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'''Vinnytsia''' ({{lang-uk|Ві́нниця}}, {{IPA-uk|ˈvinːɪt͡sʲɐ|pron}}; also known as '''Vinnytsya''', '''Vinnitsa''' ({{lang-ru|Ви́нница}}), '''Vinnica''' ({{lang-pl|Winnica}}), {{lang-de|Winniza}}, and {{lang-ro|Vinnița}}, is a [[city]] in west-central [[Ukraine]], located on the banks of the [[Southern Bug]]. It is the [[Capital city|administrative center]] of [[Vinnytsia Oblast]] and the largest city in the historic region of [[Podolia]]. Administratively, it is incorporated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|town of oblast significance]]. It also serves as an administrative center of [[Vinnytsia Raion]], one of the 27 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2013|371,698}}.
'''Vinnytsia''' ({{lang-uk|Ві́нниця}}, {{IPA-uk|ˈvinːɪt͡sʲɐ|pron}}; also known as ''Vinnytsya'', ''Vinnitsa'', ''Vinnica'', ''Winnica'', ''Winniza'' and ''Vinnița''), is a [[city]] in west-central [[Ukraine]], located on the banks of the [[Southern Bug]]. It is the [[Capital city|administrative center]] of [[Vinnytsia Oblast]] and the largest city in the historic region of [[Podolia]]. Administratively, it is incorporated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|town of oblast significance]]. It also serves as an administrative center of [[Vinnytsia Raion]], one of the 27 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2013|371,698}}.


A historic town known since [[Middle Ages]] and a former Soviet [[Cold War]]-[[Military airbase|airbase]], Vinnytsia is now an industrial center (particularly, dominated by the [[Roshen]] corporation), a growing international IT-outsource center and the main base of the [[Ukrainian Air Force]].
A historic town known since [[Middle Ages]] and a former Soviet [[Cold War]]-[[Military airbase|airbase]], Vinnytsia is now an industrial center (particularly, dominated by the [[Roshen]] corporation), a growing international IT-outsource center and the main base of the [[Ukrainian Air Force]].

Revision as of 17:19, 23 September 2014

Vinnytsia
Вінниця
Vinnytsia's old water tower (now the War Veterans' Museum)
Vinnytsia's old water tower (now the War Veterans' Museum)
Flag of Vinnytsia
Flag
Coat of arms of Vinnytsia
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
pearl of Podolia
Map of Ukraine with Vinnytsia highlighted.
Map of Ukraine with Vinnytsia highlighted.
Country
Oblast
Raion		Ukraine
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia City Municipality
Founded1363
Government
 • Head of City
Council		Serhiy Morhunov (incumbent)
Area
 • City79.94 km2 (30.87 sq mi)
Population
 (2013)
 • City371,698
 • Density5,066/km2 (13,120/sq mi)
 • Metro
660,000
Postal code
21000-
Area code+380 43
Sister citiesBirmingham, Kielce, Peterborough, Rybnytsia
Websitewww.vmr.gov.ua

Vinnytsia (Ukrainian: Ві́нниця, pronounced [ˈvinːɪt͡sʲɐ]; also known as Vinnytsya, Vinnitsa, Vinnica, Winnica, Winniza and Vinnița), is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podolia. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as an administrative center of Vinnytsia Raion, one of the 27 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. Population: 371,698 (2013 est.)[1].

A historic town known since Middle Ages and a former Soviet Cold War-airbase, Vinnytsia is now an industrial center (particularly, dominated by the Roshen corporation), a growing international IT-outsource center and the main base of the Ukrainian Air Force.

Geography

Vinnytsia is located about 260 km (160 mi) west of the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, 429 km (267 mi) north of the port city Odessa, and 369 km (229 mi) from Lviv.

It is the administrative center of the Vinnytsia Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Vinnytsia Raion (district) within the oblast. The city itself is directly subordinated to the oblast.

The current estimated population is 370,100.

Climate

A long lasting warm summer with a sufficient quantity of moisture and a comparatively short winter is characteristic of Vinnytsia. The average temperature in January is −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) and 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) in July. The average annual precipitation is 638 mm (25 in).

Throughout the year, 6–9 days per year include snowstorms, 37–60 days of the year include mists during the cold period, and 3–5 days include thunder storms with hail.

