "SFR completes 'first' LTE Advanced trials in France". FierceWirelessEurope. 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  22. ^ "EE launches 'world's fastest' LTE-A network in London". Telecoms.com. 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
  23. ^ "Now available at Telefónica: The fastest LTE radio cell in Germany and mobile VoLTE in live network". Telefónica. 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  24. ^ "Vodafone zeigt in Dresden das schnellste Mobilfunknetz der Republik" (in German). Vodafone. 2013-11-15. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  25. ^ "NETGEAR LAUNCHES FIRST 4G ADVANCED MOBILE HOTSPOT DEVICE IN AUSTRALIA". Netgear. 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  26. ^ "Telstra hits 300 Mbps in LTE-A trial". Computerworld. 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
  27. ^ "Optus tests TD-LTE carrier aggregation in Melbourne". iTnews. 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
  28. ^ "Das Sunrise LTE-Mobilfunknetz wird noch schneller" (PDF) (in German). Sunrise. 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-30.
  29. ^ "Ericsson and Qualcomm Technologies demo first LTE CAT6 Carrier Aggregation interoperability for Telstra". Ericsson. 2014-01-31. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  30. ^ "NSN breaks new ground with LTE-Advanced for superior performance #MWC14". NSN. 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  31. ^ "Finland's Elisa Gets 300Mbsp Download Speeds Out of an LTE-A Network". cellular-news. 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
  32. ^ "LTE-Bestmarke: Telekom überträgt 580 MBit/s in einem Live-Netz" (in German). Deutsche Telekom. 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  33. ^ "Deutsche Telekom: Ab Sommer bis zu 300 MBit/s über LTE" (in German). teltarif. 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  34. ^ "Huawei unveils the world's first LTE Cat6-enabled Mobile WiFi at MWC 2014". Huawei. 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  35. ^ "Hong Kong's CSL Offers 300Mbps Download Speeds over LTE-A Network". cellular-news. 2014-02-24. Retrieved 2014-02-26.
  36. ^ "MegaFon Launches World's Fastest Mobile Data Network". MegaFon. 2014-02-25. Retrieved 2014-02-26.
  37. ^ "Vodafone achieves 253.4Mbps speeds in Naples LTE-Advanced trial". TeleGeography. 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  38. ^ "MWC: Vodafone Spain demonstrates 540Mbps using FDD/TDD-LTE CA setup". TeleGeography. 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
  39. ^ Buckley, Paul. "Envelope tracking: a game-changer for smartphones?". EE Times. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  40. ^ "BASE Company confirms LTE-A trials". TeleGeography. 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  41. ^ "Orange Spain begins LTE-A trials in Valencia". Telecompaper. 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
  42. ^ "Etisalat Tests LTE-A Upgrade in Abu Dhabi". cellular-news. 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
  43. ^ "Huawei, China Mobile test TD-LTE Advanced". Telecompaper. 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  44. ^ "MTel and Ericsson demonstrate LTE-A technology; a first for Hungary". TeleGeography. 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  45. ^ "Huawei, Qualcomm show 300 Mbps over LTE-A Cat 6". Telecompaper. 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  46. ^ "Telstra Wi-Fi 4G Advanced Pro X: a world first". Telstra. 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2014-04-30.

Resources (white papers, technical papers, application notes)

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