Soyuz-2: Difference between revisions

Soyuz 2 (Soyuz 2.1a/2.1b/ST/STK)
	A MetOp spacecraft ready for the launch atop a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.
Function	Orbital carrier rocket
Manufacturer	TsSKB-Progress
Country of origin	Russia
Size
Height	46.1 m (151.2 ft)
Diameter	2.95 m (9.67 ft)
Mass	305,000 kg (672,000 lb)
Stages	2 or 3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass	7,800 kilograms (17,196 lb)
Payload to 800 km SSO (with Fregat)
Mass	4,500 kilograms (9,921 lb)
Payload to GTO (from ELS)
Mass	3,250 kilograms (7,165 lb)
Associated rockets
Family	R-7 (Soyuz)
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	LC-31/6, Baikonur; LC-43, Plesetsk; ELS, Centre Spatial Guyanais
Total launches	33 (2.1a: 17, 2.1b: 16)
Success(es)	31 (2.1a: 16, 2.1b: 15)
Failure(s)	1 (2.1b)
Partial failure(s)	1 (2.1a)
First flight	2.1a: 8 November 2004; 2.1b: 27 December 2006
Type of passengers/cargo	COROT
Boosters
No. boosters	4
Engines	1 RD-117
Thrust	1,021.097 kN
Specific impulse	310 sec
Burn time	120 seconds
Propellant	LOX/RP-1
First stage
Engines	1 RD-118
Thrust	999.601 kN (224,719 LBf)
Specific impulse	311 sec
Burn time	286 seconds
Propellant	LOX/RP-1
Second stage
Engines	1 RD-0124
Thrust	294 kN (66,093 LBf)
Specific impulse	359 sec
Burn time	300 seconds
Propellant	LOX/RP-1
Third stage (Optional) - Fregat
Engines	1 S5.92
Thrust	19.6 kN (4,406 LBf)
Specific impulse	327 sec
Burn time	877 seconds
Propellant	N2O4/UDMH
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Revision as of 10:33, 9 July 2014

Template:Launching/Soyuz Template:Launching/Soyuz (Arianespace)

Soyuz-2, GRAU index 14A14, is the collective designation for the new version of the Russian Soyuz rocket. In its basic form, it is a three-stage carrier rocket for placing payloads into low Earth orbit. The first stage boosters and two core stages feature uprated engines with improved injection systems, compared to the previous versions of the Soyuz. Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch platforms for earlier Soyuz rockets had to be rotated as the rocket could not perform a roll to change its heading in flight.

Soyuz-2 is often flown with an upper stage, which allows it to lift payloads into higher orbits, such as Molniya and Geosynchronous orbits. The upper stage is equipped with independent flight control and telemetry systems from those used in the rest of the rocket. The NPO Lavochkin manufactured Fregat is the most commonly used upper stage.

Soyuz-2 rockets are currently launched from LC-31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and LC-43 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, launch facilities shared with earlier R-7 derived rockets including the Soyuz-U and Molniya. Commercial Soyuz-2 flights are contracted by Starsem, and have launched from LC-31 at Baikonur and ELS (l'Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz), which has been built at the Guiana Space Centre on the northern coast of South America. The Soyuz-2 is expected to be able to deliver 2.8-3.5 tonnes to GTO from this site.

The Soyuz-2 has replaced the Molniya-M^[1] and is starting to replace the Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG rockets which are currently in service alongside it, as they are expected to be phased out from 2014 onwards.^[2]^[3]

Variants

Soyuz-2 family includes 2.1a, 2.1b and 2.1v. The first two variants are modifications to the Soyuz-U launcher. The latter is a "light" version without side boosters.

When launched from ELS site, the Soyuz-2 will always be mated with ST-type fairing. This version will be called Soyuz-ST or Soyuz-STK, where additional "K" indicates special measures taken for preparing and launching the rocket in hot and humid conditions.

Soyuz 2.1a

The 2.1a version includes conversion from analog to digital flight control system and uprated engines on the booster and the first stage with improved injection systems. The new digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to launch from a fixed rather than angled launch platform and adjust its heading in flight. A digital control system also enables the launch of larger commercial satellites with wider and longer payload fairings such as the ST-type fairing. These fairings introduce too much aerodynamic instability for the old analog system to handle. This stage continues to use the RD-0110 engine.

The 2.1a/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-A. The first launch, from Guiana, (17 December 2011 for Pléiades-HR 1A, SSOT, ELISA (4 satellites)) was a success.

Soyuz 2.1b

The 2.1b version adds an upgraded engine (RD-0124) with improved performance to the second stage.

The 2.1b/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-B. The first launch, from Guiana, was a success (21 October 2011), for the first two Galileo IOV satellites.

