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Revision as of 18:43, 1 April 2016
The Super Bowl is an annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL). The game culminates a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. The contest is held in an American city, chosen three to four years beforehand,[1] usually at warm-weather sites or domed stadiums.[2] Since January 1971, the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game has faced the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs. Normally, Roman numerals are used to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held. For example, Super Bowl I was played on January 15, 1967, following the 1966 regular season. The single exception to this rule was Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, following the 2015 regular season.
Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in four such contests. The first two were known as the "AFL-NFL World Championship Game". Super Bowl III in January 1969 was the first such game that carried the "Super Bowl" moniker, the names "Super Bowl I" and "Super Bowl II" were retroactively applied to the first two games.[3] The NFC/NFL leads in Super Bowl wins with 26, while the AFC/AFL has won 24. Nineteen different franchises, including teams that relocated to another city, have won the Super Bowl.[4]
The Pittsburgh Steelers (6–2) have won the most Super Bowls with six championships, while both the San Francisco 49ers (5–1) and Dallas Cowboys (5–3) have five wins. Dallas, Pittsburgh, New England and Denver have the most Super Bowl appearances with eight, while the Buffalo Bills (0–4) have the most consecutive appearances with four losses in a row from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins are the only other team to have at least three consecutive appearances: 1972–74. The Denver Broncos (3–5) have lost a record five Super Bowls. The New England Patriots (4–4), the Minnesota Vikings (0–4) and the Bills have lost four. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the 1966–67 Green Bay Packers, the 1972–73 Miami Dolphins, the 1974–75 and 1978–79 Pittsburgh Steelers (the only team to accomplish this feat twice), the 1988–89 San Francisco 49ers, the 1992–93 Dallas Cowboys, the 1997–98 Denver Broncos, and the 2003–04 New England Patriots. Among those, Dallas (1992–93; 1995) and New England (2001; 2003-04) are the only teams to win three out of four consecutive Super Bowls. The 1972 Dolphins' win is the only perfect season in NFL history. The only team with multiple Super Bowl appearances and no losses is the Baltimore Ravens, who in winning Super Bowl XLVII defeated and replaced the 49ers in that position. Four current NFL teams have never appeared in a Super Bowl, including franchise relocations and renaming: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans, though both the Browns (1964) and Lions (1957) had won NFL championship games prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.
Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)
Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances, as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:
- Winning team and Losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl as well as each respective teams' Super Bowl record to date.
- Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
- City column indicates number of times that that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970) | American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970) |
---|---|