Climate data for Bar, Ukraine
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		36.5
(97.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		28.6
(83.5) 		19.9
(67.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		37.8
(100.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		5.2
(41.4) 		13.4
(56.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		22.7
(72.9) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.1
(22.8) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		1.2
(34.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		17.4
(63.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		13.4
(56.1) 		7.8
(46.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		7.7
(45.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		14.1
(57.4) 		13.4
(56.1) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		3.7
(38.7)
Record low °C (°F) −35.5
(−31.9) 		−33.6
(−28.5) 		−24.2
(−11.6) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		2.5
(36.5) 		5.2
(41.4) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−11.4
(11.5) 		−24.6
(−12.3) 		−27.2
(−17.0) 		−35.5
(−31.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29
(1.1) 		28
(1.1) 		30
(1.2) 		45
(1.8) 		50
(2.0) 		94
(3.7) 		83
(3.3) 		66
(2.6) 		64
(2.5) 		30
(1.2) 		37
(1.5) 		35
(1.4) 		591
(23.3)
Average rainy days 7 6 9 13 14 15 15 11 12 11 12 9 134
Mean monthly sunshine hours 58.9 70.6 114.7 171.0 248.0 255.0 266.6 260.4 195.0 133.3 57.0 40.3 1,870.8
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[2]
Source 2: Hong Kong Observatory.[3]

History

Vinnytsia has been an important trade and political center since the fourteenth century, when Fedir Koriatowicz, the nephew of the Lithuanian Duke Olgerd, built a fortress (1363) against Tatar raiders on the banks of the Southern Bug. From that time on, the town became a part of Lithuania, Poland, Turkey, Cossacks and eventually Russia, which annexed the city and region following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Russia moved to expunge the Roman Catholic religion – Catholic churches in the city (including what is now the Transfiguration Cathedral) were converted to Russian Orthodox churches.

In 1943, the invading Germans exumed almost 10,000 people, mostly male Ukrainians, from mass graves in Vinnytsia. The majority of the executions happened during the Stalinist Great Purge between 1937-1938 in the Vinnytsia massacre.

Adolf Hitler sited his easternmost headquarters Führerhauptquartier Werwolf near the town and spent a number of weeks there in 1942 and early 1943.

Nazi atrocities were committed in and near Vinnytsia by Einsatzgruppe C. Estimates of the number of victims run as high as 28,000. This included the virtual extinction of the town's large Jewish population. One infamous photo, The Last Jew of Vinnytsia, shows a member of Einsatzgruppe D about to execute a Jew kneeling before a mass grave.[4] The text The Last Jew of Vinnytsia was written on the back of the photograph, which was found in a photo album belonging to a German soldier.

In 1959, the United States Government reported that the Soviet Union had built an school for training KGB infiltrators in how to live in the United States in Vinnytsia. A mock-up of an entire American small town was built, complete with American-style stores, movie theater, houses, restaurants, American vehicles, and a small college campus that served as the classrooms of the school.[5][6]

Constructions

Mansion-museum[7] of Nikolay Pirogov.
Roshen Fountain[8] is the only one in Ukraine and the largest floating fountain in Europe, built in the river Southern Buh in Vinnytsia City near Festivalny Isle (Campa Isle)
Vinnitsa Regional Museum and Vinnitsa Regional Art Museum[9] (on the right)

Transport

Air

Havryshivka International Airport (IATA: VIN, ICAO: UKWW) is situated near Vinnytsia.[10][11] Since the end of World War II, Vinnytsia has been the home for major Soviet Air Forces base, including an airfield, a hospital, arsenals, and other military installations. The headquarters of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Strategic Rocket Forces was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to the early 1990s.[12] The 2nd Independent Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps, which later became 24th Air Army, was also stationed in Vinnitsa from 1960 to 1992. The Ukrainian Air Force Command has been based in Vinnytsia since 1992.

Notable people from Vinnytsia

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns — Sister cities

Vinnytsia is twinned with:[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України [Actual population of Ukraine] (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  2. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). May 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  3. ^ Climatological Information for Vinnitsa, Ukraine, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  4. ^ "The last Jew in Vinnitsa [1941", World's Famous Photos, Retrieved on 2010-08-26.
  5. ^ Author Unknown, (1959, April 27), RUSSIA: Iowa in the Ukraine, 'Time Magazine', Retrieved from http://content.time.com/
  6. ^ "Small Town Espionage - 1960 Soviet Spy School / CIA Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42". YouTube. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  7. ^ "The national Pirogov's estate museum". Pirogov.com.ua. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  8. ^ "About fountain :: Europe's largest floating fountain". Fountainroshen.com. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  9. ^ Vinnitsa Regional Art Museum
  10. ^ IATA: Airline and Airport Code Search. Enter code VIN in Search by Location Code, accessed 7 November 2011.
  11. ^ Information about the airport at airport-data.com. Accessed 7 November 2011.
  12. ^ "43rd Missile Army". Ww2.dk. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  13. ^ "Vinnytsia Twin Cities".
  14. ^ "Kardeş Şehirler". Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
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