Soyuz 2.1v

First draft of the 2.1v version was finished in 2009. It will be a "light" version of the Soyuz-2 without the side boosters (blocks B, V, G and D). Block A engine will be replaced by a more powerful one NK-33-1 and eventually the RD-193. The new launcher will be able to deliver up to 2.8 tonnes in low Earth orbit.^[4]

Suborbital test flight

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 GMT (21:30 Moscow Time), the first Soyuz-2 carrier rocket, in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a sub-orbital trajectory, with the third stage and boilerplate payload re-entering over the Pacific Ocean.

Commercial launches

MetOp-A

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz-2 to orbit, with the MetOp-A satellite, occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence, after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and on-board preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad, for the next attempt on 18 July. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October.

Launch history

Date	Time (GMT)	Configuration	Launch Site		Result	Payload	Remarks
8 November 2004	18:30	Soyuz 2.1a	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success	Zenit-8 (boilerplate)	Suborbital test
19 October 2006	16:28	Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	MetOp A	Weather satellite
24 December 2006	08:34	Soyuz 2.1a/S Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success	Meridian 1	Communications satellite
27 December 2006	14:28	Soyuz 2.1b/SL Fregat	LC-31	Baikonur	Success	COROT	Astronomy satellite
26 July 2008	18:31	Soyuz 2.1b	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[5]	Kosmos 2441 (Persona?)	Imaging reconnaissance satellite(?)
21 May 2009	21:53	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Partial failure^[6]	Meridian 2	Communications satellite
17 September 2009	15:55	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	Meteor M-1 Universitetsky-2 Sterkh-2 IRIS UGATUSAT SumbandilaSat BLITS	Weather satellite and small piggyback science satellites
19 October 2010	17:11	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites)	Communications satellites
2 November 2010	00:59	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-43/4	Plesetsk	Success	Meridian 3	Communications satellite
26 February 2011	03:07	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43/4	Plesetsk	Success	GLONASS-K	Navigation satellite
4 May 2011	17:41	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-43/4	Plesetsk	Success	Meridian 4	Communications satellite
13 July 2011	02:27	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites)	Communications satellites
2 October 2011	20:15	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43/4	Plesetsk	Success	GLONASS-M	Navigation satellite
21 October 2011	10:30	Soyuz 2.1b/ST Fregat	ELS	Kourou	Success^[7]	IOV-1 & IOV-2	Navigation satellites
28 November 2011	08:25	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[8]	GLONASS-M	Navigation satellite
17 December 2011	02:03	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	ELS	Kourou	Success^[9]	Pleiades 1A SSOT ELISA (4 satellites)	Imaging Satellite Earth observation satellite for Chile Electronic Intelligence Satellites
23 December 2011	12:08	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Failure^[10]	Meridian 5	Communications satellite
28 December 2011	17:09	Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success^[11]	Globalstar 2 (x6)	Communications satellite
17 September 2012	16:28	Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	MetOp B	Weather satellite
12 October 2012	18:15	Soyuz 2.1b/ST Fregat	ELS	Kourou	Success^[12]	IOV-3 & IOV-4	Navigation satellites
2 December 2012	02:02	Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat	ELS	Kourou	Success^[13]	Pleiades 1B	Imaging Satellite
6 February 2013	16:04:24	Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	Globalstar 2 (x6)	Communications satellite
19 April 2013	10:00:00	Soyuz 2.1a	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success	Bion-M1 AIST2 Dove 2 Beesat(2 and 3) SOMP OSSI 1	Biological Science and small piggyback science satellites
26 April 2013	05:23:46	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[14]	GLONASS-M	Navigation satellite
7 June 2013	18:37:59	Soyuz 2.1b	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[15]	Kosmos 2486 (Persona)	Imaging reconnaissance satellite
25 June 2013	17:28:48	Soyuz 2.1b	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success^[16]	Resurs-P1	Earth observation satellite
25 June 2013	19:27:03	Soyuz STB/Fregat-MT	ELS	Kourou	Success^[17]	O3b-1 O3b-2 O3b-3 O3b-4	Communications satellites
19 December 2013	09:12:19	Soyuz STB/Fregat-MT	ELS	Kourou	Success^[18]	Gaia	Space observatory
23 March 2014	22:54:03	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[19]	GLONASS-M	Navigation satellite
3 April 2014	21:02:26	Soyuz STA/Fregat-M	ELS	Kourou	Success^[20]	Sentinel-1A	Earth observation
6 May 2014	13:49:35	Soyuz 2.1a	LC-43	Plesetsk	Success^[21]	Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M)	Film-return reconnaissance satellite
14 June 2014	17:16:48	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-43/4	Plesetsk	Success^[22]	Kosmos 2500 GLONASS-M	Navigation satellite
8 July 2014	15:58:28	Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat	LC-31/6	Baikonur	Success^[23]	Meteor M-2 Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2)) DX-1 SkySat 2 TechDemoSat-1 UKube-1 AISSat-2	Weather satellite and six secondary satellites