NFL champion‡ (4, 2–2) |
AFL champion^ (4, 2–2) |
National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present) | American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present) |
NFC champion* (46, 24–22) |
AFC champion† (46, 22–24) |
Game | Date | Winning team | Score | Losing team | Venue | City | Attendance | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | January 15, 1967 | Green Bay Packers‡ (1, 1–0) |
35–10 | Kansas City Chiefs^ (1, 0–1) |
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | Los Angeles, California[note 1] | 61,946 | [10] |
II | January 14, 1968 | Green Bay Packers‡ (2, 2–0) |
33–14 | Oakland Raiders^ (1, 0–1) |
Miami Orange Bowl | Miami, Florida[note 2] | 75,546 | [12] |
III | January 12, 1969 | New York Jets^ (1, 1–0) |
16–7 | Baltimore Colts‡ (1, 0–1) |
Miami Orange Bowl (2) | Miami, Florida (2)[note 2] | 75,389 | [13] |
IV | January 11, 1970 | Kansas City Chiefs^ (2, 1–1) |
23–7 | Minnesota Vikings‡ (1, 0–1) |
Tulane Stadium | New Orleans, Louisiana | 80,562 | [14] |
V | January 17, 1971 | Baltimore Colts† (2, 1–1) |
16–13 | Dallas Cowboys* (1, 0–1) |
Miami Orange Bowl (3) | Miami, Florida (3)[note 2] | 79,204 | [15] |
VI | January 16, 1972 | Dallas Cowboys* (2, 1–1) |
24–3 | Miami Dolphins† (1, 0–1) |
Tulane Stadium (2) | New Orleans, Louisiana (2) | 81,023 | [16] |
VII | January 14, 1973 | Miami Dolphins† (2, 1–1) |
14–7 | Washington Redskins* (1, 0–1) |
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2) | Los Angeles, California (2)[note 1] | 90,182 | [17] |
VIII | January 13, 1974 | Miami Dolphins† (3, 2–1) |
24–7 | Minnesota Vikings* (2, 0–2) |
Rice Stadium | Houston, Texas | 71,882 | [18] |
IX | January 12, 1975 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (1, 1–0) |
16–6 | Minnesota Vikings* (3, 0–3) |
Tulane Stadium (3) | New Orleans, Louisiana (3) | 80,997 | [19] |
X | January 18, 1976 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (2, 2–0) |
21–17 | Dallas Cowboys* (3, 1–2) |
Miami Orange Bowl (4) | Miami, Florida (4)[note 2] | 80,187 | [20] |
XI | January 9, 1977 | Oakland Raiders† (2, 1–1) |
32–14 | Minnesota Vikings* (4, 0–4) |
Rose Bowl | Pasadena, California (3)[note 1] | 103,438 | [21] |
XII | January 15, 1978 | Dallas Cowboys* (4, 2–2) |
27–10 | Denver Broncos† (1, 0–1) |
Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans, Louisiana (4) | 76,400 | [22] |
XIII | January 21, 1979 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (3, 3–0) |
35–31 | Dallas Cowboys* (5, 2–3) |
Miami Orange Bowl (5) | Miami, Florida (5)[note 2] | 79,484 | [23] |
XIV | January 20, 1980 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (4, 4–0) |
31–19 | Los Angeles Rams* (1, 0–1) |
Rose Bowl (2) | Pasadena, California (4)[note 1] | 103,985 | [24] |
XV | January 25, 1981 | Oakland Raiders† (3, 2–1) |
27–10 | Philadelphia Eagles* (1, 0–1) |
Louisiana Superdome (2) | New Orleans, Louisiana (5) | 76,135 | [25] |
XVI | January 24, 1982 | San Francisco 49ers* (1, 1–0) |
26–21 | Cincinnati Bengals† (1, 0–1) |
Pontiac Silverdome | Pontiac, Michigan[note 1] | 81,270 | [26] |
XVII | January 30, 1983 | Washington Redskins* (2, 1–1) |
27–17 | Miami Dolphins† (4, 2–2) |
Rose Bowl (3) | Pasadena, California (5)[note 1] | 103,667 | [27] |
XVIII | January 22, 1984 | Los Angeles Raiders† (4, 3–1) |
38–9 | Washington Redskins* (3, 1–2) |
Tampa Stadium | Tampa, Florida | 72,920 | [28] |
XIX | January 20, 1985 | San Francisco 49ers* (2, 2–0) |
38–16 | Miami Dolphins† (5, 2–3) |
Stanford Stadium | Stanford, California[note 1] | 84,059 | [29] |
XX | January 26, 1986 | Chicago Bears* (1, 1–0) |
