Kwasi Kwarteng
Kwasi Kwarteng | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
Assumed office 6 September 2022 | |
Prime Minister | Liz Truss |
Preceded by | Nadhim Zahawi |
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy | |
In office 8 January 2021 – 6 September 2022 | |
Prime Minister | Boris Johnson |
Preceded by | Alok Sharma |
Succeeded by | Jacob Rees-Mogg |
Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth | |
In office 24 July 2019 – 8 January 2021 | |
Prime Minister | Boris Johnson |
Preceded by | Claire Perry |
Succeeded by | Anne-Marie Trevelyan |
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union | |
In office 16 November 2018 – 24 July 2019 | |
Prime Minister | Theresa May |
Preceded by | Suella Braverman |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Member of Parliament for Spelthorne | |
Assumed office 6 May 2010 | |
Preceded by | David Wilshire |
Majority | 18,393 (37.2%) |
Personal details | |
Born | Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng 26 May 1975 London, England |
Political party | Conservative |
Spouse |
Harriet Edwards (m. 2019) |
Children | 1 |
Residence | 11 Downing Street |
Education | Trinity College, Cambridge (BA, PhD) Harvard University |
Website | Campaign website |
Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng (born 26 May 1975)[1][2] is a British politician serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer since 2022. He previously served as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2021 to 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Spelthorne in northern Surrey since 2010.
In November 2018, Kwarteng was appointed Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Exiting the European Union. Following the election of Boris Johnson as Prime Minister in July 2019, Kwarteng was promoted to Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth, attending Cabinet as part of the role. In January 2021, Kwarteng was promoted to Business Secretary. After Johnson resigned in 2022, Kwarteng supported Liz Truss’s bid to become Conservative leader. Following Truss's appointment as Prime Minister, she appointed Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Initially an economic historian, Kwarteng is the first black MP to serve as a Secretary of State. As the first black Chancellor, he is also the first black person to serve in a Great Office of State.
Early life and education
Kwarteng was born in the London Borough of Waltham Forest on 26 May 1975,[3] the only child[4] of Alfred K. Kwarteng and Charlotte Boaitey-Kwarteng, who had emigrated from Ghana as students in the 1960s.[5][6] His mother is a barrister[7] and his father an economist in the Commonwealth Secretariat.[6][8]
After starting school at a state primary school, Kwarteng attended Colet Court, an independent preparatory school in London, where he won the Harrow History Prize in 1988.[9] Kwarteng then went to Eton College, where he was a King's Scholar and was awarded the Newcastle Scholarship prize.[10] He read classics and history at Trinity College, Cambridge, achieving a first[10] and twice winning the Browne Medal.[11] He was a member of the team which won the BBC quiz show University Challenge in 1995.[6][12] At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club, and has since returned to visit.[13] He attended[vague] Harvard University on a Kennedy Scholarship,[10] and then earned a PhD in economic history from the University of Cambridge in 2000.[14]
Early career
Before becoming a member of parliament, Kwarteng worked as a columnist for The Daily Telegraph and as a financial analyst at JPMorgan Chase as well as at WestLB and the hedge fund Odey Asset Management.[15][16][17] He wrote a book, Ghosts of Empire, about the legacy of the British Empire, published by Bloomsbury in 2011.[6] He also co-authored Gridlock Nation with Jonathan Dupont in 2011, about the causes of and solutions to traffic congestion in Britain.[18]
Early political career
Considered "a rising star on the right of the party" in 2015,[19] Kwarteng was the Conservative candidate in the constituency of Brent East at the 2005 general election. He finished in third place.[20] Kwarteng was chairman of the conservative think tank Bow Group in 2006.[21] In the same year, The Times suggested that he could become the first black Conservative cabinet minister.[22] He was sixth on the Conservative list of candidates for the London Assembly in the 2008 London Assembly election, but was not elected, as the Conservatives obtained only three London-wide list seats.[23][24]
