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In August 2008 Black's 19-year-old son Derek was elected to one of 111 seats on the Palm Beach County, Florida, Republican committee, with 167 of 287 votes.<ref name="nytpbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/12/us/12florida.html|work=The New York Times|title=A Local Election's Results Raise Major Questions on Race|first=Damien|last=Cave|date=2008-12-12|accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/Derek-Black.htm ADL.org]</ref><ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/canada/toronto-star/20161022/282815010780075 "Black & White"]. ''Toronto Star'', pages IN6-7. Eli Saslow.</ref> The committee has refused to seat Black, citing a loyalty oath he failed to sign before registering his candidacy. The oath states candidates must refrain from activities "likely to injure the name of the Republican Party."<ref name="nytpbc"/> He hosted the [[Derek Black Show]] weekdays on a local West Palm Beach, Florida, AM radio station, [[WPBR]], to which Don Black paid $600 a week to broadcast content on. The radio show concluded in January 2013, with Derek Black appearing on few episodes over the last year.<ref name="Contributions"/>
In August 2008 Black's 19-year-old son Derek was elected to one of 111 seats on the Palm Beach County, Florida, Republican committee, with 167 of 287 votes.<ref name="nytpbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/12/us/12florida.html|work=The New York Times|title=A Local Election's Results Raise Major Questions on Race|first=Damien|last=Cave|date=2008-12-12|accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/Derek-Black.htm ADL.org]</ref><ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/canada/toronto-star/20161022/282815010780075 "Black & White"]. ''Toronto Star'', pages IN6-7. Eli Saslow.</ref> The committee has refused to seat Black, citing a loyalty oath he failed to sign before registering his candidacy. The oath states candidates must refrain from activities "likely to injure the name of the Republican Party."<ref name="nytpbc"/> He hosted the [[Derek Black Show]] weekdays on a local West Palm Beach, Florida, AM radio station, [[WPBR]], to which Don Black paid $600 a week to broadcast content on. The radio show concluded in January 2013, with Derek Black appearing on few episodes over the last year.<ref name="Contributions"/>


Recently, Derek Black's racist ideologies have come into question.<ref name="Potok">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/12/18/derek-black-have-stormfront-founders-sons-politics-changed|title=Derek Black: Have Stormfront Founder’s Son’s Politics Changed?|first=Mark|last=Potok|work=SPLC|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=July 17, 2013}}</ref> He has renounced white supremacism and issued an apology to those harmed by his previous actions and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Derek-Black-letter-to-Mark-Potok-Hatewtach.pdf |title=Letter to Mark Potok of Hatewatch |last=Black |first=Derek |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810032924/http://www.splcenter.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Derek-Black-letter-to-Mark-Potok-Hatewtach.pdf |archivedate=August 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Potok2">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2013/07/17/activist-son-of-key-racist-leader-renounces-white-nationalism|title=Activist Son of Key Racist Leader Renounces White Nationalism|first=Mark|last=Potok|accessdate=July 17, 2013}}</ref> This renunciation reportedly shocked his father and like-minded people.<ref name="Potok3">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2013/07/18/racists-reach-with-shock-anger-to-fellow-activists-renunciation|title=Racists React With Shock, Anger to Fellow Activist's Renunciation|first=Mark|last=Potok|work=SPLC|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=July 18, 2013}}</ref>
Recently,{{when?}} Derek Black's racist ideologies have come into question.<ref name="Potok">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/12/18/derek-black-have-stormfront-founders-sons-politics-changed|title=Derek Black: Have Stormfront Founder’s Son’s Politics Changed?|first=Mark|last=Potok|work=SPLC|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=July 17, 2013}}</ref> He has renounced white supremacism and issued an apology to those harmed by his previous actions and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Derek-Black-letter-to-Mark-Potok-Hatewtach.pdf |title=Letter to Mark Potok of Hatewatch |last=Black |first=Derek |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810032924/http://www.splcenter.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Derek-Black-letter-to-Mark-Potok-Hatewtach.pdf |archivedate=August 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Potok2">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2013/07/17/activist-son-of-key-racist-leader-renounces-white-nationalism|title=Activist Son of Key Racist Leader Renounces White Nationalism|first=Mark|last=Potok|accessdate=July 17, 2013}}</ref> This renunciation reportedly shocked his father and like-minded people.<ref name="Potok3">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2013/07/18/racists-reach-with-shock-anger-to-fellow-activists-renunciation|title=Racists React With Shock, Anger to Fellow Activist's Renunciation|first=Mark|last=Potok|work=SPLC|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=July 18, 2013}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 00:58, 27 November 2016