46–10 | New England Patriots† (1, 0–1) |
Louisiana Superdome (3) | New Orleans, Louisiana (6) | 73,818 | [30] |
XXI | January 25, 1987 | New York Giants* (1, 1–0) |
39–20 | Denver Broncos† (2, 0–2) |
Rose Bowl (4) | Pasadena, California (6)[note 1] | 101,063 | [31] |
XXII | January 31, 1988 | Washington Redskins* (4, 2–2) |
42–10 | Denver Broncos† (3, 0–3) |
Jack Murphy Stadium[note 3] | San Diego, California | 73,302 | [36] |
XXIII | January 22, 1989 | San Francisco 49ers* (3, 3–0) |
20–16 | Cincinnati Bengals† (2, 0–2) |
Joe Robbie Stadium[note 3] | Miami Gardens, Florida (6)[note 2] | 75,129 | [37] |
XXIV | January 28, 1990 | San Francisco 49ers* (4, 4–0) |
55–10 | Denver Broncos† (4, 0–4) |
Louisiana Superdome (4) | New Orleans, Louisiana (7) | 72,919 | [38] |
XXV | January 27, 1991 | New York Giants* (2, 2–0) |
20–19 | Buffalo Bills† (1, 0–1) |
Tampa Stadium (2) | Tampa, Florida (2) | 73,813 | [39] |
XXVI | January 26, 1992 | Washington Redskins* (5, 3–2) |
37–24 | Buffalo Bills† (2, 0–2) |
Metrodome | Minneapolis, Minnesota | 63,130 | [40] |
XXVII | January 31, 1993 | Dallas Cowboys* (6, 3–3) |
52–17 | Buffalo Bills† (3, 0–3) |
Rose Bowl (5) | Pasadena, California (7)[note 1] | 98,374 | [41] |
XXVIII | January 30, 1994 | Dallas Cowboys* (7, 4–3) |
30–13 | Buffalo Bills† (4, 0–4) |
Georgia Dome | Atlanta, Georgia | 72,817 | [42] |
XXIX | January 29, 1995 | San Francisco 49ers* (5, 5–0) |
49–26 | San Diego Chargers† (1, 0–1) |
Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 3] | Miami Gardens, Florida (7)[note 2] | 74,107 | [43] |
XXX | January 28, 1996 | Dallas Cowboys* (8, 5–3) |
27–17 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (5, 4–1) |
Sun Devil Stadium | Tempe, Arizona[note 1] | 76,347 | [44] |
XXXI | January 26, 1997 | Green Bay Packers* (3, 3–0) |
35–21 | New England Patriots† (2, 0–2) |
Louisiana Superdome (5) | New Orleans, Louisiana (8) | 72,301 | [45] |
XXXII | January 25, 1998 | Denver Broncos† (5, 1–4) |
31–24 | Green Bay Packers* (4, 3–1) |
Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 3] | San Diego, California (2) | 68,912 | [46] |
XXXIII | January 31, 1999 | Denver Broncos† (6, 2–4) |
34–19 | Atlanta Falcons* (1, 0–1) |
Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 3] | Miami Gardens, Florida (8)[note 2] | 74,803 | [47] |
XXXIV | January 30, 2000 | St. Louis Rams* (2, 1–1) |
23–16 | Tennessee Titans† (1, 0–1) |
Georgia Dome (2) | Atlanta, Georgia (2) | 72,625 | [48] |
XXXV | January 28, 2001 | Baltimore Ravens† (1, 1–0) |
34–7 | New York Giants* (3, 2–1) |
Raymond James Stadium | Tampa, Florida (3) | 71,921 | [49] |
XXXVI | February 3, 2002 | New England Patriots† (3, 1–2) |
20–17 | St. Louis Rams* (3, 1–2) |
Louisiana Superdome (6) | New Orleans, Louisiana (9) | 72,922 | [50] |
XXXVII | January 26, 2003 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers* (1, 1–0) |
48–21 | Oakland Raiders† (5, 3–2) |
Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 3] | San Diego, California (3) | 67,603 | [51] |
XXXVIII | February 1, 2004 | New England Patriots† (4, 2–2) |
32–29 | Carolina Panthers* (1, 0–1) |
Reliant Stadium[note 3] | Houston, Texas (2) | 71,525 | [52] |
XXXIX | February 6, 2005 | New England Patriots† (5, 3–2) |
24–21 | Philadelphia Eagles* (2, 0–2) |
ALLTEL Stadium | Jacksonville, Florida | 78,125 | [53] |
XL | February 5, 2006 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (6, 5–1) |
21–10 | Seattle Seahawks* (1, 0–1) |
Ford Field | Detroit, Michigan (2)[note 1] | 68,206 | [54] |
XLI | February 4, 2007 | Indianapolis Colts† (3, 2–1) |