Parliamentary career
2010 election and tenure
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kwasi_Kwarteng.jpg/220px-Kwasi_Kwarteng.jpg)
Kwarteng was selected as the Conservative candidate for Spelthorne at an open primary in January 2010 after the incumbent Conservative MP, David Wilshire, became mired in controversy arising from the Parliamentary expenses scandal and announced that he would be retiring from Parliament at the next general election.[25]
Kwarteng won the seat with a majority of 10,019 votes (21.2%).[26] Kwarteng did not vote on the backbench EU Referendum Bill in October 2011.[27] Kwarteng criticised the Help to Buy housing scheme as inflationary in 2013.[28]
In 2014, his book War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures and Debt was published. It is a history of capital and the enduring ability of money, when combined with speculation, to ruin societies.[29] In 2015 his next book, Thatcher's Trial: Six Months That Defined a Leader, was published.[30]
Kwarteng was re-elected at the 2015 general election with an increased majority of 14,152 votes.[31] Kwarteng backed the UK's withdrawal from the European Union in the 2016 referendum.[32]
Early ministerial career (2017–2019)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Official_portrait_of_Kwasi_Kwarteng.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Kwasi_Kwarteng.jpg)
Following the 2017 general election, Kwarteng was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond.[33] On 16 November 2018, Kwarteng replaced Suella Braverman as a minister in the Department for Exiting the EU.[34]
Kwarteng was a vocal supporter of Boris Johnson in the 2016 and 2019 Conservative Party leadership elections.[citation needed] After Johnson's victory in the latter election, on 25 July 2019 Kwarteng was appointed Minister of State at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy along with Jo Johnson, brother of the Prime Minister.[35] He was appointed to the Privy Council on the same day.[36]
In September 2019, Kwarteng stated on The Andrew Neil Show: "I'm not saying this, but, many people are saying that the judges are biased"[37] after the Court of Session ruled that Boris Johnson's prorogation of parliament was illegal. Kwarteng added: "The extent to which lawyers and judges are interfering in politics is something that concerns many people." Defence Secretary Ben Wallace and the then Housing Secretary Robert Jenrick distanced themselves from his comments and defended the judiciary. Opposition MPs, the chair of the Bar Council, and the chair of the Law Society of England and Wales criticised his comments.[37][38]
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2021–2022)
On 8 January 2021, as part of a mini-reshuffle, he replaced Alok Sharma as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.[39] He has committed his department to cutting global emissions to stop climate change.[40]
Dissolving ISC
In March 2021, he was criticised for dissolving the Industrial Strategy Council, the advisory body seeking to regenerate Britain's regions.[41] In the days after the COP26 climate summit, Kwarteng met oil industry bosses to encourage them to continue drilling in the North Sea.[42]
In January 2022, while on a trip to Saudi Arabia, Kwarteng accepted flights and hospitality from Saudi Aramco, the majority state-owned energy firm. Kwarteng was also gifted a £300 Lenovo tablet. The BEIS department transparency data revealed that Kwarteng travelled to Saudi Arabia on a commercial flight costing the taxpayer £4430. He also visited Aramco's Shaybah oil field with the Saudi energy minister, although this was not logged in BEIS transparency records. Many politicians criticised Kwarteng taking the Saudi state's hospitality, particularly in light of their human rights record, while others have raised concern whether he has broken the ministerial code.[43]
2021 gas crisis
From August 2021, high European wholesale natural gas prices caused some smaller domestic suppliers in the United Kingdom to go out of business. In September 2021, the fuel supply crisis caused serious disruption to the supply of road fuel.[44] Kwarteng said that "There is no question of the lights going out, of people being unable to heat their homes. There will be no three-day working week, or a throwback to the 1970s."[45] He also said that the government would not rescue failed companies.[46] Ed Miliband, Labour's shadow business secretary, accused Kwarteng of being complacent.[47]
Role in the Owen Paterson scandal