Don Black
Don Black (middle) standing with his son Derek (right) and American politician Ron Paul
Born
Stephen Donald Black

(1953-07-28) July 28, 1953 (age 71)
Athens, Alabama
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Alabama[1]
Known forStormfront[2]
Political partyAmerican Nazi
SpouseChloe Black[3]
ChildrenDerek Black[4]
WebsiteStormfront

Stephen Donald "Don" Black[5] (born July 28, 1953) is an American white nationalist and white supremacist.[6][7] He is the founder, and current webmaster, of the Stormfront internet forum.[8] He was a Grand Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan and a member of the American Nazi Party in the 1970s,[9][10] though at the time he was a member it was known as the 'National Socialist White Peoples' Party'.[11] He was convicted in 1981 for an attempted armed overthrow of the government in the island of Dominica in violation of the U.S. Neutrality Act.[12][13]

Early life

Stephen Donald Black was born in Athens, Alabama, and became a white supremacy advocate at an early age when he began passing out racist newspapers White Power and the Thunderbolt at his high school. This led to a decision by the local school board to ban the distribution of political literature. Black countered by mailing literature to student addresses obtained from school handbooks. He said in an interview that growing up in the South during the turmoil of the civil rights movement made him aware from a "White" political perspective.[14]

In the summer of 1970, after his junior year at Athens High School, Black traveled to Savannah, Georgia, to work on the gubernatorial campaign of J.B. Stoner, a segregationist and leader of the National States' Rights Party (NSRP). It was in this election that Jimmy Carter won the Georgia governorship. Don Black was asked to obtain a copy of the NSRP membership list by Robert Lloyd, a leader of the National Socialist White People's Party, formerly known as the American Nazi Party.[15] At the time, Black was a member of the Party's youth branch, the National Socialist Youth Movement.

Also working on the Stoner campaign was Jerry Ray, brother of Martin Luther King's assassin James Earl Ray. On July 25, 1970, Jerry Ray shot Black (who was 16 at the time) in the chest with a .38-caliber hollow-point bullet to stop him from taking files from Stoner's campaign office.[16] Ray was acquitted of all charges, saying he shot in self-defense after Black reached for what appeared to be a weapon.[17][18][19]

Black finished his senior year at Madison Academy (Alabama), a private school in Huntsville. Then after high school, Black graduated from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa in 1975.[1]

The Ku Klux Klan and Operation Red Dog

Black joined the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in 1975, one year after David Duke took over the organization. He moved to Birmingham to become the group's state organizer. After the resignation of Duke in 1978, Black became Grand Wizard, or national director, of the Klan. In 1979, he ran for mayor of Birmingham, receiving 2.5 percent of the vote.[20] Richard Arrington, Jr. won the mayoral election, becoming Birmingham's first African American mayor.[21]

On April 27, 1981, Black and nine other would-be mercenaries – many recruited from Klan affiliated organizations – were arrested in New Orleans as they prepared to board a boat stocked with weapons and ammunition to invade the island nation Dominica in what they would call Operation Red Dog.[22] However, the local media would label the botched attempt the "Bayou of Pigs", a play on words for the unsuccessful 1961 "Bay of Pigs Invasion" of Cuba.

Black later explained the invasion as an attempt to set up an anti-communist regime, saying, "What we were doing was in the best interests of the United States and its security in the hemisphere, and we feel betrayed by our own government,"[10] The invasion was intended to restore former prime minister Patrick John to the mostly black Caribbean island. Prosecutors said the real purpose for the invasion would have been to set up tourism, gambling, offshore banking, and timber logging operations on the impoverished island.

In 1981, Black was sentenced to three years in prison for his role in the attempted invasion and his violation of the Neutrality Act.[23][24] Black, Federal Bureau of Prisons #16692-034, was released on November 15, 1984.[25] During his time in federal prison Black took computer programming classes which led him to establish Stormfront on the Internet years later.[10] In 1986 Black rethought his commitment to the KKK, resigning from the group in 1987.[citation needed]

He ran for office in Alabama, this time as a Populist Party US Senate candidate.[26][27]

Stormfront

Main article: Stormfront (website)

In 1995, Black founded Stormfront, which was the internet's first major White Nationalist web site. To date, it remains one of the most popular online resources for those drawn to racial ideologies.[28] Stormfront featured the writings of William Luther Pierce and David Duke, as well as works by the Institute for Historical Review. Initially, along with these articles, Stormfront housed a library of white pride, neo-Nazi and white power skinhead graphics for downloading, and a number of links to other white nationalist websites.