29–17 | Chicago Bears* (2, 1–1) |
Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 3] | Miami Gardens, Florida (9)[note 2] | 74,512 | [55] |
XLII | February 3, 2008 | New York Giants* (4, 3–1) |
17–14 | New England Patriots† (6, 3–3) |
University of Phoenix Stadium | Glendale, Arizona (2)[note 1] | 71,101 | [56] |
XLIII | February 1, 2009 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (7, 6–1) |
27–23 | Arizona Cardinals* (1, 0–1) |
Raymond James Stadium (2) | Tampa, Florida (4) | 70,774 | [57] |
XLIV | February 7, 2010 | New Orleans Saints* (1, 1–0) |
31–17 | Indianapolis Colts† (4, 2–2) |
Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 3] | Miami Gardens, Florida (10)[note 2] | 74,059 | [58] |
XLV | February 6, 2011 | Green Bay Packers* (5, 4–1) |
31–25 | Pittsburgh Steelers† (8, 6–2) |
Cowboys Stadium | Arlington, Texas | 103,219 | [59] |
XLVI | February 5, 2012 | New York Giants* (5, 4–1) |
21–17 | New England Patriots† (7, 3–4) |
Lucas Oil Stadium | Indianapolis, Indiana | 68,658 | [60][61] |
XLVII | February 3, 2013 | Baltimore Ravens† (2, 2–0) |
34–31 | San Francisco 49ers* (6, 5–1) |
Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7) | New Orleans, Louisiana (10) | 71,024 | [60][62] |
XLVIII | February 2, 2014 | Seattle Seahawks* (2, 1–1) |
43–8 | Denver Broncos† (7, 2–5) |
MetLife Stadium | East Rutherford, New Jersey | 82,529 | [63] |
XLIX | February 1, 2015 | New England Patriots† (8, 4–4) |
28–24 | Seattle Seahawks* (3, 1–2) |
University of Phoenix Stadium (2) | Glendale, Arizona (3)[note 1] | 70,288 | [64][65] |
50 | February 7, 2016 | Denver Broncos† (8, 3–5) |
24–10 | Carolina Panthers* (2, 0–2) |
Levi's Stadium | Santa Clara, California (2)[note 1] | 71,088 | [65][66][67] |
LI | February 5, 2017 [note 4] | 2016–17 AFC champion† at 2016–17 NFC champion* | — | To be determined (TBD) | NRG Stadium (2)[note 3] | Houston, Texas (3) | TBD | [65][66][67] |
LII | February 4, 2018 [note 4] | 2017–18 NFC champion* at 2017–18 AFC champion† | — | To be determined (TBD) | U.S. Bank Stadium | Minneapolis, Minnesota (2) | TBD | [68][69] |
Consecutive repeat winners
Seven different franchises have won consecutive Super Bowls, one of which has accomplished it twice:
- Green Bay Packers (Super Bowls I and II)
- Miami Dolphins (VII and VIII)
- Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X as well as XIII and XIV)
- San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
- Dallas Cowboys (XXVII and XXVIII)
- Denver Broncos (XXXII and XXXIII)
- New England Patriots (XXXVIII and XXXIX)
No franchise has yet won three Super Bowls in a row, although several have come close:
- The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, and also won the NFL championship the preceding year.
- The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (VI, VII, and VIII), winning the last two.
- The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders.
- The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.
- The Dallas Cowboys won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXVII and XXVIII); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship game by the eventual champion San Francisco 49ers. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX the following year for three wins in four seasons.
Super Bowl appearances by team
NFL‡/NFC* teams (26 wins) | AFL^/AFC† teams (24 wins) |
NFL‡/AFC† team[note 5] |
In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by year of first appearance. In the "Season(s)" column, bold years indicate winning seasons.