References

^ "Last launch of the Molniya-M on Sept 30th 2010". Anatoly Zak. 2010-09-30.
^ "Soyuz-2 to replace its predecessors". Anatoly Zak. 2011-06-01.
^ "Alexander Kirilin: "We are working on three rocket"". Volzkhskaya Kommuna. 2011-06-01.
^ "Rus/Souyz-2 launch vehicle (in Russian)".
^ "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. 2008-07-26.
^ Zak, Anatoly. "The Meridian satellite (14F112)". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
^ Soyuz flight VS01 Lifts Off From French Guiana.
^ Glonass-M satellite launched into orbit.Template:Ref-ru
^ Six defense satellites launched by Soyuz rocket
^ Russian satellite crashes into Siberia after launch
^ "Globalstar satellites 'flawlessly' orbited by Soyuz". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
^ Soyuz ST-B launches Galileo twins successfully to orbit.
^ http://www.spaceflight101.com/soyuz-vs-04-pleiades-1b-launch-updates.html
^ Third Soyuz launch in a week bolsters Glonass system
^ Graham, William. "Russian spy satellite launched via Soyuz 2-1B". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^ Graham, William. "Soyuz 2-1B successfully launches with Resurs-P". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
^ ""The journey begins" with a lift from Arianespace: O3b Networks' first four satellites are in orbit". Arianespace. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
^ Soyuz ST-B successfully launches Gaia space observatory
^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
^ Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (2014-04-03). "Arianespace Soyuz ST-A launches Sentinel-1A mission". Retrieved 2014-04-06.
^ Soyuz-2-1A launches Kobal’t-M reconnaissance satellite
^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
^ Lift-off for British demo satellites

External links

Encyclopedia Astronautica article on Soyuz 2.1
Encyclopedia Astronautica article on Soyuz 2.1/Fregat
European Space Agency about Soyuz-ST (Russian name Soyuz-STK)
Soyuz User's Manual, from Starsem
Soyuz-2 launch vehicle, Russian Federal Space Agency

[1] "Last launch of the Molniya-M on Sept 30th 2010". Anatoly Zak. 2010-09-30.

[2] "Soyuz-2 to replace its predecessors". Anatoly Zak. 2011-06-01.

[3] "Alexander Kirilin: "We are working on three rocket"". Volzkhskaya Kommuna. 2011-06-01.

[4] "Rus/Souyz-2 launch vehicle (in Russian)".

[5] "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. 2008-07-26.

[meridian-6] Zak, Anatoly. "The Meridian satellite (14F112)". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 3 May 2011.

[spaceref_soyuz_off_suiana-7] Soyuz flight VS01 Lifts Off From French Guiana.

[8] Glonass-M satellite launched into orbit.Template:Ref-ru

[9] Six defense satellites launched by Soyuz rocket

[10] Russian satellite crashes into Siberia after launch

[11] "Globalstar satellites 'flawlessly' orbited by Soyuz". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 December 2011.

[12] Soyuz ST-B launches Galileo twins successfully to orbit.

[13] ttp://www.spaceflight101.com/soyuz-vs-04-pleiades-1b-launch-updates.html

[14] Third Soyuz launch in a week bolsters Glonass system

[15] Graham, William. "Russian spy satellite launched via Soyuz 2-1B". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.

[16] Graham, William. "Soyuz 2-1B successfully launches with Resurs-P". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 25 June 2013.

[17] ""The journey begins" with a lift from Arianespace: O3b Networks' first four satellites are in orbit". Arianespace. Retrieved 25 June 2013.

[18] Soyuz ST-B successfully launches Gaia space observatory

[19] Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia

[20] Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (2014-04-03). "Arianespace Soyuz ST-A launches Sentinel-1A mission". Retrieved 2014-04-06.

[21] Soyuz-2-1A launches Kobal’t-M reconnaissance satellite

[22] Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia

[23] Lift-off for British demo satellites

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@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
 | Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat
 | LC-31/6 || Baikonur
-| Success<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28200846]</ref>
+| Success<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28200846 Lift-off for British demo satellites]</ref>
 | [[Meteor (satellite)|Meteor M-2]]<br />Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2))<br />DX-1<br />SkySat 2<br />TechDemoSat-1<br />UKube-1<br />AISSat-2
 | Weather satellite<br />and six secondary satellites

v t e Soviet and Russian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b 2-1v UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)