Kwarteng was an outspoken supporter of Owen Paterson, who had been found by the Commons Select Committee on Standards to have committed "an egregious case of paid advocacy".[48][failed verification] In reaction to this ruling, Kwarteng called for the independent Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Kathryn Stone, to "decide her position". The government later U-turned its support for Paterson, who resigned as an MP. The opposition called for an investigation into Kwarteng, claiming he may have breached the ministerial code.[49]
On 15 November 2021, Kwarteng published a letter of apology to Stone, in which he said he "did not mean to express doubt about your ability to discharge your role" and apologised for "any upset or distress my choice of words may have caused".[50]
Chancellor of the Exchequer
![]() | |
Chancellorship of Kwasi Kwarteng 6 September 2022 – present | |
Kwasi Kwarteng | |
Party | Conservative |
Nominated by | Liz Truss |
Appointed by | Elizabeth II |
Seat | 11 Downing Street |
|
Kwarteng was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by incoming Prime Minister Liz Truss on 6 September 2022.[51] On 23 September 2022, he announced a set of economic policies in what the Treasury described as a Fiscal Event, this was dubbed a "mini-budget" by the media. He refused to allow the Office for Budget Responsibility to assess the economic impact of the budget and provide a forecast.[52]
Among the policies announced by Kwarteng was a cut in the basic rate of income tax from 20% to 19% to start in April 2023, the abolition of the 45% higher rate of income tax in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the lifting of the stamp duty threshold, the freezing of energy bills, the reversal of the increase in National Insurance from April 2022, the abolition of the proposed Health and Social Care Levy, and the scrapping of the limit on bankers' bonuses.[53][54][55] The Institute for Fiscal Studies director Paul Johnson called it "the biggest package of tax cuts in 50 years" and commented that "the plan seems to be to borrow large sums at increasingly expensive rates, put government debt on an unsustainable rising path, and hope that we get better growth".[56] He added that, because of reforms made by previous Chancellors, which froze the personal allowance and income tax thresholds, "only those on over £155,000 will pay less tax overall. The very rich will pay tens of thousands less". The IFS stated that particularly those earning between £63,000 and £125,000 would pay more direct tax by 2025–2026 if these reforms were not reversed.[57] The following week, sterling fell to its lowest level against the US dollar since Britain went decimal in 1971.[58]
Political views
Kwarteng is considered a member of the right-wing of the Conservative Party.[59]
Same-sex marriage law
In 2013, he voted twice against allowing same-sex couples to marry, and has subsequently abstained from votes relating to same-sex marriage issues.[60]
Racial issues and colonialism
Kwarteng's views on colonialism have been described by a PoliticsHome writer as "nuanced".[61] Kwarteng has argued that many supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement and critics of British imperialism have "a very kind of cartoon-like view" of the past, arguing:
So within that time and geography there's a huge amount of variety, different cultures and different time periods and getting a sensitivity to that is hugely important and I think a lot of the debate around Black Lives Matter and imperialism or colonialism has a very kind of cartoon-like view of what was happening over centuries across a quarter of the world.[62]
Economic issues
In August 2012, Kwarteng co-authored a book with four fellow MPs, including current Prime Minister Liz Truss, titled Britannia Unchained.[63] The book argues for a radical shrinking of the welfare state in order "to return it to the contributory principle envisioned by its founder Sir William Beveridge – that you get benefits in return for contributions".[19]
Personal life
Kwarteng is described by friends as an "intensely private" person.[4] He was previously in a relationship with former Conservative Home Secretary Amber Rudd.[64] He married City solicitor Harriet Edwards in December 2019.[65] Their daughter was born on 15 October 2021.[66] He has lived in Bayswater, and in January 2022 purchased a house in Greenwich.[4]
Publications
- Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). Ghosts of empire : Britain's legacies in the modern world. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-2290-6. OCLC 904756788.
- Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). After the Coalition. Priti Patel, Dominic Raab, Chris Skidmore and Elizabeth Truss. London: Biteback. ISBN 978-1-84954-212-8. OCLC 771875676.
- Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). Gridlock nation : why Britain's transport systems are heading towards gridlock and what we can do to stop it. Jonathan Dupont. London: Biteback. ISBN 978-1-84954-112-1. OCLC 751663991.
- Britannia Unchained: Global Lessons for Growth and Prosperity. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. ISBN 9781137032232. OCLC 809314985.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - Kwarteng, Kwasi (2014). War and gold : a five-hundred-year history of empires, adventures and debt. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-4815-9. OCLC 872709558.
- Kwarteng, Kwasi (2015). Thatcher's trial : six months that defined a leader. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-5917-9. OCLC 919896895.
References
- ^ "No. 59418". The London Gazette. 13 May 2010. p. 8745.
- ^ "Kwasi Kwarteng MP". BBC Democracy Live. BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ Collingridge, John (16 January 2021). "Challenging brief for cabinet new boy Kwasi Kwarteng". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Ellery, Ben (26 August 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng: The 'amiable geek' set to be UK's next chancellor". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ "Tories adopt 'black Boris' as candidate" Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Staines News, 25 January 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Biography". Kwart2010.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2010. Archived at archive.org 10 July 2010.
- ^ "'2 out of 12 at 100' – Marking 100 years of Women in Law". Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ Katwala, Sunder (31 July 2011). "Kwasi Kwarteng: The rising star of politics and letters". The Observer. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
- ^ Kinchen, Rosie (4 May 2014). "Kwasi Kwarteng: Big brain, big mouth, big Tory future on hold". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ^ a b c Neate, Rupert (11 October 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng: the business secretary bringing spark to the energy crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Lambert, Harry (22 September 2022). "Will Kwasi Kwarteng's great gamble pay off?". The New Statesman. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Trinity on University Challenge". Sean Blanchflower. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ Bland, Archie (4 September 2020). "Elite Cambridge club asks members for £50,000 to keep it open". The Guardian. ISSN 0956-1382. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ Kwarteng, Kwasi Alfred Addo. The political thought of the recoinage crisis of 1695–7. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 894597679. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.621890. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Pickard, Jim (19 January 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng, the free marketeer learning benefits of state action". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "Challenging brief for cabinet new boy Kwasi Kwarteng". The Times. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Kwasi Kwarteng: free marketeer and Truss's ideological soulmate becomes chancellor". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Poole, Steven (7 October 2011). "Et cetera: Steven Poole's non-fiction choice – reviews". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ^ a b "Turn benefits into repayable loan, says Tory group". BBC News. 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "Election results for Brent East". Brent Council. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Kwasi Kwarteng, Conservative MP and author". The Guardian. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Power couple behind the new Tory throne". The Times. 26 March 2006. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008.
- ^ "Results 2008". London Elects. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Scott, Jennifer (7 September 2022). "Who is Kwasi Kwarteng? The new chancellor who has been unafraid of upsetting his party". Sky News. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Wintour, Patrick (16 October 2009). "Tory MP David Wilshire to stand down over expenses row". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Spelthorne". BBC News. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Evans, Lisa (26 October 2011). "Naming the MPs who voted for an EU referendum". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ Jowit, Juliette (22 March 2013). "Government's new housing policy 'can help wealthy buy second homes'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ Anthony Sattin (12 May 2014). "War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures and Debt review – a comprehensive study of money and society". The Observer. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ Webster, Philip (26 September 2015). "Thatcher's Trial: Six Months That Defined a Leader by Kwasi Kwarteng". The Times.