Teams with no Super Bowl appearances
Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:
- Detroit Lions, NFL champions four times in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in one other NFL Championship Game in 1954; and appeared in one NFC Championship Game in 1991[70]
- Cleveland Browns, NFL champions four times in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in seven other NFL championship games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1965, 1968, and 1969; and appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1986, 1987, and 1989[71] The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference, joined the NFL in 1950, suspended operations from 1996–1998, and resumed play in 1999.[72] The Baltimore Ravens were an expansion team created in 1996 with former Browns players.[73]
- Jacksonville Jaguars, 1995 expansion team; appeared in two AFC Championship Games in 1996 and 1999[74]
- Houston Texans, 2002 expansion team; two Divisional Round appearances in 2011 and 2012.
In addition, Detroit, Houston and Jacksonville have hosted Super Bowls; this means Cleveland is the only current NFL city that has neither hosted, nor had its team play in, a Super Bowl.
Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories
Nine teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In descending order of number of appearances, they are:
- Buffalo Bills (4), appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their second and last AFL championship was in 1965, the season before the first Super Bowl.
- Minnesota Vikings (4), appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They were NFL champions in 1969, the last year before the AFL–NFL merger.
- Cincinnati Bengals (2), appeared in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. An AFL expansion team in 1968, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
- Philadelphia Eagles (2), appeared in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX. Their last championship was in 1960.
- Carolina Panthers (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. A post-merger expansion team, their first season was in 1995.
- Arizona Cardinals (1), appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals.
- Atlanta Falcons (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXXIII. An expansion team in 1966, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
- San Diego Chargers (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXIX. Their only AFL championship was in 1963.
- Tennessee Titans (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. Their second and last AFL championship was in 1961 as the Houston Oilers.
Teams with long Super Bowl droughts
The following eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl, but not since 1995, meaning their droughts are longer than Jacksonville's and Houston's.
Two of these teams have not appeared in the Super Bowl since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[75]
- New York Jets (most recently appeared in Super Bowl III, 1968 season)
- Kansas City Chiefs (Super Bowl IV in 1969 season)
The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:
- Minnesota Vikings (Super Bowl XI, 1976 season)
- Miami Dolphins (Super Bowl XIX, 1984 season)
- Cincinnati Bengals (Super Bowl XXIII, 1988 season)
- Washington Redskins (Super Bowl XXVI, 1991 season)
- Buffalo Bills (Super Bowl XXVIII, 1993 season)
- San Diego Chargers (Super Bowl XXIX, 1994 season)
Super Bowl rematches
The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:
- Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers (3) – Super Bowls X and XIII were won by Pittsburgh, and Super Bowl XXX was won by Dallas. See also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry.
- Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins (2) – Super Bowl VII was won by Miami, and Super Bowl XVII was won by Washington.
- Cincinnati Bengals and San Francisco 49ers (2) – Super Bowls XVI and XXIII were both won by San Francisco.
- Buffalo Bills and Dallas Cowboys (2) – Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII were both won by Dallas, in consecutive seasons.
- New England Patriots and New York Giants (2) – Super Bowls XLII and XLVI were both won by New York.
See also
- History of National Football League championship
- List of AFC champions
- List of NFC champions
- List of NFL champions
- List of Super Bowl records
- Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award
- List of NFL franchise post-season droughts
- List of NFL franchise post-season streaks
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Both Los Angeles and Pasadena, California, are in the Greater Los Angeles Area.[5] Pontiac, Michigan, is a suburb of Detroit.[6] Both Tempe and Glendale are suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona.[7][8] Both Stanford and Santa Clara are part of the San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area.[9]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Miami Gardens was incorporated as a suburb of Miami in 2003. Prior to that, it had been an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County but the stadium had a Miami address.[11]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stadium renaming. Qualcomm Stadium was originally known as San Diego Stadium and Jack Murphy Stadium.[32] Dolphin Stadium has also been variously known over the years as Joe Robbie Stadium, Pro Player Park, Pro Player Stadium, Land Shark Stadium, and Dolphins Stadium (with a plural "s"). Its subsequent name of Dolphin Stadium (with no "s") was also the original name it was given when first built. It is currently known as Sun Life Stadium.[33][34] NRG Stadium was originally known as Reliant Stadium.[35]
- ^ a b Dates are tentative, pending possible future changes to the NFL calendar.