In a 1998 interview for the alternative weekly newspaper Miami New Times, Black is quoted as saying "We want to take America back. We know a multicultural Yugoslav nation can't hold up for too long. Whites won't have any choice but to take military action. It's our children whose interests we have to defend."[10] In December 2007, Black gained attention for donating money to Ron Paul's 2008 presidential run.[29]

In 1999, Don Black created the website "martinlutherking.org", which is administered by Stormfront.[30] This innocuous appearing website ostensibly was created to malign the character of King.

In 2008, Black said that the establishment of white pride as a special interest group within the Republican Party is crucial.[31] Asked by an interviewer for Italian newspaper la Repubblica if Stormfront was not just the new Ku Klux Klan, Black responded affirmatively[clarification needed], though he noted that he would never say so to an American journalist.[31]

On May 5, 2009 it was announced that Black was one of 22 on a British Home Office list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom[32] for "promoting serious criminal activity and fostering hatred that might lead to inter-community violence".[5][33]

Stormfront forum acts as one of the largest online gathering of Holocaust deniers in the world, with hundreds of thousands of views on threads about revising WW2 history.[citation needed] A number of radio shows published by Black's web site have featured Holocaust denial themes.

Black asks website visitors for $7,500 each month for "basic expenses" and described early 2012 as the "slowest month" for donations.[34] The website allows people to be "Sustaining Members" for $5 a month, $30 a month for a CORE Support membership, or $1,000 for a lifetime supporter.[34]

Family

In 2008, it was revealed Don Black's wife, Chloe, works as an executive assistant for sugar baron Pepe Fanjul who runs the Florida Crystals company and owns a real estate business in Latin American countries.[3] In particular, her job duties included acting as the spokesperson for a charter school "to lift underprivileged black and Hispanic children out of poverty."[35]

The story was successively reported by Gawker, the New York Post, the Palm Beach Post, and Fox News, and resulted in Black being criticized by some other white nationalists.[35][36][37][38][39] Chloe was previously married to David Duke.[3]

In August 2008 Black's 19-year-old son Derek was elected to one of 111 seats on the Palm Beach County, Florida, Republican committee, with 167 of 287 votes.[4][40][41] The committee has refused to seat Black, citing a loyalty oath he failed to sign before registering his candidacy. The oath states candidates must refrain from activities "likely to injure the name of the Republican Party."[4] He hosted the Derek Black Show weekdays on a local West Palm Beach, Florida, AM radio station, WPBR, to which Don Black paid $600 a week to broadcast content on. The radio show concluded in January 2013, with Derek Black appearing on few episodes over the last year.[34]

Recently,[when?] Derek Black's racist ideologies have come into question.[42] He has renounced white supremacism and issued an apology to those harmed by his previous actions and beliefs.[43][44] This renunciation reportedly shocked his father and like-minded people.[45]