- ^ "Spelthorne (Constituency) 2015 results". UK Parliament. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Reid, Stuart (10 July 2016). "A Brexiteer's Celebration – a conversation with Kwasi Kwarteng". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ "Parliamentary Private Secretaries: full list". ConservativeHome. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Stephen Barclay named new Brexit Secretary". BBC News. 16 November 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ "Who's who in Boris Johnson's first cabinet". The Guardian. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - ^ "Orders Approved and Business Transacted at the Privy Council Held by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 25th July 2019" (PDF). Privy Council Office. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Kwasi Kwarteng criticised for 'biased judges' comment". BBC News. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- ^ Mohdin, Aamna (12 September 2019). "Brexit: Kwasi Kwarteng criticised for 'biased judges' comment". The Guardian.
- ^ "Alok Sharma becomes full-time COP26 president and Kwasi Kwarteng is appointed as Secretary of State for Business". GOV.UK (Press release). 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Watts, Rob (20 April 2021). "UK commits to 'world's most ambitious target' for emissions cuts". Upstream Online. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ^ Inman, Phillip (4 March 2021). "UK business leaders condemn 'sad and bad' axing of industrial strategy panel". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ Gosden, Emily (3 January 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng courted oil bosses after Cop26". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- ^ "Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng travelled around Saudi Arabia on flights paid by energy giant Aramco". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
- ^ Morris, Sophie (29 September 2021). "Fuel crisis: Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng 'not guaranteeing anything' over impact on Christmas". Sky News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Where does the UK get its gas and is it facing a shortage this winter?". BBC News. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Staunton, Denis (20 September 2021). "UK gas supply issues will not see 'lights going out', business secretary Kwarteng says". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Ambrose, Jillian (23 September 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng vetoes subsidies for gas supply giants to take on rivals' clients". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "UK lawmaker should be suspended over 'egregious' paid lobbying – watchdog". Reuters. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Morris, Sophie (4 November 2021). "Owen Paterson resignation: Labour call for investigation into Kwasi Kwarteng's comments to Sky News about standards watchdog". Sky News. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Minister Kwasi Kwarteng sorry for upset caused by Standards Commissioner remarks". BBC News. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Capel, Charles (6 September 2022). "UK's Truss Names Kwasi Kwarteng as New Chancellor". Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Mason, Rowena; Inman, Phillip (20 September 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng refuses to let OBR release forecasts with mini-budget". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "At a glance: What's in the mini-budget?". BBC News. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Partington, Richard; Allegretti, Aubrey (23 September 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng's mini-budget: key points at a glance". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Sillars, James. "Mini-budget: The key announcements from the chancellor at a glance". Sky News. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Mini-Budget response". Institute for Fiscal Studies. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Strauss, Delphine (23 September 2022). "High earners reap the rewards as Kwarteng ditches redistribution". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Kwasi Kwarteng refuses to comment as pound hits all-time low against dollar". the Guardian. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
- ^ Abbey, Nels. "Kwasi Kwarteng Is a Brilliant Man in a Bad Role". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Kwasi Kwarteng. TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Bailey, Georgina (9 July 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng MP: 'People should look at history with a bit more humility'". Politicshome.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Business secretary says much of debate around Black Lives Matter has 'kind of cartoon-like view' of past". The Independent. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Tackle 'lazy' Britain, fellow Tories tell David Cameron". London Evening Standard. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ White, Roland (23 September 2018). "Amber gives green light to suitors". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Collingridge, John (16 January 2021). "Challenging brief for cabinet new boy Kwasi Kwarteng". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ Greg Hands, Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth (19 October 2021). "Net Zero Strategy and Heat and Buildings Strategy". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons. Archived 20 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- Official website
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Blog at Conservative Home
- Spelthorne Conservatives
- 1975 births
- Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
- Black British MPs
- Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
- Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
- Contestants on University Challenge
- English people of Ghanaian descent
- Harvard University alumni
- Living people
- Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
- People educated at Eton College
- Politicians from London
- UK MPs 2010–2015
- UK MPs 2015–2017
- UK MPs 2017–2019
- UK MPs 2019–present
- Writers from London