- ^ a b c d The Colts moved over to the newly formed AFC in 1970. Additionally, two other teams also made the move from the old NFL, the Steelers and Browns.
References
- ^ Forbes, Gordon (November 8, 1990). "The process of choosing a host city". USA Today. p. 4C.
- ^ "Super Bowl cities are far and few between". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
- ^ "Culture in History Of The Nfl". Shmoop.com. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
- ^ "Super Bowl History". NFL.com. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^ "Pasadena, California". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "Pontiac, Michigan". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
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(help) - ^ "Glendale, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
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(help) - ^ "Tempe, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
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(help) - ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01 - The White House" (PDF). Federal government of the United States. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
- ^ Maule, Tex (January 23, 1967). "Bread-and-butter Packers". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ Klitzing, Michael (July 10, 2006). "Special report: The Stadium Dilemma". North County Times. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl 2: Lombardi's Starr Rises". Sporting News. January 14, 1968. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
- ^ "Super Bowl 3: The Broadway Joe Show". Sporting News. January 12, 1969. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl IV". CBS News. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl V". CBS News. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
- ^ Maule, Tex (January 24, 1972). "A Cowboy Stampede". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ Maule, Tex (January 22, 1973). "17–0–0". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ Maule, Tex (January 21, 1974). "It Was The Day Of The Dolphins". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ Jenkins, Dan (January 20, 1975). "Pittsburgh Punches It Out". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
- ^ Jenkins, Dan (January 26, 1976). "Dallas Feels The Steeler Crunch". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Jenkins, Dan (January 17, 1977). "The Raiders Were All Suped Up". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl 12: Orange Crushed". Sporting News. January 15, 1978. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl 13: Dumb Like a F–O–X". Sporting News. January 21, 1979. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl XIV: Pittsburgh Steelers 31, Los Angeles Rams 19". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XV". CNN Sports Illustrated. Time Warner. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl 16: 49ers Strike It Rich". Sporting News. January 24, 1982. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Zimmerman, Paul (February 7, 1983). "Hail To The Redskins!". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Zimmerman, Paul (January 30, 1984). "A Runaway For The Raiders". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Zimmerman, Paul (January 28, 1985). "The Niners Were Never Finer". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Magee, Jerry (January 28, 2007). "'85 Bears never lost in shuffle". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXI: New York Giants 39, Denver Broncos 20". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Levine, Stuart (December 22, 2008). "15 years after the NFL left L.A., SoCal fans bolt to Qualcomm". ESPN. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
- ^ "Ross said the agreement to change the name from Dolphin Stadium is for this season only and expires before the stadium plays host to the Super Bowl in February." "Dolphins' home renamed Land Shark Stadium in deal with singer Buffett". Associated Press. May 10, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
- ^ "Sun Life Stadium". ESPN. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
- ^ http://www.chron.com/news/politics/houston/article/Reliant-Park-will-now-be-NRG-5331970.php
- ^ "Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XXII". CNN Sports Illustrated. Time Warner. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ Almond, Elliott (January 23, 1989). "49ers Defeat Bengals, 20–16, in Super Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
- ^ "Super Bowl 24: 49ers Pound Outmanned Broncos". Sporting News. January 28, 1990. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Super Bowl XXV". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXVI". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXVII". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXVIII". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXIX". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXX". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXXI". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXXII". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
- ^ "Super Bowl XXXIII". NFL. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
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{{cite web}}
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(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=
|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Rosenthal, Gregg (December 23, 2013). "San Francisco awarded Super Bowl". NFL.com. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
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External links