References

  1. ^ a b "Don Black / Stormfront". Anti-Defamation League. 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
  2. ^ Michael Wines and Stephanie Saul (July 5, 2015). "White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites". The New York Times. Retrieved July 6, 2015. ...he later ushered in the movement's Internet era with Stormfront.org in 1995….
  3. ^ a b c "Billionaire won't fire assistant for KKK link". New York Post. October 8, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  4. ^ a b c Cave, Damien (2008-12-12). "A Local Election's Results Raise Major Questions on Race". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
  5. ^ a b "UK 'least wanted' list published", BBC News, 2009-05-05. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
  6. ^ Swain, Carol Miller; Russ Nieli (2003). Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-521-81673-1.
  7. ^ Daniels, Jessie (2009). Cyber racism: white supremacy online and the new attack on civil rights. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-7425-6158-8.
  8. ^ Sources which consider Stormfront a white supremacist website are:
  9. ^ Etchingham, Julie (January 12, 2000). "Hate.com expands on the net". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
  10. ^ a b c d David Schwab Abel (1998-02-19). "The Racist Next Door". Miami New Times. Retrieved 2008-07-20. (Stormfront copy of original article. Alternate link available here.)
  11. ^ Bridges, Tyler The Rise of David Duke University Press of Mississippi (Sep 1995) ISBN 978-0-87805-684-2 p.40 [1]
  12. ^ Lloyd, Robin (August 12, 1999). "Web trackers hunt racist groups online". CNN. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
  13. ^ McKelvey, Tara (August 16, 2001). "Father and son team on hate site". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  14. ^ Kent Faulk (October 19, 1997). "White supremacist former KKK leader spreads views on net". Stormfront.org.
  15. ^ H. Michael Barrett. "The 1970 Split In The NSWPP: A First Hand Account"
  16. ^ "Hate Website Stormfront Sees Rapid Growth of Neo-Nazi Community". Intelligence Report. 2005. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
  17. ^ "Man Acquitted Of Shooting Nazi". The Dispatch. November 25, 1970. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  18. ^ "Jerry Ray Acquitted". The Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina). November 25, 1970.
  19. ^ "Earl Ray's Kin Acquitted On Assault Charge," Press-Courier, November 27, 1970
  20. ^ "Parsons, Arrington In Runoff," Gadsden Times, Oct 11, 1979
  21. ^ "Birmingham Gets First Black Mayor," Eugene Register-Guard, Oct 31, 1979
  22. ^ Operation Red Dog is the subject of Stewart Bell, Bayou of Pigs: The True Story of an Audacious Plot to Turn a Tropical Island into a Criminal Paradise (John Wiley & Sons, 2008).
  23. ^ "Conspirators Get Three Years," Star-News, 23 July 1981
  24. ^ "U.S. Prosectors Pushing Hunt for Backers of Dominica Coup," Record-Journal, 22 June 1981
  25. ^ "Stephen D Black." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on December 2, 2010.
  26. ^ "Fringe Party Offers Help to Candidate," Miami Herald - Aug 11, 1990
  27. ^ "Klansmen See Populist Party as Best Vechile, Candidate Says," South Florida Sun - Sentinel, 16 April 1990
  28. ^ Cohen-Almagor, Raphael. The Scope of Tolerance: Studies on the costs of free expression and freedom of the press. Routledge, 2005. 254.
  29. ^ Floridatoday.com at the Wayback Machine (archived January 25, 2008)
  30. ^ Ibanga, Imaeyen (June 12, 2009). "Hate Groups Effectively Use Web as a Recruiting Tool", abcnews.go.com; accessed May 27, 2016.
  31. ^ a b Mario Calabresi (2008-10-29). "Fermeremo Barack Obama siamo il nuovo Ku Klux Klan". la Repubblica. Retrieved 2008-11-17. Quote from Black: "Non è più tempo per cercare di creare un terzo partito destinato alla marginalità, dobbiamo presentarci ad ogni elezione primaria dentro il partito repubblicano così da imporre i nostri temi nel dibattito, dobbiamo lavorare per creare un nostro gruppo di interesse, per restaurare le tradizioni e i veri valori bianchi". This translates as: "There is no more time to try to create a third party for the marginalized, we must enter every primary election within the Republican Party to impose our issues in the debate, we must work to create our special interest group, to restore tradition and true white values."
  32. ^ "Home Office name hate promoters excluded from the UK", Home Office Press Release, 5 May 2009
  33. ^ "Who is on UK 'least wanted' list?", BBC News, 2009-05-05. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
  34. ^ a b c "Contributions in July". Stormfront.org. 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
  35. ^ a b "Woman With Ties to White Supremacists Represents School for Blacks and Hispanics". Fox News. 2008-07-30.
  36. ^ Heidi Beirich (July 28, 2008). "Stormfront Founder's Wife Sets Off Firestorm". Splcenter.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ John Lantigua (July 26, 2008). "Local organizer, other supremacists say Obama's run boosts their cause". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Wtf: The Socialite's Nazi Publicist. gawker.com. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  39. ^ "Sugar Baron Aide's KKK link". New York Post. 2008-07-19.
  40. ^ ADL.org
  41. ^ "Black & White". Toronto Star, pages IN6-7. Eli Saslow.
  42. ^ Potok, Mark. "Derek Black: Have Stormfront Founder's Son's Politics Changed?". SPLC. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  43. ^ Black, Derek (July 15, 2013). "Letter to Mark Potok of Hatewatch" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ Potok, Mark. "Activist Son of Key Racist Leader Renounces White Nationalism". Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  45. ^ Potok, Mark. "Racists React With Shock, Anger to Fellow Activist's Renunciation". SPLC. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 18, 2013.

Further reading

  • Swain, Carol M.; Russ Nieli (2003-03-24). Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81673-4.


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